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Biomedical subjects

K Kawata

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawata.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Clinical results of cefaclor treatment of infections of oral regions].

Cefaclor (CCL) is a cephem antibiotic for oral use. Thirty cases of infection of oral regions, in the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, the University of Tokushima, were treated with CCL at 750 mg/day. The results were as follows: The efficacy rate for all kinds of diseases was 80.0% in 3 days and 96.7% in 5 days and 86.7% as an overall assessment by the patients' doctors. With regard to the degree of symptoms, the efficacy rate for cases with moderate symptoms was less than that for mild cases in 3 days and according to the assessment by the patients' doctors. Some moderate cases required increased medication because no beneficial effect was observed. In sensitivity tests, CCL was shown to be effective on all 27 isolated clones of bacteria tested. CCL caused no detectable changes in laboratory data. No side effects were observed in any case. From these results, it is concluded that CCL is a highly effective antibiotic for use on infections of the oral regions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Improvement of first-service pregnancy rate in cows with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog.

The effect of an intramuscular injection of a new analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), fertirelin, on the first-service pregnancy rate in cows was investigated by a double blind experiment. A total of 1,194 cows was injected intramuscularly either with 100 mug of GnRH or placebo (physiological saline solution) at the time of first insemination postpartum. Pregnancy rate (number of cows calved/ number of cows serviced) was 57.2 % in 605 cows treated with GnRH, while the performance was 49.7 % in 589 cows of the placebo group. The difference of pregnancy rates in both groups was significant (P<0.05). GnRH injected at insemination was effective, especially in cows at the first and third lactations, cows at 101 days postpartum or later, cows with daily milk yield of 26-30 kg, and also in cows from the area where a regional average fertility was relatively low.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Ischemic enterocolitis without arterio-occlusive lesion.

Four cases of ischemic enterocolitis without arterio-occlusive lesion were described. Three cases were associated with sigmoid colon carcinomas. Ischemic lesions developed anal to the carcinomas in two cases, and oral to sigmoidostomy to relieve intestinal obstruction by carcinoma in one case. One other case was associated with inguinal hernia. Grossly, ischemic lesions involved relatively short intestinal segments, and the ischemic colonic lesions were not related to teniae coli. Extensive veno-occlusive lesions were discovered in a case of ischemic stricture of the ileum, which had been incarcerated in the right inguinal hernia. Reversible mechanical occlusion of the intestinal vessels caused by transient or recurrent intestinal strangulation is the most probable cause of these ischemic lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Annular ulcer of the stagnant ileum. A clinicopathological study on the morphogenesis.

Four cases of chronic annular ulcers of the stagnant ileum were described. The ulcers developed at the necks of the distended oral blind loops formed by side-to-side intestinal anastomoses in 3 cases and orally to the site of ileal stenosis by a congenital mesodiverticular band in one case. All ulcers were shallow and characterized by desmoplastic reaction and extensive veno-occlusive lesions. Arterio-occlusive lesions were sparse except for the youngest case. Intestinal ischemia caused by transient or recurrent ileal intussusception is the possible cause of these ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Kinetics of virus inactivation by ammonia.

Ammonia has been shown to be virucidal in sludge and NH(4)Cl solutions, although the rates at which viruses are inactivated have not been thoroughly studied. In the present studies, the kinetics of the poliovirus type 1 (strain CHAT) and bacteriophage f2 inactivation were examined in such a way that the effects of OH(-) and NH(4) (+) could be separated from those of NH(3). Purified virus stocks were placed into solutions of NH(4)Cl and control solutions containing an equivalent concentration of NaCl and incubated at 20 degrees C. The percentage of virus surviving was calculated, and the kinetics were evaluated by constructing semilogarithmic plots of data. At all pH values and NH(3) concentrations studied, the kinetics of the inactivation of both viruses were pseudo-first order. OH(-) had no measurable effect on the viruses, whereas the effects of NH(4) (+) and Na(+) were similar. A dose-response relationship between NH(3) and the viruses was also found. Bacteriophage f2 was approximately 4.5 times more resistant to the effects of NH(3) than was poliovirus.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1983

Effect of heat on virus inactivation by ammonia.

The rate of inactivation of bacteriophage f2 and poliovirus 1 (CHAT) by NH3 was strongly influenced by temperature. The process was pseudo-first order at all temperatures and NH3 concentrations. Poliovirus was inactivated at a greater rate than f2, but the change in the rate of inactivation with increasing temperature in the range of approximately 10 to 40 degrees C was greater for f2 than for poliovirus. At higher temperatures, the rate of change was greater for poliovirus. Arrhenius plots of the data were biphasic, indicating that two inactivation processes were occurring, one for the low temperature range and another for the high temperature range. However, the magnitudes of the thermodynamic variables for f2 were low enough, as calculated for the low (10 to 35 degrees C) and high (35 to 60 degrees C) phases, that inactivation could have occurred by breakage of nucleic acid chains. For poliovirus, the sizes indicated possible involvement of nucleic acid at the low temperatures (10 to 40 degrees C) but some unknown mechanism for the high temperatures (40 and 50 degrees C).

Ammonia↗
PubMed1983

Use of milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay for differential diagnosis of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum in cows.

In 160 cows with ovarian cysts as determined by rectal palpation, differentiation was made of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum on the basis of milk progesterone concentrations estimated by an enzyme immunoassay before and at 10 days after cows were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Cows having a progesterone concentration in skim milk less than 1.0 ng/ml were considered to have follicular cysts and those with concentrations of 1.0 ng/ml or higher were regarded as the cases of luteal cyst or cystic corpus luteum. Luteal cyst was characterized by progesterone values remaining high in the cows for 10 days after treatment, and cystic corpus luteum was characterized by a decrease in progesterone concentration after cows were treated. By the rectal palpation procedure it was impossible to differentiate luteal cyst and cystic corpus luteum from follicular cyst. The frequencies of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum were 65%, 19%, and 16%, respectively. Of 104 cows with follicular cysts as defined by milk progesterone assay result, 73 (70%) responded to the treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the milk progesterone concentration increasing from 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) to 1.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml. The accuracy of rectal palpation 10 days after treatment for judgment of luteinization of follicular cyst confirmed by milk progesterone analysis was only 30% (48 cows of 160).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

An enzyme immunoassay of estrone in swine serum.

An enzyme immunoassay for estrone in swine serum was established. For this, beta-galactosidase from E. coli was conjugated through estrone-17 (O-carboxymethyl)oxime using a mixed anhydride reaction. The percentage of immunoreactive estrone-17 (O-carboxymethyl)oxime-beta-galactosidase conjugate was estimated to be about 70%. The recovery rate of estrone (25-500 pg) added to 0.05 ml of swine serum averaged 91.4%. The sensitivity of the present enzyme immunoassay was 5 pg/tube. The coefficients of variation (CV) were 5.9-8.2% (within assays) and 4.1-5.9% (between assays), respectively. Estrone values determined by the present enzyme immunoassay were highly correlated with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.99, P less than 0.005). This method of enzyme immunoassay was determined to be suitable for the routine assay of serum estrone.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Use of milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows.

An enzyme immunoassay using beta-galactosidase as the tracer was applied to determine milk progesterone level in cows. The novel method was reliable and practicable and required only a spectrophotometer and a centrifuge as major equipment. The milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay successfully diagnosed early pregnancy in cows. Milk samples were collected from 268 Holstein-Friesian cows in commercial dairy herds on 20, 21 or 22 days(usually 21 days) after insemination. Progesterone level in skim milk higher than 1.0 ng/ml indi-cated pregnancy. Pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation on 60 to 120 days after insemination. The accuracy of the milk progesterone test was 60.0 % (132 220 ) for a positive diagnosis and 100 % (48 48 ) for a negative result. A high incidence of embryonic death, 27.9 % (51 183 ), may have reduced accuracy for a positive test result. The enzyme immunoassay may be an alternative to radioimmunoassay in milk progesterone analysis for pregnancy diagnosis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Double antibody enzyme immunoassay of cortisol in bovine plasma.

A double antibody enzyme immunoassay of plasma cortisol was established using beta-galactosidase from E. coli as the tracer. Cortisol-21-hemisuccinate was conjugated with beta-galactosidase using a water-soluble carbodiimide. An antibody raised in the rabbit against cortisol-21-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin was used as the first antibody and anti-rabbit gamma-globulin goat serum was used as the second. The sensitivity of the present enzyme immunoassay was 25 pg/tube. The method satisfied general reliability criteria regarding specificity, accuracy and precision. Plasma cortisol levels estimated by the enzyme immunoassay was highly correlated (r = 0.99, P less than 0.005) with the levels measured by radioimmunoassay. This method of enzyme immunoassay was found to be of practical application to the routine assay of plasma cortisol.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

Effects of a systematic application of human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and bovine anterior pituitary gonadotropin in cows with cystic ovarian disease.

Fourty-one cows with ovarian follicular cysts (cysts) diagnosed by rectal palpation and observation of estrus behavior were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with 20,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Ten days after this treatment all the cows were examined per rectum for changes in the ovaries with special regard to luteinization of cysts. Cows not responding to HCG were administered 500(10)mug of an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH), Des-Gly-LH-RH-ethylamide, i.m.. If the cysts remained unchanged 10 days subsequent to the second treatment, a third treatment, 400 KE of bovine anterior pituitary gonadotropin (APG), was given i.m. HCG was clinically effective in only 8 cows (20 %). All of the 8 cows conceived. Of 33 cows not responding to HCG, 18 cows (55 %) responded to Gn-RH analog and 12 cows (36 %) conceived. Eleven (73 %) of 15 cows failing to respond to Gn-RH analog were successfully treated with APG and 6 cows (40 %) conceived. In 37 cases, treatment effects were also evaluated by determining serum levels of progesterone prior to and 10 days subsequent to each treatment. When effects of treatment were judged by 1.0 ng/ml or more increase of serum progesterone levels 10 days after treatment, HCG was effective in 13 of 37 cows (35 %), retreatment with Gn-RH analog was successful in 8 of 16 cows (50 %) and APG was ineffective in 3 cows not responding to both HCG and Gn-RH analog. It may be concluded that the therapeutic effect of HCG is disappointing and about half of the cases not responding to HCG were successfully treated with Gn-RH analog. If the cows did not respond to both HCG and Gn-RH analog, they may not respond to APG either.

Journal Article↗