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Biomedical subjects

K Kosaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Kosaka.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Factor(s) responsible for the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of postmitotic granulocytes from normal individuals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Using postmitotic granulocytes (PMGs) with low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity (NAP activity), factor(s) having the capacity to increase their NAP activity were examined in vitro. A high activity of the factor was demonstrated in the cystic fluid of a human squamous cell carcinoma, which is known to produce a large amount of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The NAP-stimulating factor increased NAP values both in PMGs from normal bone marrow and PMGs from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and NAP values in cells treated with the factor approached or rose above those of normal peripheral granulocytes after 48 hr of culture. The effect of the factor was specific in that the factor caused stimulation only in granulocytic series. These findings may indicate that increases in NAP activity reflect maturation or granulocytes and that low NAP activity of neutrophils derived from patients with CML is due to the immaturity of these cells. The relationship between the factor responsible for the increase in NAP activity and GM-CSF is also discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

[Suspected cases of familial Alzheimer's disease-a case report and a study on aneuploidy in leukocytes (author's transl)].

Sibling cases of probable familial Alzheimer's disease were presented. Although familial occurence of Alzheimer's disease has been reported and relatively well known in the western literature, little attention has been paid to the matter in Japan. Some of the clinical features of our cases, for example, an earlier onset and focal neurological signs, are in good agreement with those of the previously reported cases of familial Alzheimer's disease. Possible involvement of vascular changes, such as amyloid or congophilic angiopathy was also suggested. An investigation for chromosomal abnormality in peripheral leukocytes from these patients, their healthy siblings and age-and sex-matched controls were carried out, revealing no significant differences in the frequencies of the hypo- or hyper- diploid cells among the three groups. Although chromosomal abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease, especially in its familial form, have gained considerable attention in relation to the dysfunction of the microtubules which is a proposed pathogenesis of the disease, the present results together with a few previously reported data 1,6,19) suggest that the familial Alzheimer's disease is not always accompanied with chromosomal abnormalities. Further extensive study is needed to clarify the precise relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the chromosomal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis of the skin (Kimura's disease): report of a case and review of the literature.

A 48-year-old male, who had been suffering from eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis of the skin (Kimura's disease) for six years, developed the nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed immunopathological and electron microscopic changes characteristic of membranous glomerulonephritis. A review of the literature disclosed a high frequency of renal involvement in Kimura's disease. Out of 175 reported cases of the disease, 21 (12%) were found to have proteinuria including 13 who had the nephrotic syndrome. Some of the patients were noticed to have proteinuria before the onset of the skin lesions, suggesting the existence of common etiological factor(s) capable of inducing both skin and kidney lesions.

Ear Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Familial plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. A new family with partial LCAT activity.

A 43-year-old woman and her 47-year-old brother were studied because of corneal opacity. They showed a marked decrease in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and a decrease in the ester ratio of plasma total cholesterol. Discoidal particles were found in the HDL2 fraction (d 1.063-1.125). A marked heterogeneity of low density lipoproteins was disclosed in both patients by electron microscopy. Apoprotein analysis revealed an increase in apo E and a decrease in apo A-I and A-II in both patients. These abnormalities were similar to the data reported in other cases with hereditary lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. However, several interesting dissimilarities have been disclosed as compared with the previously reported cases. Neither patient had proteinuria, and their kidney functions were within the normal limits. The ester ratios of plasma cholesterol of both patients were the highest among the cases reported thus far. Their plasma LCAT activities were 14.4 and 15% of the normal mean values determined by Glomset-Wright's common-substrate method. The enzyme activities determined by Stokke-Norum's self-substrate method were 40.2 and 29% respectively. These results may indicate that this inherited disorder is not characterized by absence of plasma LCAT or presence of inhibitory factors in plasma, but by the presence of partially inactive LCAT in patients' plasma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Amylase-producing lung cancer: case report and review of the literature.

A case of hyperamylasemia with lung cancer is described. Macroamylasemia was excluded by a normal amylase/creatinine clearance ratio and by a sedimentation constant obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Positive immunofluorescent staining of tumor cells with a specific antibody against human salivary amylase and significant amylase activity in the primary tumor and metastases support the hypothesis of independent production of amylase by the lung tumor. Cellulose--acetate membrane electrophoresis demonstrated three bands of amylase activity. The major component corresponded to normal salivary amylase in electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point and molecular size. The minor bands, one of which occupied about 10% of the total amylase activity in serum, urine and tissue homogenates, demonstrated a lower electrophoretic mobility and a more acidic isoelectric point. Gel filtration and electrophoresis disclosed that these minor bands were derived from an amylase isozyme with a larger molecular size than that of normal salivary amylase. The results suggest ectopic tumor production of heterogenous amylase isozymes, with the larger form being secreted into the circulation.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1981

Defective immune-adherence (C3b) receptor on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Erythrocytes from 56 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested for the immune-adherence (C3b) receptor reactivity for incubation with aggregated human gamma-globulin (AHG) in the presence of complement. The reactivity of the C3b receptors was expressed as the highest two-fold dilution of AHG that induced haemagglutination. Erythrocytes from 37 (66%) of the SLE patients failed to show any detectable reactivity with AHG, whereas the erythrocytes of only 1 of 51 normal controls matched for age and sex were found to be unreactive. The defect of the C3b receptor reactivity was persistent and could not be restored even after SLE patients had gone into remission with steroid therapy. Moreover, the defect was found frequently in the relatives of patients without detectable immune-adherence reactivity. Owing to its high prevalence and persistence in SLE, the defective erythrocyte C3b receptor may be a useful marker for identifying SLE patients and those predisposed to the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ascites chylomicron: a poor substrate for hepatic triglyceride lipase.

A patient with nephrotic syndrome and morbus Kimura (eosinophilic granuloma) showed chylous ascites. Ascites chylomicrons were analyzed and used to study the substrate specificity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase. Ascites triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were 191 and 12 mg/dl, respectively. Both apo CII and apo CIII content in ascites were approximately one-third of those of plasma from normal subjects. Ascites chylomicrons were incubated with either lipoprotein lipase or hepatic triglyceride lipase, which were prepared from postheparin plasma using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzed ascites chylomicrons, while hepatic triglyceride lipase did not. These results suggest different functions of these two lipases in chylomicron catabolism.

Ascites↗
PubMed1981

System degeneration of the thalamus. A clinico-neuropathological study.

A case of essential degeneration of the thalamus is reported. The patient was a 43-year-old Japanese male, who, a few weeks after mild head trauma, suffered from forgetfulness, psychomotor slowing, and Korsakoff's syndrome. Four to five months later, there were optical hallucinations and delirium and he died 19 months after the onset of symptoms. Neuropathological examination revealed symmetrical thalamic degeneration, whose distribution corresponded to phylogenetically younger subunits of the thalamus. In addition, there was olivovermian degeneration. These findings are identical to those of eleven cases hitherto reported. Five of these were Japanese, including the present one. The syndrome thalamic degeneration may now be classified as a special type of "system degeneration".

Adult↗