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Biomedical subjects

K Kikuchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Kikuchi.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Tissue-specific expression of mRNA in mouse lymphocytes detected by v-fos but not by human c-fos DNA probes.

Transcription of the c-fos gene is known to be induced transiently by many types of cellular stimuli in various cultured cell lines; however, several authors have reported that the c-fos gene is constitutively transcribed in lymphoid cells. We detected, in fact, abundant transcripts which hybridized with a v-fos DNA probe in nuclear run-off transcripts and poly(A)+ RNA of both quiescent mouse splenic lymphocytes and unstimulated monocytic tumor cell lines. However, human c-fos cDNA did not hybridize with most of these transcripts. No signal was detected by v-fos probe in nuclear run-off transcripts of 3T3 fibroblasts, and c-fos was inducible in both the 3T3 cells and the monocytic tumor cell lines. In quiescent lymphocytes, only the 0.3 kb HincII-PvuII portion of v-fos DNA, which contains a repeat of CAAAA, hybridized with these transcripts; neither other parts of v-fos nor human c-fos DNAs did. These results suggest that a significant portion of the previously reported 'constitutive' transcripts detected by v-fos DNA in lymphocytes and monocytes are not transcripts of c-fos but of other sequences which are specifically expressed in lymphoid cells and have homology with the 0.3 kb HincII-PvuII fragment of v-fos.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Neurohypophyseal function of an ectopic posterior lobe in patients with growth hormone deficiency.

We studied the neurohypophyseal function of 20 patients with complete GH deficiency owing to pituitary stalk transection by means of the water deprivation and the hypertonic saline infusion test. In T1-weighted magnetic resonance images, high-signal intensity of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis was missing in all the patients. An ectopic posterior lobe was observed at the proximal stump of the transected stalk in 17 patients, whereas the 3 patients without ectopic posterior lobe had overt diabetes insipidus or intractable nocturnal enuresis. After water deprivation, 3 patients with large ectopic posterior lobes (length along the pituitary stalk axis exceeding 5 mm) showed urinary osmolality and plasma AVP levels as high as those of 13 patients with partial GH deficiency in whom magnetic resonance images revealed no abnormalities. On the other hand, 14 patients with small ectopic posterior lobes (length less than 5 mm) showed significantly lower urinary osmolality and plasma AVP levels than the patients with large ectopic posterior lobes (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively) and the patients with partial GH deficiency (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). Urinary osmolality in the patients with small ectopic posterior lobes, however, was higher than that in 3 patients without ectopic posterior lobes (p less than 0.01). During the hypertonic saline infusion test, peak plasma AVP levels in the patients with small ectopic posterior lobes were significantly lower than those in the patients with partial GH deficiency (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of protein phosphatases associated with the particulate fraction from rat liver.

Protein phosphatases associated with the particulate fraction from rat liver were studied by chromatographing the fraction on a DEAE-cellulose column and assaying the eluate with phosphorylase alpha and glycogen synthase D as substrates. Phosphorylase phosphatase activity emerged as two peaks, termed P-1 and P-2 in order of elution, both of which were inhibited by Mn2+ and Mg2+. P-1 and P-2 were Mr = 50,000 and 32,000 proteins, respectively, and when treated with trypsin, P-1 converted to a form indistinguishable from P-2, to which protein phosphatase inhibitor-2 was a potent inhibitor. Thus P-2 appears to be the catalytic subunit of type-1 protein phosphatase even though it has been degrated proteolytically as evidenced by its relatively low Mr. The elution profile of glycogen synthase phosphatase activity was entirely different. The activity obtained with 5 mM Mn2+ resolved into three peaks, the second-migrating M-2 being the largest. M-2 is an Mr = 70,000 protein; but an attempt to purify it has been unsuccessful giving a product of Mr = 40,000 and closely similar to the type-1 catalytic subunit in properties including inhibition by inhibitor-2. These results suggest that phosphatases P-1 and M-2 have a common catalytic subunit (type-1), which is bound to different "regulatory" subunits. M-2 distributes in glycogen particles and microsomes evenly while P-1 is almost exclusively in microsomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Control of ventilation and aerobic work capacity in elite climbers].

Hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured in elite male climbers (Clim.: n = 4) and physically active controls (Con.: n = 8). Although mean value of S, an index of HCVR, showed almost the same values in both groups (Clim.: 2.26 +/- 0.62 vs. Con.: 1.85 +/- 0.58 l.min-1.Torr-1), mean value of A, an index of HVR, was significantly higher in climbers than controls (Clim.: 237.8 +/- 109.2 vs. Con.: 111.3 +/- 62.0 l.min-1.Torr-1). Mean value of VO2max in climbers was not different from that in controls (Clim.: 49.3 +/- 2.9 vs. Con.: 47.5 +/- 5.7 ml.kg-1.min-1). These results demonstrate that elite climbers are characterized by their enhanced ventilatory response to hypoxia rather than prominency in aerobic work capacity. It is speculated that enhanced HVR in climbers makes compensation for decreased VO2max at high altitude. The enhanced HVR in elite climbers who have ordinary values in VO2max may be one of factors in their successful performance at extreme altitude.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Trigeminal neuralgia associated with posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm fed by the same artery. Case report].

A 45-year-old male was admitted for evaluation of left facial pain of 11-years' duration. Fifteen years prior to admission, he had had an episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurological examination revealed no definite abnormalities except for trigeminal neuralgia involving the left second division of the nerve. Computed tomography scan showed an irregular enhanced lesion involving the lateral aspect of the left cerebellar hemisphere. Vertebral angiograms revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) fed by both the dilated left anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA) and superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) and draining into the superior petrosal and transverse sinuses via three enlarged draining veins. A saccular aneurysm was incidentally visualized at the proximal portion of the dilated AICA. The AVM was successfully extirpated through the left retromastoid craniectomy. The trigeminal nerve was directly compressed both rostrally and caudally at its entry zone by two dilated feeding arteries of the SCA and the AICA. The aneurysm was simultaneously obliterated. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the excruciating facial pain completely subsided. Postoperative angiograms confirmed disappearance of both the AVM and the aneurysm. Posterior fossa AVMs causing trigeminal neuralgia in the literature are reviewed, and the association of the AVM and the aneurysm in the posterior fossa is also discussed.

Arteries↗
PubMed1990

[Quantitative analysis of glia in the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves].

Human normal vestibulocochlear and facial nerve trunks were cut off near the brain stem of the individuals who ages ranged from 24 to 93 years old. For this study, the discriminative staining method (Luxol fast blue--periodic acid-Shiff--hematoxylin triple stain) was adopted. It is admitted that the vestibulocochlear nerve medial to the internal auditory canal histologically resembles to the central nervous system in the rat. In order to confirm the fact in human, the intervening glial cells among nerve fibers were observed in the transverse section of vestibulocochlear and facial nerves. Schwann cells and microglia were observed among nerve fibers, but oligodendroglia. And the number of the glia was counted. The glial ratios related to the transverse nerve areas and the number of axons were calculated, and were examined in relation to aging. We found that there were more Schwann cells than microglia on both vestibulocochlear and facial nerves, facial nerve had more Schwann cells than vestibulocochlear nerve, and the number of Schwann cells per single myelinated fiber increased with age in the facial nerve. A quantitative study has not been included in the literature on the number of glia in the peripheral nervous system. Then, a quantitative study of human normal glial may be essential to elucidate pathogenesis regarding peripheral neuropathies, nerve injury or nerve sheath tumors as distinguished from the normal aging process.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment with UFT as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoma of large intestine. Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer in Japan].

The therapeutic results of the method II of the second study of the Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer in Japan were retrospectively reviewed and the relations of the 3-year survival rate to the dose of UFT per body weight as well as per kg of the patient and discontinuation of the treatment with UFT were investigated. The dose per day of UFT was randomly divided into group C (treated with UFT 600 mg/body/day) and group D (treated with UFT 400 mg/body/day for 12 months) by the envelope method. The 3-year survival rate of the patients whose body weight was 50 kg or more was higher than in the patients weighting less than 50 kg. The 3-survival rate of the patients treated with UFT from 8 to less than 12 mg/kg was the highest, while that of the patients treated with UFT of more than 12 mg/kg was the lowest. However, no statistical difference was observed between the two groups. The same results were observed in carcinoma of the colon and rectum, respectively. The findings indicated that the administration of excess amount of UFT was not effective. The relation between the 3-year survival rate and discontinuation of treatment with UFT was investigated at 6, 9 and 12 months after administration with UFT. The prognostic background factors of the C-group and the D-group were compared, but no difference was observed between the 2 groups at 9 months after administration. The 3-year survival rate of the patients treated continuously with UFT was higher than that of discontinued administration. The difference was especially evident in carcinoma of the colon, and good results were observed in cases treated continuously than in discontinued cases in both C- and D-groups.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[Neurofibroma originated from the intrathoracic vagal nerve in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease--a case report].

A neurofibroma originated from the intrathoracic vagal nerve was presented. A 26-year-old male was found to have an abnormal shadow in the right chest filed on a routine examination. He was complicated with Von Recklinghausen's disease and showed multiple "cafe au lait" spots over his extremities and trunk but no subcutaneous mass. A block resection of the mass was carried for the mediastinal tumor. The tumor was arising from the right intrathoracic vagal nerve which located just below the origin of recurrent nerve and was measured 3 X 3 X 6 cm. Histological examination of the specimen revealed neurofibroma. His postoperative course was uneventful. A brief review in Japan was made on 22 cases collected from the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hypoplasia of tooth in children with inborn errors of metabolism].

For the investigation of the clinical dental manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism, the oral examination of twenty one children aged from 5 months to 15 years 5 months was performed at the pediatric clinic of inborn errors of metabolism. The results were as follows: 1. In six of seven histidinemia patients, white spots, pit or hypoplasia of enamel, fused teeth, peg teeth or abnormal tubercles were observed. 2. In a patient with GM1-gangliosidosis, the upper and lower central incisors had severe white spots. 3. In one patient with osteopetrosis, one of two glycogenosis type IX and one of two homocystinuria patients, white spots or hypoplasia of enamel were observed. 4. One patient with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant ricket, one with vitamin D-dependent ricket type II and one with galactosemia patient had no enamel hypoplasia. It was strongly suggested that there is a specific relationship of histidinemia and GM1-gangliosidosis to dental manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Randomized controlled study on chemotherapy with 5-FD, ADM plus CDDP in advanced gastric carcinoma].

The clinical effects of combination chemotherapy with 5-FU, ADM plus CDDP for advanced carcinoma of the stomach were evaluated in a prospective randomized and controlled study. Seventy-seven patients from 18 major hospitals were randomly divided into A group and B group using the envelope method. A group was treated with protocol I (5-FU 270-300 mg/m2 iv from the 1st day to the 5th day and ADM 25 mg/m2 iv on the 5th day), and B group was treated with protocol II (5-FU, ADM plus CDDP 70 mg/m2 iv on the 1st day). These protocols were repeated every 3 weeks and repeated 3 courses in principle. Thirty-three cases from A group and 32 cases from B group were available for evaluation. The prognostic factors were compared between A and B group. No difference could be observed between the two groups. No cases from A group were interpreted as PR, while 6 cases (19%) from B group were recognized on PR after 3 courses. The response rate of the overall 19 cases from A group was 0%, while that of the overall 18 cases from B group was 33%. The statistical difference was observed between the two groups. However, no significant difference for the 50% survival time was observed between the two groups. One patient showing PR survived for 28 months. Gastrointestinal disturbances were observed in 60% and leukopenia plus thrombocytopenia in 40% of each group. Frequency and grade of the side effects were not significantly different between A and B group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cellular mechanisms of tumor rejection in rats.

The mechanisms of tumor rejection by cell-mediated immunity were reviewed in a rat autochthonous and syngeneic tumor-host system. The immune system could mediate a complete regression of autochthonous tumor if the tumor cells were immunogenic. Neutrophils and macrophages first appeared following transplantation of autochthonous tumor. Lymphocytes increased in the tumor tissue as the tumor began to show regression. Degenerated tumor tissue was infiltrated by macrophages and plasma cells. The identification of rat hematopoietic cells including various subsets of lymphocytes and inflammatory cells became possible owing to a variety of monoclonal antibodies reacting with these cells. Major populations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were found to be R1-3B3 (CD5)- and R1-10B5 (CD8)-positive cells in methylcholanthrene-induced autochthonous tumor. These CD5- and CD8-positive lymphocytes were also recognized in an N-nitrosourea-induced syngeneic tumor-host system and actually showed specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro. Macrophages were recognized in tumor tissues more predominantly in the early and terminal phase of tumor rejection; their functions are still uncertain but they are considered to have important immunomodulatory effects. A variety of cytokines were thought to play an important role in augmenting host immunity to achieve tumor rejection. Neutrophils in the tumor tissue were shown to produce a factor attracting lymphocytes to the tumor site, which was designated as lymphocyte migration factor. Subsequently, activities of colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-1, -2, and -3, and cytotoxic-T-cell-generating factor (CGF), which induces final maturation of cytotoxic T cells, were detected at the tumor site as well as in the regional lymph nodes and the spleen. CGF was found to be produced by W3/25 (CD4)-positive T cells. Lymphocytes residing in the spleen of the immune rats did not show cytotoxic activity against tumor cells but significant tumor lysis activity was recognized with TIL. This suggests that lymphocytes may achieve maturation after they leave the spleen. Cellular reactions occurring at the tumor site were enhanced at each step by various cytokines produced by lymphocytes as well as by inflammatory cells. This cytokine cascade seems to be essential for obtaining a sufficient immune response for tumor rejection. When an established T9 subcutaneous tumor with a diameter of 10 mm was treated by intratumoral infusion of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, the tumor showed complete regression after 2-3 weeks of transient growing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with antiribosomal P protein antibody.

Three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had positive antiribosomal P protein antibodies. The patients are women who had mild diseases that did not involve prominent internal organs. By using an immunofluorescence method for the detection fo antinuclear antibodies that employs HEp-2 cells, these serum samples produced intense stainings on cytoplasm and nucleoli that were digested with RNase. With the use of an immunoblotting technique, these serum samples recognized three ribosomal P proteins, called PO (38 kd), P1 (19 kd), and P2 (17 kd). We suggest that antiribosomal P protein antibodies can be detected in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associated mild clinical features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The correlations of respiratory function tests, chest roentgenographic manifestations and respiratory symptoms in the patients with systemic sclerosis, using a scoring-method for symptoms].

Analytical studies were performed on the respiratory symptoms in 31 systemic sclerosis cases. Respiratory symptoms were expressed by scores from 1) coughs, 2) difficulties in walking, 3) difficulties in ascending, 4) dyspnea . In early stage cases with slight clinical symptoms, %VC was always normal, but %DLco was generally reduced. Because of good correlation between respiratory functions and clinical symptom scores, it is available to use the scores as well as %DLLco and %VC to diagnose slight lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. Also the clinical symptom scores are related to the roentgenographic manifestations of lung fibrosis which are characteristic in systemic sclerosis. Therefore we felt that this system of clinical symptom scores was useful to follow-up the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

MRSA meningitis in postoperative patients. Report of 4 cases.

Four cases of postoperative meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are reported together with a review of the literature. These 4 cases were treated successfully by intravenous administration of minomycin, fosfomycin, and cefmetazole. Factors associated with the development of meningitis included multiple craniotomies, the presence of ventricular drainage or a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Development of multiple necrotizing enteritis induced by a tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in rats.

We report the development of an animal model of multiple necrotizing enteritis (MNE) in rats. When rats were injected directly with a culture supernatant of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages into the abdominal aorta, the overt pathologic lesions of MNE developed within 30 minutes after injection. The rats showed an elevated level of blood fibrinogen degradation product content even 30 minutes after injection. Furthermore the rats that were pretreated intravenously with heparin sulfate did not develop MNE, indicating the acute disturbances of blood microcirculation in the intestine. Multiple necrotizing enteritis was developed also by the injection with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) but rarely was observed with even a high dose of recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1) or platelet-activating factor (PAF). The supernatant was cytotoxic in vitro to TNF-susceptible LM and many other cells but was less cytotoxic to the TNF-resistant LR line. Partial purification of the supernatant suggested that the supernatant contained a cytokine that has biochemical features of TNF. Furthermore polyclonal anti-TNF antibody could inhibit not only the cytotoxicity in vitro but also MNE development in vivo by this factor. These data strongly indicate that MNE possibly could be caused by a TNF-like cytokine produced by macrophages that are stimulated by the endotoxin.

Animals↗