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Biomedical subjects

K Kurisu

Publications and source records attributed to K Kurisu.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Distribution and possible origin of galanin-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mammalian dental pulp.

Human, dog, cat and rat dental pulps were investigated for the presence and distribution of galanin-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers, and the possible origin of pulpal galanin-IR nerve fibers in the rat was examined. Galanin-IR nerve fibers were present in the dental pulps of all species examined. Two types of galanin-IR nerve fibers were distinguished with regard to morphology; thin varicose nerve fibers and thick smooth-surfaced nerve fibers. Thin varicose galanin-IR nerve fibers were seen to run along the blood vessel in the human, dog and cat root pulp. In the coronal pulp, galanin-IR nerve fibers ran toward the odontoblastic layer but they did not form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus. In rat molar pulp, few galanin-IR nerve fibers were observed; the distribution of these nerve fibers was similar to those in human, dog and cat pulp. In contrast, many thick smooth-surfaced galanin-IR nerve fibers were observed near the blood vessels in incisor pulp of the rat; occasionally a few varicose galanin-IR nerve fibers were also observed. Transection of the inferior alveolar nerve or mandibular nerve caused complete disappearance of galanin-IR nerve fibers in rat dental pulp, while surgical sympathectomy of the superior cervical ganglion did not affect their distribution. The present results indicate that galanin-IR nerve fibers are present in the mammalian dental pulp, and that the intrapulpal galanin-IR nerve fibers in the rat originate from the trigeminal ganglion and are primary afferents.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive primary afferents in the dental pulp and periodontal ligament following nerve injury to the inferior alveolar nerve in the rat.

The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive (IR) primary afferents in the dental pulp and periodontal ligament of the rat mandible were examined following combined chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and sympathectomy of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). NPY-IR nerve fibers were observed around the blood vessels in the trigeminal ganglion, dental pulp and periodontal ligament in normal animals. Following combined CCI of the IAN and sympathectomy of SCG (SCGx), perivascular NPY-IR nerve fibers originating from SCG disappeared completely, but many NPY-IR nerve fibers coming from the trigeminal ganglion appeared in the dental pulp and periodontal ligament. In the molar dental pulp, thick NPY-IR nerve fibers were observed within the nerve bundle, and some thin NPY-IR nerve fibers ran towards the odontoblast layer; very few NPY-IR nerve fibers were observed in the incisor pulp. In the periodontal ligament of molar, thick NPY-IR nerve fibers appeared at the alveolar part following combined CCI of IAN and SCGx. In the lingual portion of the periodontal ligament of the incisor, many thick NPY-IR nerve fibers were observed. These occasionally showed a tree-like appearance, resembling immature Ruffini endings; slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. The present results indicate that periodontal mechanoreceptors are among the main targets of injury-evoked NPY following IAN injury.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1996

Partial coexistence of neuropeptide Y and calbindin D28k in the trigeminal ganglion following peripheral axotomy of the inferior alveolar nerve in the rat.

Immunohistochemistry was applied to examine the correlation between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the two calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D28k (CB) in the trigeminal ganglion following peripheral axotomy of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in the rat. Five days following transection and application of FluoroGold (FG) to the cut end of the IAN, approximately 14.8% (80/539) and 18.6% (90/483) of FG-labeled IAN neurons in the trigeminal ganglion showed PV-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and CB-LI, respectively. The mean +/- S.D. area of FG-labeled PV-like immunoreactive (-IR) cells (FG/PV-IR cells) and FG/CB-IR cells were 835.9 +/- 303.1 mu m2 and 712.7 +/- 246.0 mu m2, respectively. FG/PV-IR cells were significantly larger than FG/CB-IR cells. Fourteen days following peripheral axotomy of the IAN, NPY-LI appeared in the medium- to large-sized cells. Double immunostaining revealed that approximately 3.3% (52/1569) of NPY-IR cells in the axotomized trigeminal ganglion displayed PV-LI, while approximately 26.7% (371/1392) of NPY-IR cells displayed CB-LI. The mean +/- S.D. cross-sectional areas of PV-IR and CB-IR trigeminal ganglion cells displaying NPY-LI were 819.5 +/- 265.6 mu m2 and 766.5 +/- 279.7 mu m2, respectively. There were no significant differences in the cross-sectional areas either between NPY/PV-IR cells and NPY/CB-IR cells, or between FG/PV-IR cells and NPY/PV-IR cells, or between FG/CB-IR cells and NPY/CB-IR cells. The present results indicate that injury-evoked medium- to large-sized NPY neurons were a different population from large-sized PV neurons, and NPY was partly co-localized with CB.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Protein gene-product 9.5 in developing mouse circumvallate papilla: comparison with neuron-specific enolase and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

The present study was made to investigate the ontogeny of protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the developing mouse circumvallate papilla (CVP), and its distribution was compared to that of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In adult CVP, PGP 9.5-LI was observed in the subgemmal nerve plexus; some thin PGP 9.5-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers penetrated taste buds and apical epithelium. PGP 9.5-LI was also observed in the spindle-shaped cells in taste buds, and a small number of round- or oval-shaped ganglionic cells in the lamina propria. The distribution of NSE-LI was comparable to that of PGP 9.5-LI. CGRP-LI was observed in the nerve fibers only; distribution of CGRP-IR nerve fibers was similar to that of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers, although the number of CGRP-IR nerve fibers was smaller than that of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers. At least six developmental stages were defined with regard to the developmental changes in the distribution of PGP 9.5-LI from embryonic day (E) 12 to adulthood: Stage I (E12-13)-a dense nerve plexus of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers was detected in the lamina propria beneath the core of newly-formed papilla. Stage II (E14-16) - thin PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers penetrated the apical epithelium, and a few round-shaped cells in the apical epithelium also displayed PGP 9.5-LI. Stage III (E17-18) - thin PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers penetrated the inner lateral epithelium of the trench. Stage IV [Postnatal day (P) 0-3] - many PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers penetrated the outer lateral epithelium of the trench; later in this stage, taste buds appeared. Stage V (P5-10) - a small number of PGP 9.5-IR cells in the taste buds appeared, and their number increased gradually. Stage VI (P14-adult) - the number of PGP 9.5-IR taste cells increased and reached the adult level, while the number of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers decreased. The development of NSE-LI was similar to that of PGP 9.5-LI. CGRP-IR nerve fibers were detected at E12 in the lamina propria, and the development of the intraepithelial CGRP-IR nerve fibers was similar to that of PGP 9.5-IR nerve fibers. The present results indicate that invasion by nerve fibers of the epithelium of lingual papillae occurs in a complex manner, and that these nerve fibers may participate in the formation of the taste buds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistulas with magnetic resonance angiography--demonstrating the draining veins utilizing 3-D time-of-flight and 3-D phase-contrast techniques.

This study assessed the ability to diagnose carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) non-invasively using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Both three-dimensional time-of-flight (3-D TOF) MRA and three-dimensional phase-contrast (3-D PC) MRA were compared with conventional cerebral angiography in nine patients with CCFs. CCFs were grouped according to Barrow's classification. In all cases, 3-D TOF MRA revealed an inferior petrosal sinus as a draining vein. 3-D PC MRA demonstrated a dilated and tortuous superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and reflux of the SOV in seven patients. In conclusion, CCFs can be diagnosed with MRA alone by demonstrating the drainging veins.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion by human pituitary adenomas detected by cell immunoblot analysis.

Twenty-two pituitary adenomas were examined on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) using a cell immunoblot assay, and discussed regarding an association between cavernous sinus invasion and the secretion of these proteins. The cell immunoblot assay, a kind of immunoblot procedure, is able to detect proteins at the single cell level and to detect the incidence of tumour cells secreting the target proteins in the total tumour cell population. The incidence of tumour cells secreting MMP-9 was significantly higher in invasive adenomas than in noninvasive ones. On the other hand, TIMP-1 secretion was not detected in any adenomas in this study. This result suggested that MMP-9 secretion, and especially the number of MMP-9-secreting cells, may be associated with cavernous sinus invasion of pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Influence of fluoride on secretory pathway of the secretory ameloblast in rat incisor tooth germs exposed to sodium fluoride.

Fluoride, which is an environmental toxicant, is a potent inducer of mottled enamel in humans and rats. To define the influence of fluoride on the secretory pathway in enamel fluorosis, mottled enamel was induced in the incisor tooth germs of rats by subcutaneous injections of sodium fluoride for 4 days, and then morphological and cytochemical changes of the secretory ameloblast were examined in the tooth germs with HRP-labeled lectin (Con A, GS-I, SBA and PNA) and En3 antibody labeling amelogenins. The accumulation of small vesicles on the route of the secretory pathway between the rER and the Golgi apparatus, disorder of Golgi stacks, and formation of abnormal large granules in distal cytoplasm were seen in the secretory ameloblast. Lectin staining patterns of the secretory ameloblast indicated the disturbance of the vesicular transport between the rER and the Golgi apparatus, and disorganization of the Golgi stack. Immunolabeling of the cell showed disruption of the sorting and fusion process on the secretory pathway. These results suggest that the fluoride disturbs the intracellular transport in the synthesis-secretory pathway of the ameloblast, and that this effect of fluoride on the synthesis-secretory pathway participates in the formation of enamel fluorosis.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1996

Expression of cytokeratin 14 in ameloblast-lineage cells of the developing tooth of rat, both in vivo and in vitro.

In the search for a cell marker useful for studying tooth development, immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against cytokeratin 14 (K14), c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor and amelogenin were carried out in the developing tooth of the newborn rat and in primary cultured cells of the ameloblast lineage, including inner enamel epithelium cells, preameloblasts and ameloblasts, prepared from the mandibular incisors of postnatal 7-day-old rats. The appearance of K14 was cell- and differentiation-stage specific, i.e. there was a weak expression signal within inner enamel epithelial cells that were in the proliferating stage, and there were strong signals within preameloblasts and ameloblasts that were in the post-proliferating and amelogenesis stages, respectively. In the culture system, c-Met appeared in all cells, whereas K14 and amelogenin appeared mainly in clustered cells that were considered to be in the post-proliferating stage. K14 was detected earlier than amelogenin, and it was also confirmed by immunofluorostaining that c-Met, K14 and amelogenin were coexpressed in ameloblasts. These findings indicate that K14 is a good new marker for ameloblast-lineage cells during rat tooth development both in vivo and in vitro.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic resection of intraventricular ependymal cyst presenting with psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial ependymal cysts are rare lesions generally located in the cerebral parenchyma, juxtraventricular region, or subarachnoid space; but no case of a purely intraventricular ependymal cyst has been reported. CASE REPORT: A case of intraventricular ependymal cyst presenting with symptoms of psychosis is reported. The patient's symptoms resolved almost completely following endoscopic resection of the cyst. The embryologic basis of the development of an ependymal cyst inside the ventricle and its histologic characteristics are discussed. Possible mechanism of psychosis in this case is also discussed. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive techniques, as in this case, may be useful in refractory psychotic cases with cystic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

New approach for the treatment of medulloblastoma by transfection with glial fibrillary acidic protein gene.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is one of the intermediate filaments found in mature normal astrocytes and differentiated glioma cells. It seems to be able to stabilize the cytoskeleton of the astrocyte and may play a role in maintaining astrocyte cell shape, in association with other cytoskeletal components such as microfilaments and microtubles. However, its tissue-specificity remains unclear. To clarify the effect of GFAP expression in brain tumour cells, transfer of the GFAP gene into the human medulloblastoma cell line, DAOY-1 (which does not express GFAP) was carried out using liposomes. Upon transfection, we observed the alterations in the characteristics of GFAP transfected cells. Cell growth, morphology and sensitivity to anticancer drugs were compared between GFAP gene transfected DAOY-1 and control DAOY-1 cells. Growth inhibition and increase of sensitivity to anticancer drugs were observed with GFAP expression in GFAP gene-transfected DAOY-1 cells. However, no morphological changes were noted.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Experimental studies of the antitumor effect of TNP-470 on malignant brain tumors. Antitumor effect of TNP-470 on a human medulloblastoma xenograft line.

It has been shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in pathological conditions including the growth of solid tumors. Furthermore, it is thought that anti-angiogenic agents might be clinically useful for therapy of these diseases. TNP-470 (TNP), a synthetic analog of fumagillin isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus, was used as an anti-angiogenic agent in this study in a nude mouse model with a subcutaneously implanted fragment of medulloblastoma. After treatment with this agent for 4 weeks, the inhibition rates of tumor growth were as follows: 15.9% in the group given 1 mg/kg, 16.9% with 10 mg/kg, 29.6% with 30 mg/kg, 49.9% with 50 mg/kg and 65.7% with 100 mg/kg. TNP inhibited the growth of brain tumor dose-dependently and induced various ischemic changes within the tumor tissue. Therefore, TNP may be effective for the treatment of malignant brain tumors such as medulloblastoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Influence of paternal (252) Cf neutron exposure on abnormal sperm, embryonal lethality, and liver tumorigenesis in the F(1) offspring of mice.

Experiments were conducted to determine whether neutron-induced genetic damage in parental germline cells can lead to development of cancer in the offspring. Seven-week-old C3H male mice were irradiated with (252) Cf neutrons at a dose of 0, 50, 100, or 200 cGy. Two weeks or three months after irradiation, the male mice were mated with virgin 9-week-old C57BL females. Two weeks after irradiation, the irradiated male mice showed an increased incidence of sperm abnormalities, which led to embryo lethalities in a dose-dependent manner when they were mated with unirradiated female mice. Furthermore, liver tumors in male offspring of male mice in the 50 cGy group were significantly increased in 19 of 44 (43.2%) animals, in clear contrast to the unirradiated group (1 of 31; 3.2%) (P < 0.01). In the 100 cGy group, 6 of 39 (15%) mice had lesions. At 3 months after irradiation abnormal sperm and embryonal lethality were not significantly increased. The incidences of liver tumors in male offspring from the 50 cGy, 100 and 200 cGy groups were 6 of 20 (30%), 5 of 22 (23%) and 1 of 19 (5%), respectively, which are not significantly increased compared with the control. It is concluded that increased hepatic tumor risk in the F(1) generation may be caused by genetic transmission of hepatoma-associated trait(s) induced by (252) Cf neutron irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical changes in the distribution of nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament during an experimental tooth movement of the rat molar.

We examined the distribution of nerve fibers containing neurofilament protein (NFP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of the rat first molar. In addition, we observed changes in the distribution of these nerve fibers in the PDL during experimental tooth movement induced by insertion of a separating elastic. In normal animals, both NFP- and CGRP-containing nerve fibers were observed in the apical part of the PDL, smaller numbers being found in the cervical part in normal rats. They terminated as free nerve endings in the apical part; no specialized endings were observed. VIP- and NPY-containing nerve fibers were associated with blood vessels near the alveolar bone in the apical part of the PDL of normal animals. Three days after tooth movement, the number of NFP- and CGRP-containing nerve fibers increased in both stretched and compressed parts of the PDL, and returned to normal levels after 14 days. Immediately after tooth movement, VIP-containing nerve fibers disappeared in the stretched part, and returned to the normal level after 14 days. VIP-containing nerve fibers were always observed during tooth movement in the compressed part of the PDL. NPY-containing nerve fibers disappeared immediately after tooth movement in the stretched part and returned to the normal level after 3 days. NPY-containing nerve fibers were not observed 1 day after insertion of the elastic in the compressed part and were the same as in the normal controls after 14 days. These results suggest that NFP-, CGRP-, VIP- and NPY-containing nerve fibers in the PDL play important roles in the modulation of pain, tissue remodeling and blood flow regulation during tooth movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hepatocyte growth factor is involved in the morphogenesis of tooth germ in murine molars.

The patterns of gene expression for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, were revealed in the tooth germ of rat mandibular molars using RT-PCR. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the HGF gene was expressed only in the cells of the dental papilla of the tooth germ in vivo. The characteristic temporospatial distribution of HGF and c-Met during germ development was revealed using immunohistochemical studies in vivo. In order to demonstrate the functional role played by HGF in tooth development, HGF translation arrest by antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was carried out in vitro. In the control experiment, explants of tooth germs from embryonic 14 day mice were cultured in a modification of Trowell's system under serum-free and chemically defined conditions for two weeks. Other explants were cultured with 15mer antisense or sense ODN targeted to the HGF mRNA. Both the control and the sense-treated explants showed normal histological structure, as observed in vivo. On the other hand, antisense-treated explants exhibited an abnormal structure in which the enamel organs were surrounded by a thin layer of dentin and dental papilla, appearing 'inside-out' compared to the control and sense-treated explants, although the cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts was not inhibited. The explants treated with recombinant human HGF combined with antisense ODN showed normal development, indicating that exogenous HGF rescued the explants from the abnormal structure caused by antisense ODN. The findings of a BrdU incorporation experiment suggested that the imbalance between the proliferation activity of the inner enamel epithelium and that of the dental papilla caused by HGF translation arrest results in the abnormal structure of the tooth germ. These results indicate that HGF is involved in the morphogenesis of the murine molar.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of surgery on gonadal function of premenopausal women with pituitary adenomas other than prolactinomas.

The effects of surgery on pituitary-gonadal function were investigated in women with pituitary adenomas other than prolactinomas. The subjects were 46 women of premenopausal age with a pituitary adenoma. Twenty tumors were GH producing, 19 were nonfunctioning, and 7 were adrenocorticotropin producing adenomas. The surgery was performed mainly via the transsphenoidal route, with the aim of eradicating the tumor and preserving pituitary function. The menstrual cycle was preserved postoperatively in 9 out of 10 (90%) patients with regular preoperative menstruation. Menstrual disturbance was seen in 36 (78.3%) cases preoperatively. The causative factors for menstrual disturbance were gonadotropin impairment and hyperprolactinemia in GH producing and nonfunctioning adenoma. Excessive hormonal secretion itself is a major causative factor for menstrual disturbance in GH and ACTH producing adenoma. Regular menstruation was restored following surgery in 20 out of 36 (55.6%) patients with menstrual problems. The predicting factors for postoperative recovery of menstruation are: size of adenoma less than 40 mm, period of amenorrhea less than 5 years, and preoperatively preserved gonadotropin secretion. In addition, preoperative hyperprolactinemia was also a predicting factor in women with nonfunctioning adenoma. Thus, even in patients with pituitary adenomas other than prolactinoma, the restoration of menstruation is highly achievable when surgery is performed with attention to preserving pituitary function.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Effects of surgery on testosterone secretion in male patients with pituitary adenomas.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of surgery on gonadal function in 42 male patients with pituitary adenomas Gonadal functions were evaluated by measuring total serum testosterone concentrations pre- and postoperatively. The subjects of the study were 20 patients with GH secreting adenoma, 7 patients with prolactinoma and 15 patients with nonfunctioning (NF) adenoma. Their ages ranged from 18 to 60 years (mean +/- SEM, 41 +/- 1.9). The serum testosterone concentration was low at less than 300 ng/dl preoperatively in 14 of 20 patients (70%) with GH producing adenoma, 6 of 7 patients (86%) with prolactinoma, and 7 of 15 patients (47%) with NF adenoma. Postoperatively, the total serum testosterone concentration was normalized in 9 of 14 patients (64%) with GH producing adenoma, one of 6 patients (17%) with prolactinoma, and 5 of 7 patients (71%) with NF adenoma. The normalization of serum GH and prolactin concentrations is indispensable for the restoration of gonadal function. It is very important to preserve the normal preoperative gonadotropin secretion by means of gentle surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Parasellar chronic inflammatory disease presenting Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus: a case report.

We describe a 60-year-old man with a history of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome associated with intermittent painful ophthalmoplegia and a visual disturbance on the left side, who presented with signs and symptoms of severe hypoadrenalism and diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated enlargement of the hypophysis and infundibulum and left cavernous sinus. An endocrinologic study revealed anterior pituitary dysfunction and diabetes insipidus. The patient underwent a transsphenoidal biopsy which revealed chronic inflammation in the hypophysis, mucosa of the sphenoid sinus, and dura mater. The patient was treated with steroids that decreased the size of the hypophysis and infundibulum, but the symptoms of anterior pituitary insufficiency and diabetes insipidus have persisted. The chronic inflammation of the hypophysis and infundibulum is thought to have spread from the cavernous sinus.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗