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Biomedical subjects

K Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to K Kojima.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Nondefective rotavirus mutants with an NSP1 gene which has a deletion of 500 nucleotides, including a cysteine-rich zinc finger motif-encoding region (nucleotides 156 to 248), or which has a nonsense codon at nucleotides 153-155.

We isolated two nondefective bovine rotavirus mutants (A5-10 and A5-16 clones) which have nonsense mutations in the early portion of the open reading frame of the NSP1 gene. In the NSP1 gene (1,587 bases long) of A5-10, a nonsense codon is present at nucleotides 153 to 155 just upstream of the coding region (nucleotides 156 to 230) of a cysteine-rich Zn finger motif. A5-16 gene 5 (1,087 bases long) was found to have a large deletion of 500 bases corresponding to nucleotides 142 to 641 of a parent A5-10 NSP1 gene and to have a nonsense codon at nucleotides 183 to 185, which resulted from the deletion. Expression of gene 5-specific NSP1 could not be detected in MA-104 cells infected with the A5-10 or A5-16 clone or in an in vitro translation system using the plasmids with gene 5 cDNA from A5-10 or A5-16. Nevertheless, both A5-10 and A5-16 replicated well in cultured cells, although the plaque size of A5-16 was extremely small.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Cerebral vasospastic vessels: histologic changes after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

PURPOSE: To investigate histologic changes before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in experimental cerebral vasospasm in comparison with normal vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In seven monkeys, vasospasm was induced in the subarachnoid space. After 7 days, PTA was performed. Microscopic studies were performed in vasospastic vessels. In two animals, vasospasm was induced but angioplasty was not performed. The controls were two animals without vasospasm who underwent only contralateral angioplasty. RESULTS: Angiography after vasospasm revealed marked narrowing but dilatation after PTA, without changes in distal spastic vessels. Specimens after PTA showed platelets that covered denuded endothelium, stretching, and focal dehiscence of internal elastic lamina and altered myocytes in media. Myocytes were deformed and arranged irregularly. These changes were not uniform. CONCLUSION: The prolonged effect of PTA may be caused by mechanical damage of myocytes and the nonuniformity of histologic changes in vascular walls.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis and testosterone 5 alpha-reductase-inhibitory activity of 4-aza-5 alpha-androstane-17-carboxamide compound with an aromatic moiety in the C-17 carbamoyl group.

A series of 4-aza-5 alpha-androstane compounds with one or two aromatic moieties in the carbamoyl group at the C-17 position were synthesized and their inhibitory activities for rat and human prostatic testosterone 5 alpha-reductase were tested in vitro. Compounds with one aromatic moiety in the carbamoyl group showed high inhibitory activity for rat 5 alpha-reductase, but little for human prostatic 5 alpha-reductase. On the other hand, compounds with two aromatic moieties had potent inhibitory activities for both rat and human 5 alpha-reductase. The structural requirements for potent inhibition for both enzymes are discussed in relation to the spatial arrangement of the C-17 carbamoyl group.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1996

Triterpene saponins from Tetrapanax papyriferum K. Koch.

Four new oleanane-type saponins, papyrioside LA--LD, were isolated from the leaves of Tetrapanax papyriferum. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated as 11 alpha-hydroxy-3,21-dioxo-olean-12-en-28-oyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosy l- (1-->4)-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)- beta-D-glucopyranoside, 11 alpha-methoxy-3,21-dioxo-olean-12-en-28-oyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosy l- (1-->4)-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)- beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3 alpha-hydroxy-11 alpha-methoxy-21-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -->4)- (6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 21 alpha-hydroxy-11 alpha-methoxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oyl-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)- beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Insulin and cardiovascular diseases in Japanese work-site population with borderline to mild hypertension.

To clarify whether significant interrelations between hyperinsulinemia and cardiovascular diseases exist in Japanese, we analyzed serum insulin levels, fasting and after oral glucose load, in relation to blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in 584 male employees of a railroad company with borderline to mild hypertension (age: 49 +/- 7 years, BP: 139 +/-13/90 +/- 8 mmHg, body mass index: BMI 24.0 +/- 2.8, mean +/- SD). Those who were taking antihypertensive drugs and/or hypoglycemic agents were excluded. The subjects were classified into five groups of comparable size according to sigma IRI (area composed by insulin levels at 0, 1, 2 hours post glucose load). Although averaged age, levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c were not significantly different among quintiles, the hyperinsulinemic groups had higher levels of fasting IRI and sigma glucose. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sigma IRI was associated positively with BMI, sigma glucose, systolic BP, total cholesterol, and negatively with HDL-cholesterol. During 7-year follow-up 7 cases with MI and 15 cases with stroke were registered. The subjects with MI, but not with stroke were involved in higher deciles of insulin levels. These results indicate that the insulin resistance syndrome exists in Japanese middle-aged men with borderline to mild hypertension. The association with cardiovascular morbid events appeared to be evident in coronary heart disease but not in cerebrovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A case of traumatic neuroma of the gallbladder in the absence of previous surgery and cholelithiasis.

We experienced a patient with traumatic neuroma of the gallbladder with no history of gallbladder surgery or cholelithiasis. A 74-year-old man was referred to our department after a gallbladder tumor was incidentally discovered during a preoperative screening examination for prostate hypertrophy. Ultrasonography, MRI, CT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed a protuberant lesion of the gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted but adhesion between the liver and duodenum forced us to convert to open laparotomy. Cholecystectomy and adjacent liver tissue resection was performed. Diagnosis was made by frozen histology during operation. It revealed no malignancy. Postoperative pathological examination revealed traumatic neuroma associated with inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of gallbladder neuroma without a history of gallstones or surgery in the English and Japanese literature since 1980. This traumatic neuroma should be considered in a differential diagnosis in treating gallbladder neoplasm, even in the absence of an operative history or cholelithiasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Correlation of histology and dynamic MR imaging (MRI) of intracranial meningiomas with a 0.5 tesla MR system.

In 33 histologically verified intracranial meningiomas, the correlation between the pattern of the time-signal intensity curve (TIC) from dynamic MR imaging and the histological subtypes were studied. The patterns of TIC for meningiomas were classified into two types: type A with a steep rise to a peak within a short time; type B with a slow rise to a peak followed by a plateau. Of the 16 meningiomas of the meningothelial types, 14 (87%) were type A on the TIC. On the contrary, all of the fibroblastic meningiomas were type B. The others had an almost equal distribution between the two types. These results indicate that dynamic MRI does not always have a predictive value for the histological subtype of an intracranial meningioma or for the histological architecture of the meningothelial or fibroblastic components.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with atypical intrasellar and juxtasellar lesions--two case reports.

Two patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) who had atypical lesions in the intrasellar and juxtasellar regions are reported. They manifested with painful ophthalmoplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) commonly showed an increase in the volume of the cavernous sinus occupied by homogeneously well-enhanced lesions in both cases. These lesions extended to the intrasellar and juxtasellar regions with meningela enhancement. Follow-up MRI after steroid treatment demonstrated normalized or decreased size of the cavernous sinus. These findings suggested nonspecific inflammatory granulomatosis with atypical extension.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of Ki67 antigen using MIB1 antibody as a prognostic factor in renal pelvic and ureteral cancer].

(PURPOSE). Recently, several reports showed that immunohistochemistry using MIB-1 antibody, which recognizes Ki-67 antigen, is one of the useful methods to determine the proliferative activity in various cancer. To evaluate the prognostic usefulness of the MIB-1, antibody we assessed the cell proliferation immunohistochemically in urothelial cancer. (METHODS). The proliferative activity of thirty cases of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer has been investigated immunohistochemically using MIB-1 antibody, which recognizes Ki-67 antigen, a human nuclear antigen expressed in proliferating cells. (RESULTS). The Ki-67 index correlated with prognostic factors such as pathological stage and histological grade. The patients with early stage or low grade tumors had lower Ki-67 indices. And the Ki-67 index significantly correlated with recurrence and prognosis. The tumors of patients with recurrence or cancer death had higher Ki-67 indices. When the patients were suggrouped according to Ki-67 indices (more than 22%) had significantly worse prognosis even in the same grade. Especially in the grade 2 group, all the four patients in the higher Ki-67 index subgroup had recurred and died of cancer, whereas, in the subgrouped patients with tumors of lower Ki-67 indices, only three patients had bladder cancer recurrence, and no patients had died of cancer, except one case with advanced tumor (T4, N3, M0) resected incompletely. (CONCLUSIONS). These results indicate that the Ki-67 index is a useful prognostic factor and may enhance the prognostic accuracy determined by conventional morphological grading systems.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Low-dose melphalan for treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Twenty-one consecutive patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) including six with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and 15 with RAEB in transformation (RAEBt) were treated with daily oral low-dose melphalan (2 mg/day). Seven patients achieved complete remission (CR), one patient partial response, and four minor response while the remaining eight did not respond. The median age of the patients was 65 (range 56-83 years). The mean total amount of melphalan given was 140+/-19 mg in patients who achieved CR. The median duration of CR was 14.5 months. Serious toxicity was not encountered in any of the cases. Neither marrow suppression nor pancytopenia was observed during the administration of melphalan in patients who achieved CR. The clinical features of CR patients included normal karyotype and hypocellular marrow in biopsied specimen from the lilac bone. These observations suggest that melphalan may exert some differentiation effects on leukemic cells in addition to cytotoxic effects. Our study indicates that daily administration of low-dose melphalan is worth trying in the treatment of elderly patients with high-risk MDS.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case of nonresectable advanced gastric cancer responding to combined chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR, CDDP, and MMC].

A 39-year-old man was referred for epigastric fullness and a mass in the umbilical region. A giant mass was palpated in the epigastric region, while a mass 1 cm in diameter with a hemorrhagic tendency was felt in the umbilical region. Fluoroscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and gastroscopy revealed a Borrmann 3 tumor in the upper part of the gastric corpus. The tumor was found by CT scanning to be growing clearly across the wall of the stomach, and the invasion to the transverse colon was suspected by the enema. The tumor was unresectable because of the extensive tumor invasion of the abdominal wall. Therefore, the patient received 2 courses of combined chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR, CDDP, and MMC. As a result, the tumor in the epigastric region was reduced dramatically, and it became unpalpable 6 months after treatment. At the same time, the tumor in the umbilical region disappeared. Both CT scanning and upper gastrointestinal radiography disclosed tumor reduction, and sufficient oral ingestion became possible. The administration of 5'-DFUR has since been continued as maintenance therapy. Aside from transient anorexia and slight leukopenia, the patient developed no symptoms during the treatment period. At present. 2 years and 9 months after starting chemotherapy, the patient is in good health.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Portal embolization using lipiodol-gelatin sponge].

Gelatin sponge moistened with lipiodol was prepared for use in portal embolization to improve percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization as preoperative management of patients undergoing extensive liver resection. For one sheet of gelatin sponge (20 x 60 x 7mm)0.5ml of lipiodol was used. Five sheets cut to 2mm square pieces and mixed with physiological saline solution were injected into the right portal vein. This embolic material proved safer and more reliable than gelatin sponge mixed with water-soluble contrast medium, because it provided sufficient opacification to grasp the extent of embolization and prevented back flow.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1996

[Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting as multiple intrapulmonary metastases with thin-walled cavities].

A 63-year-old woman complaining of a non-productive cough was referred to our hospital. A chest X-ray film and computed tomographic scan showed a large mass in the S9 region of the right lung, and many intrapulmonary nodules with thin-walled cavities. A transbronchial biopsy specimen revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of bronchial gland origin. By the end of four cycles of chemotherapy with vindesine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin, the primary mass had markedly regressed, the many metastases had disappeared, and a few bullous lesions remained. On the second admission, many intrapulmonary metastases and cavities were seen again. Although some of the cavities may have been associated with regrowth of residual cancer cells around the remaining bullae, some nodules showed newly-developed thin-walled cavities, and in others bullous lesions developed again. These observations indicate that a check valve mechanism may operate in the formation of the thin-walled cavities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Cytokine production-suppressive effect by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a protein which is necessary for proliferation and differentiation of monocyte-macrophage precursor cells. We examined the effect of M-CSF on the cytokine production using BCG sensitized mice in vivo. On Day 0, BCG 1 mg/mouse was injected via the tail vein. Starting from Day 2, M-CSF 30 mu g/mouse (1 X 10(8) U/mg) was injected every 2 days for a total of six times (Day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12). On Day 14. LPS 25 mu g/mouse was injected via the tail vein, and Interferon (IFN)/Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in serum were determined. The productions of IFN and TNF-alpha were suppressed significantly. These cytokine production-suppressive effects of M-CSF were found also in the in vitro experimental system using spleen cells collected. On Day 14, spleen cells were collected and adjusted to 5 X 10(6) cells/ml. 20 micro-grams of LPS was added to 2ml of spleen cells and they were incubated in a C02 incubator for 24 hours. IFN and TNF-alpha in the supernatant were determined. In the experiment using nude mice, the cytokine suppressive effect of M-CSF was not observed. MLR test was performed with spleen cells of C57BL/6 treated with M-CSF as the responder cells, and spleen cells of C3H were treated with mitomycin C as the stimulator cells. MLR was suppressed significantly by administration of M-CSF. These results might possibly reflect the actual effect of M-CSF in the living body, and the T-cell and cellular immunity might be concerned with the mechanism of the cytokine production-suppressive effect of M-CSF.

Animals↗