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Biomedical subjects

K Kosaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Kosaka.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Interrelationships of microangiopathy, plasma glucose and other risk factors in 3583 diabetic patients: a multinational study.

In a multinational study, fasting plasma glucose values in 3583 diabetic patients, aged 34-56 years, were related to the characteristics of these subjects and to the presence and severity of microangiopathy as ascertained by standardised methods. The patients were from nine different populations and ranged in number from 193 to 686 per population (London, Warsaw, Berlin (FRG), New Delhi, Tokyo, Havana, Oklahoma Indians, Arizona Pima Indians, and a national sample in Switzerland). In the total group, mean fasting plasma glucose was 8.1 mmol/l for those on diet alone, 9.7 mmol/l for those on oral agents, and 12.7 mmol/l for insulin-treated patients, of whom 25% had values exceeding 16.5 mmol/l. Since many variables were measured in each patient, it was possible to take into account many confounding factors in evaluating the relationship of plasma glucose levels to retinopathy and nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Entrapment of anti-DNA antibodies in the kidney of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Antibodies to single-stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) were determined in serum and urine of nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with heavy proteinuria (greater than 300 mg/dl), and the activity of anti-DNA antibodies was compared between paired serum and urine samples in each patient. The results were expressed by the anti-DNA activity (radioimmunoassay units per milliliter) divided by the concentration of IgG (milligrams per milliliter), so as to correct for the difference of IgG concentration. Anti-DNA was detected invariably in the serum of these patients (anti-ssDNA/IgG 4.8 to 27.2, anti-dsDNA 5.6 to 107.8). In contrast, anti-DNA activity was not detectable in urine samples from any of the nine patients. The urine samples from these patients, as well as those from normal individuals, were found to contain ssDNA at levels not significantly different from each other (0.25 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.07 microgram/mg creatinine, P greater than 0.1). The failure to detect anti-DNA in the urine of SLE patients, however, was not due to the ssDNA contained in the urine, because no anti-DNA activity was detected even after their urine samples had been digested with deoxyribonuclease. On the basis of these results, anti-DNA in the serum of SLE patients was considered to be entrapped in the kidney, probably owing to its binding with DNA deposited in their glomeruli.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma apolipoprotein E levels in hypertriglyceridemia.

A specific, precise and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of human apolipoprotein E (apo E) was developed. Antibody specific to apo E was raised in a rabbit. This antibody did not crossreact with plasma low density lipoproteins (d = 1.030-1.063) and apo-proteins such as pao CII, CIII, AI and AII. Mean plasma level with SD of apo E in 29 normalipidemic subjects was 9.5 +/- 1.8 mg/100 ml. Plasma apo E concentrations in 25 hypertriglyceridemic patients with plasma triglyceride concentrations ranging from 169 to 1190/mg/100 ml correlated positively with plasma triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001). Among subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, there was a negative correlation between the apo E per mg triglyceride ratio and plasma triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.49, p less than 0.02). Plasma apo E levels did not show any correlation with plasma cholesterol concentrations. These results indicate that plasma apo E is closely associated with plasma triglyceride levels, which suggests a possible connection of this apoprotein with the metabolism of plasma triglyceride.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pick's disease and head trauma.

This is a clinico-pathological study of the relationship between Pick's disease and head trauma. Seven of our autopsied cases with Pick's disease had clinical histories and/or neuropathological evidence of a head trauma. Two cases showed no pathological evidence of traumatic brain damage, although they had clinical histories of a head trauma. The other five cases had old contusions located chiefly on the frontal and temporal bases. As far as we know, there is no reported case of Pick's disease with old contusions in the literature. Therefore, our five cases are of great importance to the study of the relationship between Pick's atrophic processes and traumatic brain damage. The conclusion of our study is that traumatic brain damage involving the atrophy centers of Pick's disease or the adjacent regions could evoke or intensify Pick's atrophic processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An extensive primary myocardial fibrosis in progressive systemic sclerosis--a case report with autopsy findings.

An extensive myocardial fibrosis due to progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) was described in a 36-year-old normotensive woman without pulmonary hypertension. An electrocardiogram showed low voltage and a pseudo-infarctional pattern in leads V1 through V3. Right ventricular dilatation and generalized left ventricular hypokinesis were present, but her pulmonary artery pressure was normal. Serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated to 2305 U/L and CK-MB isoenzyme was as high as 7.1%. Simultaneously performed isoenzyme analysis of CK from the homogenate of the skeletal muscle of the patient showed a similar pattern, thus confirming that serum CK originated mainly from the skeletal muscle lesions. Autopsy findings demonstrated diffuse myocardial fibrosis and relatively unremarkable changes in the lungs and the kidneys. Our case serves as a warning that primary myocardial fibrosis could be, in some cases, so extensive that it might lead to a rapidly aggravated myocardial dysfunction and eventual death.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A follow-up study of plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity and diabetic retinopathy--observed for 2 years.

The correlation of Plasma beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity and the development of diabetic retinopathy was observed in 117 diabetic patients (male 52, female 65) who had been observed for 2 years. The plasma NAG activity was measured at least 3 times per year (6 approximately 9 times altogether). The eye-ground findings at the beginning of the study and 2 years later were studied according to Scott's classification. Forty-four percent (19 cases) of the 43 patients with higher NAG activity (greater than 525 nmole/h/ml) and 27% (20 cases) of the 74 patients with lower NAG activity (less than or equal to 525 mole/h/ml) showed a worsening of the eye findings (p greater than 0.05). The frequencies of patients showing a worsening of the eye findings in patients with higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) values (greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl) and in patients with lower FBG values (less than 140 mg/dl) were 45% (17 in 38 cases) and 28% (22 in 79 cases), respectively (p greater than 0.1). When the NAG activity and the FBG value were considered together, there were 16 patients with both higher FBG values or higher NAG activity, and 52 patients with both lower FBG values and lower NAG activity. The frequencies of the patients who had a worsening of the eye findings were 56% (9 cases), 37% (18 cases), and 23% (12 cases), respectively. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05). In the present study, the plasma NAG activity showed no relation to diabetic retinopathy, but the results suggest that the plasma enzyme estimation may add further information to the FBG value and so help in predicting the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1982

Finger tapping test as a means to differentiate olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy among spinocerebellar degenerations.

A finger tapping test in which the subject was requested to respond synchronously to the periodic sound signal was performed on 10 patients with OPCA, 10 other SCD and five suspected OPCA. The results indicated that the response of the patients with OPCA was specific among SCD. The response did not more synchronize to the signal above 2.5 Hz and a random mixture of two types of the response appeared with frequencies lower and higher than the signal. These delayed and hastened responses represented the characteristic response feature for the patients with SCD except OPCA and those with Parkinson's disease, respectively. Two types of the response were related to cerebellar lesions and to nigrostriatal lesions. The finger tapping test thus offers a useful means to differentiate OPCA among SCD.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of ipratropium bromide on the action of bronchoactive agents.

The effect of (8r)-3 alpha-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium-bromide-(+/-)-tropate (ipratropium bromide, Sch 1000), a newly developed anticholinergic agent, on the action of various bronchoactive agents was examined using isolated guinea pig strips. Ipratropium bromide has not only an anticholinergic effect but also has an attenuating one on the contractile responses induced by serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, histamine and bradykinin, and has a potentiating one on the relaxation responses induced by prostaglandin E2, isoprenaline and adrenaline. Ipratropium bromide could be a useful therapeutic agent for patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases.

Acetylcholine↗