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Biomedical subjects

K Kitani

Publications and source records attributed to K Kitani.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Electric convulsive therapy (ECT) increases plasma and red blood cell haloperidol neuroleptic activities.

In nine schizophrenic patients (five males and four females) on haloperidol treatment, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) haloperidol neuroleptic activities were measured before and after ECT by radioreceptor assay. Five patients randomly selected from these patients also served as controls on another occasion and neuroleptic activities in plasma and RBC were examined before and after the premedication only. All patients given ECT showed a considerable increase in plasma and RBC haloperidol neuroleptic activities after ECT (% increase in plasma neuroleptic activity, 28-409%; mean + SD, 136 +/- 155%, P less than 0.005, Wilcoxon test; % increase in RBC neuroleptic activity, 11-121%; mean + SD, 59 +/- 40%, P less than 0.005). However, no significant increase was observed for either plasma or RBC haloperidol neuroleptic activity, when patients were examined after premedication only. It was suggested that ECT induced a transient redistribution of haloperidol. It remains to be studied whether this phenomenon is causally related to the previous observation that the combination therapy of ECT and neuroleptics is more effective in the treatment of schizophrenia than ECT alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Glycoursodeoxycholate is as effective as tauroursodeoxycholate in preventing the taurocholate-induced cholestasis in the rat.

A combined infusion of taurocholate (TC) and glycoursodeoxycholate (GU) resulted in a longer choleretic period and a significantly higher excretion of TC compared with the infusion of TC alone, as has been previously observed for the combined infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate (TU) and TC in the rat. It was concluded that GU is as effective as TU in preventing TC induced cholestasis in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Interactions between different bile salts in the biliary excretion of the rat.

In rats the simultaneous infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate and taurocholate resulted in a longer choleretic condition with higher total bile salt and taurocholate excretion rates as compared to taurocholate infusion alone. A similar but weaker response was observed when taurodehydrocholate was simultaneously infused instead of tauroursodeoxycholate. The taurolithocholate induced cholestasis was most markedly prevented when taurocholate, rather than tauroursodeoxycholate, was simultaneously infused. It was suggested that the effect of tauroursodeoxycholate on the biliary excretion of taurocholate appears to differ from that of taurocholate on taurolithocholate excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tauroursodeoxycholate prevents taurocholate induced cholestasis.

The nature of transport pathway(s) for the biliary excretion of taurocholate and tauroursodeoxycholate was examined by comparing the biliary transport maximum (Tm) value for taurocholate during the infusion of taurocholate alone with that of taurocholate combined with tauroursodeoxycholate. The combined infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate resulted in an appreciable excretion of tauroursodeoxycholate while the excretion rate of taurocholate was not reduced in comparison with the Tm value of taurocholate alone. Furthermore, the Tm state of taurocholate was maintained for a much longer period with the simultaneous infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate than by the infusion of taurocholate alone. The cholestasis usually produced by the excess infusion of taurocholate was also prevented when tauroursodeoxycholate was simultaneously infused. Since plasma taurocholate concentration was not significantly different from the two rat groups, the results suggest the presence of the facilitative interaction of tauroursodeoxycholate with the taurocholate excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of age on the biliary excretion of digitoxin and its metabolites in female BN/Bi rats.

The biliary excretion of digitoxin (Dt3) and its metabolites was studied in female BN/Bi rats of different ages ranging from 3 to 30 mth. The disappearance of radioactivity from plasma after an i.v. injection of [3H]Dt3 (0.01 mg/100 g body weight) gradually slowed as rat age advanced. The 2-h biliary recovery of radioactivity (percent of the dose) also showed an age-dependent decrease resulting in a 43% decrease at 30 mth compared to the 3-mth-old value. The amount of unchanged Dt3 in the bile, which was about 20% of the total activity in the bile of 3-mth-old rats, did not decrease with age, while the excretion of various Dt3 metabolites all decreased with age. It is suggested that the capacity of the liver to metabolize Dt3 is decreased with age in female BN/Bi rats, which may cause an alteration in the Dt3 pharmacokinetics with age.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Biliary excretion of digitoxin and its metabolites in young and old male Wistar rats.

The biliary excretion of digitoxin (Dt3) and its metabolites were compared between young (3-month-old) and old (25-month-old) male Wistar rats after an iv injection of [3H]Dt3 (0.03 mg/100g body weight) for 2 hrs. The 2-hr. total biliary recovery of iv injected radioactivity (percent of the dose) was two times lower in old rats (7.40 +/- 1.36% mean +/- SD) compared with young rats (14.74 +/- 4.10%). This difference was primarily due to the decrease in the excretion of Dt3 metabolites in the bile, while the excretion of the parent drug, Dt3 was 1.3 times higher in old rats. Among various Dt3 metabolites in the bile, digitoxigenin bis-digitoxoside (Dt2), digoxigen bis-digitoxoside (Dg2), and polar (conjugated) metabolites were major components, which all decreased with age. In accord with the decreased excretion of the radioactivity in the bile of old rats, the plasma disappearance of radioactivity was generally slower in old animals compared with young ones, yielding significantly higher plasma levels at different times of observation. Despite the increase in plasma radioactivity, the radioactivity concentration in the liver 2 hrs. after the injection was almost equal between the two age groups. It is suggested that at least in this rat strain and sex the biliary excretion of Dt3 metabolites was markedly age-dependent, presumably due to the decreased capacity of the liver to biotransform Dt3 with age. Furthermore, the lower liver plasma radioactivity ratio in old animals suggested the possibility that the distribution of Dt3 in the liver may also decrease with age.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Effect of spironolactone on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase and azoreductase activities.

Spironolactone pretreatment (10mg/100g, twice daily for 4 days, orally) caused a significant decrease in cytochrome P-450 levels in the liver microsomes in female rats but male rats were unaffected. NADH oxidase activity was significantly decreased in both sexes by this pretreatment but NADPH oxidase and NADH cytochrome C reductase activities were not altered. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was increased more markedly in female rats. Despite the decrease in P-450 levels, aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was increased in female rats, while it remained unchanged in males. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity was markedly increased in male and slightly decreased in female rats. The azoreductase activity was slightly reduced in treated male rats and remained unaltered in female rats when it was expressed in activity per mg microsomal protein, but the activity did show a significant increase in female rats when it was expressed as a P-450 specific rate. Sex associated differences in the effect of spironolactone on the rat liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system demonstrated in the present study cannot be simply explained by the previously reported effect on adrenal and testicular steroids in male rats. It also seems unlikely that these effects were caused by an alteration in P-450 quality by selective destruction of certain species of P-450.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1981

The effect of aging on the hepatic metabolism of sulfo-bromophthalein in BN/Bi female and WAG/Rij male and female rats.

The effect of aging on sulfobromophthalein (BSP) metabolism was studied in three groups of rats-BN/Bi female and WAG/Rij male and female rats-of different ages ranging from 3 to 30 months. Under Nembutal anesthesia, BSP biliary transport maximum (Tm) and relative storage capacity (S) were determined by a single infusion rate method by directly determining Tm from bile samples collected through a common bile duct cannula. Tm values expressed as micrograms of BSP per min per g of liver were highest in the youngest rate (3-month-old) as compared with the older rats (12-, 24-, 30-month-old) for all three rat groups. Tm gradually decreased as age increased and at the age of 24 or 30 months reached a value of 66 - 70% of the highest values for 3-month-old rats. The percentage of conjugated BSP in the bile measured during the Tm period remained essentially unchanged with age in all three rat groups. S values, expressed as mg of BSP stored per mg or BSP per ml of plasma per g of liver, remained unchanged (BN/Bi female) or even increased (WAG/Rij male and female) with age. As a consequence, S values expressed per rat were higher in older age groups than in the youngest one for all three rat groups. In contrast with previous reports by other authors on man and rats, the BSP Tm appears to decrease with age regardless of rat and sex, while S does not show such a decrease.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

The effect of bucolome on the blood circulation of splanchnic organs in rats with and without pentobarbitone anesthesia.

Using carbonized microspheres, either 15 microns or 50 microns in diameter and labeled with 85Sr, 51Cr or 141Ce, the effect of bucolome (1-cyclohexyl-5-n-butyl-2-, 4, 6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent and potent choleretic, on the splanchnic blood circulation was studied in rats with and without pentobarbitone sodium anesthesia. Pentobarbitone sodium caused a significant increase in the distribution of cardiac output in the major splanchnic organs, in particular in the small and large intestines. An i.p. injection of bucolome (20 mg/100 g) produced a significant increase in the cardiac output distribution in the small intestine, and a significant decrease in the pancreatic fraction in both rat groups with and without pentobarbitone anesthesia, in spite of the large increase in the base-line values caused by anesthesia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1981

The effect of bucolome on the biliary excretion of colchicine in the rat.

The biliary excretion of intravenously administered [14C]-colchicine was compared for 2 hr between control rats and rats treated with bucolome (5-n-butyl-1-cyclohexyl-2,4,6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine, 200 mg/kg, i.p.). In the first 10-min period after colchicine injection, the bile flow rate was 70 percent higher (p less than 0.01) in bucolome treated rats than in control rats. The bile flow rate in bucolome treated rats gradually decreased and 1 hr later, the difference between control and bucolome treated rats was no longer significant (p greater than 0.05). The percent of the administered colchicine dose recovered in the first 2 hr in bucolome treated rats given an i.v. injection of 70 or 700 micrograms/kg colchicine was significantly higher than in control rats. The difference was primarily due to the higher excretion rate in the former group in the first 10-min period. When the biliary radioactivity was examined by thin layer chromatography, it was found that the excretion of free colchicine was significantly increased in bucolome treated rats which accounted for the observed increase in the biliary excretion of radioactivity in bucolome treated rats. It was concluded that bucolome is effective in increasing the biliary excretion of free colchicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cross reactivity of schistosome antigens between Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum.

Fifty six patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica were given skin tests with preparations made of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. There was a high, significant positive correlation between the results of both antigens. Among 47 serum samples tested with indirect hemagglutination (IHA) 27 had the antibody titer 1:16 or higher, which was diagnostically significant in combination with positive skin test results. The results indicate a definite cross reactivity of japonicum and mansoni anitgens in patients with Schistosomiasis japonica.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Lung uptake to technetium-99m microaggregated human albumin in the rat after treatment with microaggregated human albumin or macroaggregated human albumin.

Marked accumulation in lung and liver of intravenously--injected 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin (liver imaging agent) was observed in rats pretreated with the subcutaneous injection of microaggregated or macroaggregated human serum albumin, whereas accumulation of 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin was observed only in the liver of rats pretreated with plain human serum albumin or in non-treated control rats. The activity of the intravenously-administered 99mTc-sulfur colloid was concentrated in the liver and spleen only and not in the lung, of rats previously treated with human serum albumin, microaggregated human serum albumin, or macroaggregated human serum albumin. These observations suggest that the specific accumulation of microaggregated human serum albumin in the lung of rats pretreated with aggregated albumin is due to rapid in vivo clumping of injected particles, possibly due to antigen-antibody reaction.

Animals↗