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Biomedical subjects

K Kin

Publications and source records attributed to K Kin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cellular cooperation in lymphocyte activation. III. B-cell helper effect in the enhancement of T-cell response.

T and B cells were purified from human tonsil and peripheral blood by the removal of phagocytic cells, followed by filtration through a nylon fiber column (NC) and E-rosette formation. Purified T and B cells contained less than 1% of other cell types. The responses of T cells to concanavalin A (Con A) and soluble protein A were greatly enhanced in the presence of autologous B cells. Participation of B cells in T-cell enhancement was confirmed by the following observations: (a) purified B copulation, which was separated further from adherent B cells, retained its enhancing activity. (b) Another adherent cell-free B-cell preparation, which was purified from the NC-passed fraction, and (c) no T lymphoid but some B lymphoid cell lines, elicited strong T-cell enhancement. It was also found that the enhancing capacity of B cells required no metabolic activity, but rather an intact cell form and direct cell-to-cell contact with responding cells. The stimulatory determinants on B cells were resistant to trypsin and neuraminidase treatment. In this paper a hypothesis will be presented that at least two signals are prerequisite for the effective activation of T cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Human IgA1 half-molecules: clinical and immunologic features in a patient with multiple myeloma.

Abnormal IgA1 half-molecules consisting of one heavy and one light chain were found in a patient (N.N.) with typical multiple myeloma. The serum and the urine of this patient contained both 7.0S and 3.9S IgA myeloma proteins. The IgA half-molecules (3.9S) were found to have a molecular weight of 59,000 daltons and were composed of one alpha1 chain of about 40,000 daltons and one light chain of 22,000 daltons. Furthermore, enzymatic degradation suggested that the alpha chain of the N.N. half-molecules had a large deletion in its Fc portion. We suggest that its heavy and light chains were probably bound noncovalently, since the interchains connecting the heavy and light chains of these IgA half-molecules were easily dissociated with 1% SDS and 8 M urea. Cytologic studies identified at least two types of myeloma cells, and it is possible that half-molecule IgA production might result from mutation among the myeloma cells producing whole-molecule IgA.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

beta2-Microglobulin production by highly purified human T and B lymphocytes in cell culture stimulated with various mitogens.

This study attempts to evaluate beta2-microglobulin production by highly purified (greater than 98%) peripheral and tonsil T and B lymphocytes cultured with various mitogens. beta2-Microglobulin was measured by the radioimmunoassay method. It was found that PHA and Con A markedly stimulated beta2-microglobulin production in cultures of T but not B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes were greatly activated, on the other hand, by Staphylococcus aureau Cowan I organisms cSpA), though the level of beta2-microglobulin production was less than that observed in PHA- and Con A-stimulated T lymphocytes. PWM only slightly increased beta2-microglobulin production of T lymphocytes, although the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine was highly enhanced. The highest level of beta2-microglobulin obtained with PHA or Con A was observed when the T/B lymphocyte ratio was between 90/10 and 80/20. These results lead to the conclusion that: (1) SpA is a specific mitogen for B lymphocytes, and its mitogenicity is independent of the presence of T lymphocytes, while PHA, Con A, and PWM are ineffective as stimulants of B lymphocytes; (2) the beta2-microglobulin producing ability of B lymphocytes is less than that of T lymphocytes, even when the lymphocytes are markedly activated; (3) the beta2-microglobulin production and DNA synthesis by T lymphocytes is markedly enhanced by the helper effect of B lymphocytes; (4) the level of beta2-microglobulin production reflects lymphocyte activation, especially in T lymphocytes stimulated with PHA or Con A.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Cellular cooperation in lymphocyte activation. II. Cooperative response of human peripheral T and B lymphocytes to rabbit anti-human beta 2-microglobulin.

In the present study we attempted to clarify the effects of anti-beta 2-microglobulin (a-beta 2m) on lymphocyte activation. Neither a-beta 2m IgG fraction nor F(ab')2 had a mitogenic effect on either highly purified T or B lymphocytes alone, while their mitogenic effect was observed when T and B lymphocytes were appropriately reconstituted. When T lymphocytes were reconstituted with mitomycin C (MMC) treated B lymphocytes, a negligible decrease in the response to a-beta 2m was observed compared to the response of an untreated mixture to a-beta 2m. On the other hand, when B lymphocytes were reconstituted with MMC-treated T lymphocytes, the response was markedly diminished. It was found, moreover, that the response of T lymphocytes separated by a semipermeable membrane from MMC-treated B lymphocytes was not enhanced, while a mixture of T and MMC-treated B lymphocytes in the same chamber showed a marked response. These results lead to the conclusion that the cells responding to a-beta 2m are mainly T lymphocytes whose response is strongly enhanced by B lymphocytes, and that for the mitogenic effect of a-beta 2m direct cell-to-cell interaction between T and B lymphocytes is necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Synthesis and secretion of alpha 1-microglobulin by human lymphocytes.

alpha 1-Microglobulin (alpha 1-m) was purified by column chromatography from a supernatant fluid of cultured T and B lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens. This protein had a molecular weight of 33,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, migrated in the alpha 1-region on immunoelectrophoresis and proved immunologically identical to alpha 1-m which had been purified from the urine of patients with renal tubular disorders. Using indirect immunofluorescence, alpha 1-m was detected on the surface of both T and B lymphocytes, displaying the same intensity on each cell type. These findings indicate that alpha 1-m is actively produced and secreted by T and B lymphocytes.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1977

Beta2-microglobulin levels of serum and ascites in malignant diseases.

Serum beta2-microglobulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with various malignant neoplasms, ascitic patients, and also patients with definite or suspected hepatoma showing variable levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin levels greater than 2.5 mg/liter were found in various malignant neoplasms, especially in multiple myeloma (66.6%) and hepatoma (60.4%) The ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in the patients with malignant ascites is significantly higher than in those with non-malignant ascites. However, ascites/serum ratios of total protein, IgG, albumin, creatinine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Levels of serum beta2-microglobulin were correlated well with those of alpha-fetoprotein in the patients with definite or suspected hepatoma (r=0.72, P less than 0.001). From these results it was concluded that (1) high levels of serum beta2-microglobulin in these patients could be attributed to its hyperproduction by tumor cells or by the cells which had been infiltrated and activated, (2) it is useful to estimate the ascites/serum ratio of beta2-microglobulin levels in differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites, and (3) it might suggest that a function of beta2-microglobulin is in some way related to that of alpha-fetoprotein, and the alpha-fetoprotein-synthesizing cells secrete a great deal of beta2-microglobulin, although its function remains unclear.

Adult↗