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Biomedical subjects

K Kosaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Kosaka.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serum levels of neurophysin in pregnancy and in the postpartum period: relation to 17beta-estradiol levels.

Changes in serum neurophysin levels were studied in women during normal pregnancy and after delivery. Neurophysin was elevated as early as the sixth week of gestation and gradually increased until, at the latest, the twentieth week. A significant positive correlation was obtained between serum concentrations of neurophysin and those of 17beta-estradiol. In serum samples with 17beta-estradiol levels exceeding 5 ng/ml, neurophysin was consistently elevated above the normal control range. After delivery, serum neurophysin concentrations declined quite rapidly. The levels returned to those of nonpregnant women by 6 days postpartum. These results support the view that a high rate of secretion of 17beta-estradiol may be one of the factors responsible for the elevated levels of serum neurophysin in pregnancy and that this effect disappears rapidly after the disposal of estrogen, independent of the duration of the elevated estrogen levels.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1979

Human plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity: its correlation with immunoreactive insulin in diabetes, and chronic liver and renal diseases.

The correlation between plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was investigated during the oral glucose tolerance test in 20 normals, 127 diabetics, and 39 non-diabetics with chronic liver or renal disorders. When all subjects were included, the increment of CPR 30 minutes after glucose load (deltaCPR) correlated well with that of IRI (deltaIRI) (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001), but the return of CPR towards the basal level was delayed as compared with IRI. The positive correlation was also observed between the sum of 6 IRI and that of 6 CPR values during the glucose tolerance test in diabetics and controls (r = 0.53, p less than 0.001). deltaCPR/deltaBS (30 min.) was also well correlated with deltaIRI/deltaBS (30 min.), and was specifically low in diabetics. Insulin-treated maturity-onset diabetics showed low but considerable CPR responses while no CPR responses were observed in insulin-treated juvenile diabetics. In each plasma sample, CPR always exceeded IRI on the molar basis. At fasting CPR/IRI ratio was 15.6 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- SE) in normals and 14.9 +/- 1.3 approximately 16.9 +/- 1.0 in diabetics. In chronic liver diseases IRI response was augmented while CPR response was not different from that of controls, and the molar ratio of CPR/IRI was significantly low (9.5 +/- 1.1). On the contrary, it exceeded that of normals in chronic renal diseases (35.7 +/- 14.9). It is concluded that, first, the plasma CPR response appears to be a valuable indicator of pancreatic B-cell function, and second, it is, nevertheless, modified in chronic liver or renal disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Radioimmunoassay of main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha in patients with diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis (DIFP) and other respiratory diseases.

Radioimmunoassay of 5alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-11-keto-tetra-norprosta-1,16-dioic acid, main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha-MUM), was performed in patients with various respiratory diseases including diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis (DIFP, fibrosing alveolitis). Twenty-four hr excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM in patients with primary lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis secondary to collagen diseases and stationary DIFP was normal. On the other hand, 24 hr excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM in patients with carcinomatous pleuritis was high and that in patients with aggravating DIFP was markedly high. There was no correlation between serum LDH levels and 24 hr excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM.

Collagen Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Immune elimination of host fibroblasts for the cultivation of human tumors transplanted into nude mice.

We report here a useful method for the isolation and cultivation of human tumor cells in vitro from human tumors grown in nude mice. A rabbit was immunized with spleen cells obtained from adult nude mice. The rabbit antiserum in the presence of complement effectively killed cultured cells derived from various mouse tissues, but it was not cytotoxic to cultured cells from human tissues including tumors. When mixed cultures consisting of human tumor cells and nude mouse fibroblasts were treated with the antiserum and complement, the nude mouse fibroblasts were completely removed from the cultures, and the human tumor cells could be propagated without noticeable changes in morphological features. Primary cultures of heterotransplanted human tumors grown in nude mice were also successfully treated, resulting in the ultimate elimination of fibroblastic cells derived from the stroma of the tumor. The functional properties of the tumor cells (production of human chorionic gonadotropin by choriocarcinoma cells and production of carcinoembryonic antigens by pancreas carcinoma cells) were also maintained after the antiserum treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with degeneration of thalamus and substantia nigra (author's transl)].

A 40-year-old man suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with symmetrical degeneration of the thalamus and the substantia nigra is reported. The distribution pattern of the thalamic degeneration in the present case was characteristic in that the Nucleus centralis was the severest affected of the thalamic nuclei. As far as we know, there is no such case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the literature. Nosologically, this case may represent a form of combined heredosystemic degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lewy bodies in cerebral cortex, report of three cases.

The histochemical and structural properties and the topographical distribution pattern of Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex as well as in the brain stem and diencephalon were studied in three cases. The Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex were found in the small or medium-sized neurons of the fifth and sixth layers, particularly in the anterior frontal, temporal, insular, and cingulate cortex, and showed minor differences in their histochemical and structural properties from typical Lewy bodies in the brain stem and diencephalon. By light microscopy they were more irregular in shape, less eosinophilic, less sharply demarcated, and did not have clear halos and central cores. From the ultrastructural aspect, the filaments in them did not radiate, but were arranged at random, and circular profiles were not associated in the central zone. This type of Lewy body was also distributed in the basal ganglia. A close relationship between Lewy bodies and monoamines in the cerebral cortex of our cases was not recognized. These three cases showed also concomitant senile changes, i.e., senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Effect of bombesin infused intrapancreatically on glucagon and insulin secretion.

Synthetic bombesin was infused at a dose of 20 pmoles/kg/min for 10 min into the cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery of anesthetized dogs. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon concentrations in the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein as well as in the femoral artery were concurrently and slowly elevated. However, the net release of glucagon from the pancreas did not increase significantly during infusion of bombesin. Plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations in the pancreatic vein were transiently raised, and a delayed rise was noted in arterial plasma IRI. Net release of insulin was significantly augmented during infusion of the tetradecapeptide. Plasma glucose levels did not change after bombesin. These results indicate that the gastrointestinal tetradecapeptide may stimulate secretion of both insulin and gut glucagonlike immunoreactivity in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of phentolamine on the somatostatin-induced inhibition of glucagon and insulin secretion.

Synthetic cyclic somatostatin was infused into either the cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery or the femoral vein of anesthetized dogs with or without previous administration of phentolamine. Somatostatin infused into the pancreatic artery at a dose of 50 ng/kg/min for 10 min caused significant decreases in blood flow and plasma basal concentrations of both glucagon and insulin in the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein, resulting in a profound decline of bihormonal output during the infusion. Arterial plasma glucose was not reduced during the administration of somatostatin in the pancreatic artery. These somatostatin-induced decreases failed to be eliminated by a 0.2 mg/kg injection of phentolamine into the femoral vein followed by a 9-min infusion of this alpha-adrenergic blocker (0.02 mg/kg/min) into the pancreatic artery immediately prior to the somatostatin administration. An inhibition of glucagon and insulin output and a fall of plasma glucose caused by somatostatin (1.7 microgram/min) infused into the femoral vein for 30 min also were not abolished by a prolonged and simultaneous infusion of phentolamine (0.2 mg/min) into the femoral vein over a period of 2 hr. These results indicate that alpha-adrenergic receptor mechanisms do not play a major role in the inhibition of islet glucagon and insulin secretion by somatostatin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

HLA--Bw54 (Bw22-J, J-1) antigen in juvenile onset diabetes mellitus in Japan.

HLA--B8 and/or Bw15, associated with juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (JDM) in Caucasians, have a very low frequency in the Japanese population. Thus, we were interested in investigating the association between JDM and HLA antigen in a Japanese population. Eighty-nine patients with JDM and 128 unrelated random controls were HLA-typed by the microlymphocytotoxicity test. The data revealed a significant, positive association between this type of diabetes mellitus and HLA--Bw54 (Bw22-J, J-1) antigen (Japanese-specific split antigen of HLA--Bw22).

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Glomerular lesions in multiple myeloma.

An autopsy case of multiple myeloma (IgG, lambda type), clinically characterized by decreased glomerular filtration rate, is reported with particular emphasis on changes in the glomeruli of kidneys. Histologically, the glomeruli revealed slight increase in mesangial matrix and focal thickening of tuft capillary wall. Electron-microscopically, deposits were observed in a subendothelial location in the glomerular capillary walls, and inclusions were noted in the cytoplasm of the visceral epithelial cells. Histoimmunofluorescent study of the kidney demonstrated intense focal and slight diffuse positivity against labelled antisera of anti-IgG and anti-lambda type of light chain on the capillary wall of the glomerular tufts. Other immunoglobulins were not demonstrable in capillary walls. These findings represent the intraglomerular deposition of paraprotein of multiple myeloma without amyloidosis.

Humans↗