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Biomedical subjects

K Krawczynski

Publications and source records attributed to K Krawczynski.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Immunopathologic aspects of the HBsAg carrier state in chimpanzees.

The tissue distribution of hepatitis B virus antigens was correlated with the distribution of immunoglobulins and complement and with histopathological changes. Although no circulating antibody was detected, the participation of humoral immune mechanisms in the elimination of HBsAg from the circulation was suggested by presence of HBsAg, immunoglobulins, and C'3 in germinal centers of mesenteric lymph nodes and HBsAg mixed with immunoglobulins in the mesangium of kidney glomeruli. The results support the hypothesis that the immune status of HBV chimpanzee carriers is associated with hyporesponsiveness rather than tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Wild-type Gross leukemia virus and the pathogenesis of the glomerulonephritis of New Zealand mice.

The pathogenesis of the spontaneous glomerulonephritis of NZB and (NZB x NZW) F(1) hybrid mice is related at least in part to the formation of natural antibody against antigens of the G (Gross) system, and apparently to the deposition in the glomeruli of immune complexes of G natural antibody with G soluble antigen (GSA), type-specific antigen specified by wild-type Gross leukemia virus. G natural antibody and GSA are detectable in the acid-buffer eluate of the kidneys of NZB mice during the course of the glomerulonephritis. (NZB x NZW) F(1) hybrid mice develop glomerulonephritis and produce GSA and free G natural antibody earlier in life than do NZB mice. The proteinuria manifestation of the gomerulonephritis of (NZB x NZW) F(1) hybrid mice becomes increasingly prevalent as GSA undergoes immune elimination from the circulation. Gross leukemia virus-specified antigens together with bound immunoglobulins are located in the glomerular lesions of (NZB x NZW) F(1) hybrid mice, both in the mesangium as observed in NZB mice and also in the wall of the peripheral capillary loops of the glomeruli.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The epidemiology and clinical outcome of hepatitis D virus (delta) infection in Jordan.

The epidemiology and clinical outcome of hepatitis D viral infection in HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis, chronic liver disease, primary hepatocellular carcinoma and the symptomless carrier state was studied in Jordan. The prevalence of hepatitis D viral infection was significantly higher in patients with chronic liver disease (18/79, 23%) and acute hepatitis (17/108, 16%) than in symptomless HBsAg carriers (2/136, 2%). The highest prevalence of hepatitis D viral infection was found in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (10/15, 67%) who were also significantly older than such patients without hepatitis D viral infection. Antihepatitis D virus IgM was detected persistently in 83% of patients with antihepatitis D virus-positive chronic liver disease and transiently in 41% of patients with acute hepatitis. A trend to increased mortality was observed in acute hepatitis D viral superinfection (25%) compared to hepatitis D viral coinfection (0%) and to antihepatitis D virus-negative HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis (4%). In patients with established chronic liver disease, however, neither survival nor histological parameters of disease activity were significantly different in the antihepatitis D virus-positive and antihepatitis D virus-negative groups. While the early stage of hepatitis D viral superinfection is associated with increased mortality, it appears that in patients with late-stage chronic liver disease, severe histological activity subsides, and survival is no longer influenced by the factor of hepatitis D viral infection. However, primary hepatocellular carcinoma appears to complicate the course of those antihepatitis D virus-positive patients surviving beyond this stage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunopathological aspects of hepatitis type B.

Tissue samples from 180 unselected necropsy cases of various forms of hepatitis were examined by histopathology and immunofluorescence. The hepatitis forms studied included acute fulminant hepatitis (28 patients), subacute hepatitis (48 patients), acute fatal hepatitis (24 patients), chronic aggressive hepatitis (26 patients), liver cirrhosis (49 patients), and "minimal" hepatitis (5 patients). Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen were detected in 101 patients (56.1 per cent). In these, lesion-bound immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen were found in the liver and extrahepatic locations in 77 patients (76.2 per cent). The latter included activated germinal centers of lymph nodes and spleen, focal hyaline lesions of splenic and renal arterioles, necrotic and/or proliferative lesions of small and medium-sized arteries, and kidney glomeruli with mild proliferative and degenerative lesions. There was an inverse relation of the approximate amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen in the liver and the liver damage, the latter being directly proportional to the amount of HBS Ag immune complexes in the liver and indirectly proportional to their amount in extrahepatic locations and to the severity of lesions at these sites.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Global epidemiology and medical aspects of hepatitis E.

Hepatitis E is a self-limited enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis that occurs frequently in epidemic outbreaks and as sporadic hepatitis in the Indian sub-continent, Southeast and Central Asia, the Middle East, parts of Africa, and Mexico. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is excreted in faeces and is transmitted predominantly by the faecal-oral route, usually through contaminated water. The reservoir of the virus during the inter-epidemic periods in disease-endemic countries may reside in the environment, in sub-clinically HEV-infected humans, and/or animals infected with an HEV-like virus. Chronic infection is unknown. Diagnosis of HEV infection is usually made by detection of anti-HEV antibodies or HEV-RNA in patients serum specimens. Clinical illness due to HEV infection is similar to other forms of viral hepatitis except in pregnant women, in whom the illness is particularly severe with a mortality as high as 25%. Asymptomatic and anicteric infections may occur. No specific treatment is available, and the most effective mode of preventing this disease is use of clean water and proper sanitation. Recombinant vaccines are being developed that may be particularly useful for travellers to the disease-endemic areas and for pregnant women.

Animals↗