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Biomedical subjects

K L Jones

Publications and source records attributed to K L Jones.

310 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary hypertension and trisomy 16.

An infant girl, born small for gestational age, with abnormal single creases on the fifth digits, subsequent severe developmental delay, hypertelorism, bilateral equinovalgus deformities, grade IV genitourinary reflux and mild right hydronephrosis, was found to have an inverted duplication of the short arm of chromosome 16 [46,XX; inv dup (16) (p 13.3-->p 11.2]. The cardiac anomalies included a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) and a moderate-sized atrial septal defect (ASD). Cardiac catheterization at 6 months of age revealed systemic level pulmonary artery pressure, bilateral pulmonary venous desaturation, and in room air a pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) of 0.8:1.0, which did not change significantly with administration of oxygen and nitric oxide. To our knowledge, this is the first description of early nonreactive pulmonary vascular disease in a patient with duplication 16p and a large VSD.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decrease in the size of the basal ganglia following prenatal alcohol exposure: a preliminary report.

Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to cause damage to the central nervous system. This study sought to further elucidate the structural brain damage that occurs following prenatal alcohol exposure in both children and rats. Two children with histories of maternal alcohol abuse but who did not qualify for a diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), based on established criteria, underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Reduced volumes were found for the cerebrum and cerebellum. In addition, the proportional volume of the basal ganglia was reduced, although the proportional volumes of cortical and subcortical fluid, cortical gray matter, limbic and nonlimbic cortex, and diencephalic structures were unaffected. These findings are compared with our recent MRI findings in two cases of FAS. In addition, the caudate-putamen and ventricular areas were assessed in rats exposed to alcohol prenatally. Whereas the overall brain section area was not reduced in size, the area of the caudate-putamen was reduced and that of the ventricles was enlarged.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stereospecific effects of tryptophan on gastric emptying and hunger in humans.

The amino acid tryptophan (tryp) is a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying in both animals and humans. Animal studies suggest that this effect may be specific for the L-enantiomer. The effects of D- and L-tryptophan on gastric emptying, intragastric distribution and appetite in humans were evaluated. Ten volunteers ingested 300 mL of either L-tryp (50 mmol/L), D-tryp (50 mmol/L) or normal saline labelled with 99mTc sulfur colloid on three occasions, separated by between 3 and 7 days. Hunger and fullness were measured with a visual analogue scale at -2, 15, 30 and 60 min after ingestion of each drink. Saline emptied faster from the stomach than both L-tryp and D-tryp (P < 0.05) and D-tryp emptied faster than L-tryp (P < 0.005). Emptying from the proximal stomach was fastest for saline (P < 0.05) and faster for D-tryp than L-tryp (P < 0.005). Emptying from the distal stomach was faster for saline than both D- and L-tryp (P < 0.05). A reduction in hunger (P < 0.05) and a non-significant trend for an increase in fullness were observed after all three drinks. At 60 min, fullness was greater after L-tryp than after ingestion of D-tryp (P < 0.01). These observations indicate that the effect of tryptophan on gastric emptying in humans is stereospecific, consistent with the concept that stereospecific receptors for tryptophan exist in the human small intestine.

Adult↗