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Biomedical subjects

K M Jain

Publications and source records attributed to K M Jain.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Changes in plasma amino acid profiles following abdominal operations.

Plasma amino acid profiles along with hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values for ten patients undergoing abdominal operations were studied before operation and for 16 days there-after at different intervals. Six patients in the control group were studied in a similar manner. From the observations obtained, we concluded that total amino acid valued are a more sensitive reflection of patient nutrition in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. In future, total amino acid levels may become part of the nutritional assessment of a patient undergoing an operation. The histidine levels in plasma remain low for the longest period of time, an indication of a great need for histidine. Hence, greater attention should be paid to the histidine content of a diet or solution administered parenterally, or both. In addition, branched chain amino acids, alanine, glycine, cystine, arginine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine are required in greater quantity than the other amino acids as a result of the increased catabolism and partial starvation of the patients postoperatively. In formulation hyperalimentation solutions, an increased need for these amino acids should be kept in mind.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Charge-transfer complexes of some linear conjugated polyenes.

On adsorption of some electron-acceptor molecules on the solid films of all-trans-beta-carotene, beta-apo-8'-carotenal, astacene and methylbixin a new absorption band appears on the longer-wavelength side of the spectrum in addition to the original bands. The position of this new band is dependent on the electron affinity (EA) of the acceptor molecules, and the intensity of this band increases with the amount of adsorbed acceptor molecules. A linear relationship between the vmax. of the new band and EA was observed. The value of the ionization potential of the polyenes estimated from such linear relationship agrees satisfactorily with the value obtained by other methods. It has been concluded that the polyenes behave as electron donor and first form molecular charge-transfer complexes (of type [polyene . I2] with iodine) with electron acceptors, these finally dissociating to yield ionic complexes (of type [polyene . I+] with iodine).

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1980

Protective effect of a splenic extract in mice with endotoxemia.

We have previously described the isolation of a lipoidal splenic extract (LSE) that demonstrated a variety of hematologic effects including inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vivo and in vitro. Since endotoxin causes platelet aggregation and microembolism the protective effect of LSE in endotoxemia was examined in the present study. Both young and elderly Swiss mice given LSE 2--3 hours before endotoxin challenge showed a statistically significant increase in survival compared with saline-treated controls. However, no significant improvement in survival was noted when LSE was administered at the same time as endotoxin. These results add further support to the role of the spleen in the control of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Clinical implications of blood gas analysis of chest tube drainage.

Blood gas analysis of chest tube drainage following thoracostomy for experimental and clinical penetrating chest injuries was evaluated to determine its usefulness in predicting the etiology of the injury. Twenty dogs were divided into four groups and sustained right chest injury as follows: Group I--closed chest lung laceration; Group II--open chest lung laceration; Group IIII-gunshot wounds; Group IV--thoracotomy and injection of autologous, mixed venous blood. All animals and 14 patients who sustained penetrating chest injury were made simultaneously from chest tube draininage, systemic artery, and central vein in all dogs and patients. Eight patients (Group A) had pneumothorax; six patients (Group B) did not. Mean control canine aortic PO2 and pulmonary arterial PO2 values in Group I did not differ significantly from those in the other three canine groups, nor from the two human groups. Group II dogs exhibited chest tube PO2 which was significantly (p less than 0.01) above aortic PO2. In Group IV, chest tube PO2 was increased significantly above pulmonary arterial blood. Patients without pneumothorax had values for PO2 in chest tube drainage and aorta which were not significantly different, whereas when pneumothorax was present, PO2 of chest tube drainage was significantly higher than that of aortic PO2. Thus blood gas determinations on chest tube drainage may reflect the nature of the injury; however, the presence of air in the pleural space can result in oxygenation of contained blood well above systemic arterial levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Granular cell tumor of the common bile duct. Case report and review of literature.

A case of granular cell tumor is reported and the main features of the previously reported cases are summarized. This lesion usually presents in a black woman as a small tumor obstructing the common bile duct and resulting in cholecystitis and/or obstructive jaundice. The cell of origin is still disputed. Local resection with cholecystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy appears to be the treatment of choice.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

A prospective randomized study of three expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts as small arterial substitutes.

A prospective, double-blind, randomized study was performed to determine the relative patency rate of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, Gore-Tex, Impra, and a Surgikos prototype PTFE graft. The 48 grafts (40 x 4 mm) replaced excised segments of femoral arteries in adult mongrel dogs, whose mean weight was 20.6 +/- 0.9 kg; the grafts were removed after 12 weeks. Sterile technique and antibiotic therapy were included in the study. Anticoagulation was not employed. Anastomoses were performed with 6 = 0 polypropylene. Angiographic assessment of each anastomosis was made at surgery and prior to sacrifice. Patency was assessed daily by palpation and Doppler flow signals, as well as angiographically, prior to sacrifice. The overall patency rate was 62.5%. There were no statistically significant differences in patency rates among the three groups (Gore-Tex, 56%; Impra, 75%, Surgikos, 56%). Histologic evaluation revealed incomplete neointima formation and significant pannus formation in all three types of grafts without any significant discernible difference among them. The results suggest that further experimental evaluation of PTFE, as a small vessel substitute, is indicated prior to its use clinically in preference to autogenous vein.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Glucagon treatment of hemorrhagic shock: improved survival and metabolic parameters in a murine shock model.

One hundred-twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were shocked at 60 torr for 60 minutes and at the end of this period shed blood was reinfused. The animals were divided into three groups at random. These groups were either treated by N saline or glucose in N saline or glucagon in N saline. Glucagon treatment resulted in increased liver and muscle glucose-glycogen stores in the late period following shock. This was associated with a decrease in liver pyruvate and lactate and improved survival. It appears that glucagon more favorably affects the response to shock in this model than does treatment with glucose or saline.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Intrasplenic pancreatic pseudocyst complicating severe acute pancreatitis.

Since 13 cases of intrasplenic pancreatic pseudocysts have been previously described in the world literature, an additional case is reported. The mechanisms for the development of this lesion are: 1. direct extension of the pancreatic cyst into the splenic hilum; 2. digestive effects of pancreatic enzymes on splenic vasculature and parenchyma; 3. pancreatitis occurring in ectopic intrasplenic pancreatic tissue and 4. liquefaction of splenic infarcts secondary to thrombosis of the splenic vessels. Criteria for diagnosis and current available diagnostic methods are discussed. Early surgical intervention with splenectomy and possibly caudal pancreatectomy, is advocated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Spigelian hernia.

Six cases of spigelian hernia are reported, including three unusual ones: (1) the presence of an acutely inflamed appendix in the hernial sac; (2) a patient with multiple associated hernias; and (3) a woman with a strangulated spigelian hernia occurring with endometrial carcinoma. The anatomy, etiology, clinical features and management of these hernias are discussed.

Abdomen↗