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Biomedical subjects

K Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to K Kojima.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Non-decompression surgery for esophagogastric varices--indication and postoperative result of esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization and Hassab procedure].

A total of 548 patients had an non-decompression surgery for esophagogastric varices in our hospital, from September 1979 to August 1995. Type of operation includes 402 cases of esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization (via thoracic approach). 40 cases via abdominal approach, and 106 cases of Hassab procedure. The origin was cirrhosis in 454 patients, IPH in 46, extrahepatic portal occlusion in 29, primary biliary cirrhosis in 6, Budd-Chiari syndrome in 4 and others in 9. Operative mortality rate was less than 1% in child A group, although overall mortality rate including child B, C was 5.0%. By thoracic approach, residual esophageal varices were observed only in 2.5%. Postoperative variceal recurrence were appeared high in cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cumulative recurrence rates at 15 years after surgery were 20.2%, unless HCC had occurred. Cumulative survival rates at 10, 15 years were 52.1%, 45.6% respectively in liver cirrhosis without HCC. Present study confirmed that our operation is effective in controlling esophagogastric varices in long term of periods. Esophagogastric varices of IPH, EHO, and liver cirrhosis of Child A group should be treated by non-decompression surgery.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1996

Tracking of hypopharyngeal carcinoma over 10 years.

Between September 1981 and July 1991 we treated 27 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Almost all of the patients in the early stages received radiotherapy only, while patients in advanced stages received combination therapy involving chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy. Since 1987, chemotherapy has often been used to treat hypopharyngeal carcinoma in our department. Twelve patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and/or radiotherapy. The 3-year survival rate for patients in the advanced stage treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was 16.7% by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the 5-year survival rate of those treated without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was 45.8%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 37.0%.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Differential expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor during postnatal development of rat submandibular gland.

The concentration and the localization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of male Wistar rats of different ages (postnatal 0 to 10 weeks of age) were examined. Highest levels of TGF-alpha were seen early, at postnatal day 0; the levels dropped thereafter in an age-dependent manner, while EGF was not detectable before the third postnatal week. Immunoreactive localization of EGF was restricted to the granules of the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in the mature SMGs, whereas TGF-alpha was observed throughout postnatal development over the entire duct system. TGF-alpha was demonstrated in the cytoplasm at early stages when the GCT granules were not observed and was also located on the granules at the late stage, as was the case for EGF, indicating that TGF-alpha is colocated with EGF in the mature SMG. These results demonstrate the differences between the expression of TGF-alpha and that of EGF in the developing rat SMG.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

The relation of emotional behavior to plasma catecholamines, cortisol and ventricular arrhythmia.

Hypothalamic stimulation applied through chronically implanted electrodes elicits several kinds of emotional behavior in conscious cats. We chose 3 kinds of emotional behavior, i.e., restlessness, threat and searching-biting. Under lightly anesthetized condition, we examined the changes of E, NE, DA and cortisol levels in arterial plasma and the cardiovascular responses (changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and the occurrence of poststimulus ventricular arrhythmia) associated with electrical stimulation of specific sites within the hypothalamus. Both in restlessness and threat groups, elevation in systolic blood pressure was significantly greater and also the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and elevation in diastolic blood pressure tended to be greater than in the searching-biting group. Plasma E, NE, DA and cortisol increased significantly in restlessness and threat groups but remained unchanged in searching-biting and control groups. The ratios of changed values in catecholamines: delta E/delta NE, delta E/delta DA or delta NE/delta DA were not significantly different between any groups of emotional behavior. Furthermore, in the restlessness group, delta E, delta NE and delta DA all showed significant correlation with both the number of ventricular arrhythmia and changes of diastolic blood pressure; and the number of ventricular arrhythmia showed significant correlation with both the changes of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. None of these correlations was observed in the threat or searching-biting group. These results suggested that restlessness and threat behaviors were more closely related to stress response than searching-biting behavior in cats. The differences in the endocrine and cardiovascular responses between restlessness and threat behavior were also discussed in the paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in various U937 cell subclones with different susceptibility to HIV-1 infection: its dramatic decrease following persistent virus infection.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a nuclear enzyme, is suggested to be involved in apoptotic cell death. It is also known that apoptotic cell death following HIV-1 infection is the most important feature of AIDS pathogenesis. Thus, to evaluate the relations between the enzyme and HIV-1 infection, we examined the enzyme activity of several subclones of human promonocytic cell line U937, which showed different susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The nuclear extracts of two "high type clones" (possessing high susceptibility to HIV-1 infection) contained approximately 4 to 7-fold less enzyme than two low type clones when assayed under a full activation of enzyme. Parent clone, possessing an intermediate susceptibility to HIV-1, showed an intermediate enzyme level, suggesting that low level of this enzyme in cells is important for an effective infection of HIV-1. Furthermore, when these U937 subclones persistently infected with HIV-1 were examined, a dramatic decrease of the enzyme activity, reaching 2 to 16% of uninfected cells, was observed in all of these clones. The levels of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in these clones were relativity unchanged. Activity gel analysis and immunoblotting of the enzyme in the clones revealed that the low enzyme activities observed in uninfected "high type clones" and all HIV-1-infected clones were due to a marked decrease of the enzyme protein itself. All of these results suggest that HIV-1 infection involves some mechanism to downregulate cellular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and that a lower level of the enzyme may be essential for an effective production of the virus and/or for a stable virus/host interaction.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Selective removal of immunoglobulin E from rat blood by membrane-immobilized antibody.

We examined the suitability of an immunoaffinity membrane [rabbit IgG specific for rat immunoglobulin E (IgE) immobilized on a cellulose membrane] for removing IgE from rat blood passed through a simple extracorporeal circulatory system. To determine the concentration of IgE in the blood, we also developed a highly sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for rat IgE. The IgE levels in the outlet blood from the immunoaffinity membrane module decreased to 30% of the initial concentration within 30 min.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

HNK-1-reactive novel oligosaccharide, sulfate-O-3GlcA beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-(4-methylumbelliferone), synthesized by cultured human skin fibroblasts.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside (Xyl-MU) was added to the medium of cultured human skin fibroblasts. After incubation, the culture medium was pooled, and the Xyl-MU-induced oligosaccharides in the medium were purified by gel filtration chromatography. A novel Xyl-MU derivative was obtained, in addition to the previously reported Xyl-MU derivatives such as Gal-Gal-Xyl-MU, Gal-Xyl-MU, Sia-Gal-Xyl-MU, GlcA-Xyl-MU, and Xyl-Xyl-MU. The novel Xyl-MU derivative was purified using gel-filtration chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and then subjected to carbohydrate composition analysis, enzymic digestion, Smith degradation, and ion spray mass spectrometric analysis. The results indicated that it was sulfate-O-3GlcA beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-MU. The structure of the nonreducing terminal of this Xyl-MU-induced oligosaccharide was the same as that of the oligosaccharide chain of a human peripheral nerve-derived glycolipid, reactive with the mouse monoclonal antibody HNK-1, and this Xyl-MU-induced oligosaccharide also reacted with HNK-1. These results suggest that the oligosaccharide, which is structurally identical to that of human peripheral nerve-derived glycolipid synthesized by nervous tissue and related to cell adhesion, is synthesized also by mesenchymal cells.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

Preferential selection of VP7 gene from a parent rotavirus strain (SA11) in sequential passages after mixed infection with SA11 and SA11-human rotavirus single-VP7 gene-substitution reassortants.

We studied the competitive growth among SA11-L2(G3) and its single-human VP7 gene-substitution reassortants SA11-L2/KU-R1(G1) and SA11-L2/DS1-R1(G2), which have the genetic background of SA11-L2, during sequential passages after mixed infection. When the same infectious units (m.o.i. of 5 p.f.u./cell) of SA11-L2 and a reassortant SA11-L2/KU-R1 were inoculated onto and passaged in MA104 cells, 88% of the virus clones isolated from the culture fluid at the 3rd passage belonged to G3, and all the clones from the 10th passage had G3 specificity. Even when SA11-L2/KU-R1 with titer 10 times higher than that of SA11-L2 was used in the coinfection, the predominance of clones with G3-VP7 was observed. Although G2 clones slightly surpassed G1 clones in number in the mixed culture of SA11-L2/KU-R1 and SA11-L2/DS1-R1, G3 clones predominated in the virus progeny from a mixed culture infected with the same titers of SA11-L2, SA11-L2/KU-R1, and SA11-L2/DS1-R1. However, no significant difference in viral growth was detected among SA11-L2 and the two reassortants.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1995

Relation of emotional behaviors to urine catecholamines and cortisol.

We examined changes of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels in 24-h urine accompanying emotional behavior in cats such as restlessness, threat, and quiet biting attack elicited by electrical stimulation of specific sites within the hypothalamus. Although norepinephrine remained unchanged with restlessness but increased with threat, elevation of epinephrine and cortisol levels was common to restlessness and threat. No significant changes in these hormonal levels were seen with quiet biting attack and control. Therefore, it was suggested that emotional behaviors such as restlessness and threat are more closely related to emotional stress than quiet biting attack in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Anemia due to reduced serum erythropoietin concentration in non-uremic diabetic patients.

We encountered two patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) who developed normocytic normochromic anemia. Routine hematological examinations revealed no specific causes except for the reduced serum levels of erythropoietin. Since their renal functions were preserved, the anemias may not have been due to chronic renal failure. Treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) improved anemia, ascribing the cause of anemia to low levels of erythropoietin in these patients. Underlying common clinical features of the two patients were longstanding poorly controlled diabetes mellitus accompanied with advanced neuropathy. Since erythropoietin production is regulated in part by autonomic nervous system, the results suggest that erythropoietin production could be prematurely impaired in patients with severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Anemia↗
PubMed1995

Effects of 8-OH-DPAT on corticosterone after acute and chronic administration of antidepressants.

1. Serotonin has a facilitary role in the role of corticosterone secretion. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a selective 5-HT1A agonist, dose dependently (0.25- 1.0 mg/kg i.p.) increased rat plasma corticosterone concentration. 2. 3 days parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (150 mg/kg) administration did not effect the 8-OH-DPAT-induced corticosterone secretion. 3. Corticosterone responses to 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 mg/kg) were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with propranolol (5 mg/kg). Ketanserin (2 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg), prazosin (0.1 mg/kg), and ICS-205930 (30 mu/kg) failed to antagonize the corticosterone response to 8-OH-DPAT. 4. 8-OH-DPAT-induced corticosterone were investigated in male rats after treatment with mianserin (2, 10 mg/kg), imipramine (5 mg/kg), desipramine (5 mg/kg), doxepine (5 mg/kg) for 1 day or 3 weeks. Chronic mianserin (10 mg/kg) and doxepine (5 mg/kg) did significantly increase 8-OH-DPAT-induced corticosterone response. Acute antidepressant, chronic imipramine, desipramine and mianserin (2 mg/kg) treatment did not change it. 5. These findings demonstrate that chronic treatment of some antidepressants potentiates 8-OH-DPAT-induced increase in plasma corticosterone, by actions at 5-HT-1A receptors located postsynaptically on 5-HT neurones.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1995

Development of a new invasion and metastasis model of human oral squamous cell carcinomas.

A new model was devised in order to establish an in vivo model for oral carcinoma that exhibits significant local invasion and metastasis. One hundred and fifty-two nude mice had tumour cells from one of two established oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines (OSC-19 and OSC-20) implanted into the tongue or the oral floor via an intra-oral route and, as a control, the subcutaneous tissue of the back. The back tumours showed an expansive growth pattern, lacking significant invasion of surrounding tissues. In contrast, the tumours implanted into the tongue or the oral floor exhibited invasive growth and the histological appearance was similar to that of the original tumours. Moreover, regional neck lymph node and pulmonary metastases were observed in this model. Regional neck lymph node metastases were detected in 81.0% of mice implanted with OSC-19 cells and in 13.6% of mice implanted with OSC-20 cells. OSC-19 and OSC-20 cells showed pulmonary metastases in 9.5 and 9.1% of mice, respectively. These results suggest that this intra-oral implantation model is valuable in the study of the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of oral SCC.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Expression of endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in breast cancer.

This study performed immunohistochemical staining for human ET-1, utilizing avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex detection to examine 47 surgically resected primary breast cancers. Positive immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 19 of the 47 breast cancers (40.4%). There was no significant relationship between the expression of ET-1 and clinicopathological findings. A significant difference was found between ET-1 positive and negative groups in the incidence of recurrence and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly poorer in patients with ET-1-positive cancer (84.2%), compared to 96.4% in patients with ET-1 negative cancer (P < 0.01). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was significantly poorer in patients with ET-1-positive cancer (73.7%) compared to 96.4% in patients with ET-1-negative cancer (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the expression of ET-1 could be used as a possible indicator for predicting the metastatic potential of breast cancer.

Adult↗