Sigmoidoscopy with a spray of 0.1% indigocarmine was performed on 20 patients with Crohn's disease whose main lesions were located proximal to the transverse colon and on 10 age-matched healthy volunteers. Minute lesions such as apthoid lesions, areas of erythema, and small ulcers were found in 90% of patients with Crohn's disease and in 0% of healthy volunteers (p less than 0.001). Among the minute lesions, aphthoid lesions were found in the highest incidence (85%). It was difficult to determine the presence of aphthoid lesions without the spray of indigocarmine, which facilitated detection. Histologically, granulomas were found in 15% of patients with Crohn's disease. Aphthoid lesions were not associated with superficial erosions and lymphoid follicles. The presence of aphthoid lesions in the rectum and sigmoid colon would be a strong indication of the presence of Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical detection of retinal cones in monkey retina: light and electron microscopic study.

PURPOSE: Retinal cones have wave-length-specific visual pigments. To identify subclasses of cones, opsin-specific antibodies were previously established for the immunohistochemical studies of frozen sections. In this study, we produced retinal cone antibodies and examined (1) the specificity of these antibodies with Western blot analysis, (2) the application of these antibodies to paraffin-embedded monkey retinal sections, and (3) the use of these antibodies in light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical analyses of the localization of retinal cones. METHODS: The N-terminal peptide of blue opsin, and the C-terminal peptide of green/red opsin were used as immunogens in New Zealand White rabbits. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the ABC method and immunogold method. As antigen retrieval treatment, paraffin-embedded cynomolgus monkey retinas were subjected to enzyme and microwave treatment. RESULTS: Both anti-red/green and anti-blue cone opsin antibodies detected 40 kDa native cone opsins in crude retina extract. The red/green and blue cone opsin immunostaining after trypsin treatment revealed that a positive signal was observed in the cone outer segment. Immunogold labeling also showed that gold particles were concentrated on the cone outer segment. CONCLUSION: In the antigen retrieval method, trypsin treatment is the appropriate method to obtain optimal staining of paraffin sections of retina. Using this method, retinal cone in conserved old paraffin sections can be identified immunohistochemically.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Marine animal biosynthetic constituents for cancer chemotherapy.

A fifteen year investigation of marine animal components as sources for new and potentially useful cancer chemotherapeutic drugs has led to our discovery of a number of such valuable substance. The especially productive Indian Ocean sea hare Dolabella auricularia has yielded (100 kg leads to or approximately 1 mg each) a series of very potent cell growth inhibitory substances designated dolastatins 1-9. The first member of this new series, dolastatin 1, may represent the most potent anticancer agent so far uncovered with, e.g., a curative response (33%) using a dose of 11 microgram/kg (T/C 240, to T/C 139 at 1.37 microgram/kg) in the National Cancer Institute's murine B16 melanoma. Structural elucidation of the new antineoplastic agents is underway, and recent progress is illustrated with peptide dolastatin 3 (P388 ED 50 2.7 x 10(-7) microgram/ml).

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Optical coherence tomography in enhanced S-cone syndrome: large macular retinoschisis with disorganized retinal lamination.

PURPOSE: The authors previously reported clinical and molecular features of a boy (at age 17) with enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) who had bilateral cystoid maculopathies. The purpose of the current study was to describe the patient's optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. METHODS: OCT was performed when the patient was 23 years old. RESULTS: OCT images revealed formations of single large hyporeflective cystic spaces in the cystoid maculopathies of both eyes. The cystic spaces were much larger than those of previously reported cases. In the temporal region of each cystic space, symmetric disorganized retinal lamination was observed with the retina lacking well-defined and hyporeflective bands of the inner nuclear layer and the outer nuclear layer, which are seen in normal retina. Splitting in the retinal thickness was at the level of the outer retinal layer rather than at the inner retinal layer in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Splitting is likely to occur close to the outer plexiform layer in which the cleavage plane of familial juvenile retinoschisis is identified. The unique OCT manifestation of symmetric large macular retinoschisis with disorganized retinal lamination may indicate a severe form of ESCS.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of Trk tyrosine kinase receptor is a biologic marker for cell proliferation and perineural invasion of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a widely known severe malignancy with a poor prognosis. Perineural invasion extending to the extra-pancreatic nerve plexus, a significant concern in the treatment is frequently present in this cancer. We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3) and the cognate receptors, Trk tyrosine kinase receptor family (TrkA, B, C) and p75NGFR in 28 surgically resected PDAC specimens. A comparative study between several clinicopathologic factors and Trk receptors revealed a significant correlation between increased expression of TrkA and cancer proliferation, as well as TrkC and cancer invasion, including venous and perineural invasion. The present findings revealed a novel mechanism in PDAC progression that is mediated via a NTs-Trk interaction.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Resin pattern material with low polymerization shrinkage.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a material with low polymerization shrinkage for resin patterns to improve the fit of a long superstructure to implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three different chemical substances were added at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 20 wt% to the liquid component of a self-curing acrylic resin. Specimens for measuring shrinkage during self curing were prepared in a metal mold that took the form of a conical cavity with slightly tapered walls. The specimens were prepared using three different methods: (1) a brush-on technique, (2) an injection method, and (3) an injection-press method. The percentage of linear shrinkage was calculated from the protrusion of the specimen from the bottom of the cavity. RESULTS: The injection-press method and the brush-on method gave the lowest polymerization shrinkage results (P < 0.05). The standard deviation of the former method was smaller than that of the latter. The linear shrinkage in the injection-press method decreased with the increase of the powder-to-liquid ratio (P < 0.05). All three additives reduced shrinkage to about 1/3 of the shrinkage of the basic resin using the injection-press method and a 2.00:1.00 powder-to-liquid ratio. CONCLUSION: The addition of three different chemical substances to liquid reduces linear shrinkage to about 1/3 of the shrinkage of the original self-curing acrylic resin.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Transfection of "Mycobacterium phlei".

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Culture Media↗