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Biomedical subjects

K Kawabe

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawabe.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Randomized cross-over study on the effects of methylprednisolone, metoclopramide and droperidol on the control of nausea and vomiting associated with cis-platinum chemotherapy].

A randomized cross-over study on the effects of methylprednisolone (MP), metoclopramide (MT) and droperidol (DP) on the control of nausea and vomiting associated with cis-platinum chemotherapy was performed. Sixty-three patients were entered into the study; 60 patients (21 treated with MP, 18 with MT and 21 with DP) were eligible for evaluation of antiemetic efficacy, whereas the side effects of these drugs were evaluated in all of the 63 patients. Out of the above 60 patients, 36 were entered into the cross-over treatment. Antiemetic efficacy was evaluated in terms of duration of nausea, duration of vomiting, frequency of vomiting, duration of inability to take food and the amount of food first taken after cis-platinum treatment. Generally, the MP-treated group of patients showed favorable effects in these points, MP being especially more effective than other drugs with a statistically significant difference for the control of nausea and disturbed intake of food during the first 24 hours after the treatment with CDDP. Anticipatory nausea and vomiting were not observed in this study. Side-effects were minimal and all of the patients except one, who showed severe diarrhea following administration of MT and could not tolerate the treatment thereafter, were safely treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Synchronously diagnosed and treated triple cancer (rectum-ureter-prostate)].

A 63-year-old man was admitted for examination of a rectal tumor. A stony hard nodule was palpated in his swollen prostate by rectal examination. The biopsies proved rectal and prostate carcinoma. Transabdominal echogram and DIP showed left hydronephrosis. Left ureteral cancer was suggested by the typical "goblet sign" with retrograde ureterography. Rectal lower anterior resection, left total nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy, castration and pelvic lymphadenectomy were undertaken synchronously. The pathohistological diagnosis was triple cancer consisting of rectal mucotubular adenocarcinoma, prostatic carcinoma and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. The diagnosis and treatment of the triple cancer were discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in renal function on response to rapid administration of cisplatinum].

Seven patients with urologic carcinomas were examined for changes in renal function as a result of administration of Cisplatinum (CDDP) at a high rate of 50 or 100 mg/m2 within 5 hours, superimposing 2 liters of fluid before and after the CDDP dose, and the results were compared with the pretreatment values. Renal function tests revealed that BUN was elevated to 20 mg/dl or more in 5 but not beyond 30 mg/dl in any of the patients, that serum creatinine was elevated to 1.4 mg/dl or more in 3 cases with a maximum of 1.5 mg/dl, and that Ccr was decreased to less than 70% of the pretreatment value in 3 patients. These manifestations of imparied renal function were all transient and reversible, being mostly restored to the pretreatment values during or within 1 month after the end of CDDP treatment, and did not necessitate the discontinuation of the treatment in any patients. The above findings proved the rapid infusion of CDDP to be as safe in terms of renal function as prolonged, continued i.v. infusion of the drug, which would these fore make CDDP treatment of outpatients possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Inverted papilloma: observation with scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Three cases of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic observation was made in one of these. The surfaces of the outer-most tumour cells were covered with short stubby microvilli. Multiple bud like proliferations of the tumour cells were compatible with a trabecular type of inverted papilloma. The tumour cells of the trabeculum mimicked the intermediate and basal cells of the epithelium which covered the surface. Microcysts are believed to be formed by epithelial migration into pits, creating an epithelial inversion, and do not represent central necrosis. Ultrastructure suggests that inverted papilloma is a very well differentiated tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A pharmacological study of alpha adrenergic receptor subtypes in smooth muscle of human urinary bladder base and prostatic urethra.

Postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor subtypes mediating contraction of human urinary bladder base and prostatic urethra were investigated in vitro. Alpha adrenergic receptor agonists, noradrenaline and phenylephrine, induced contraction dose-dependently in these tissues. Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine, competitively antagonized the contraction induced by these agonists in the bladder base as well as prostatic urethra. The mean pA2 values for the antagonists in the bladder base and prostatic urethra were as follows: 8.89 and 8.96 for prazosin and 6.30 and 6.45 for yohimbine, respectively. Comparison of pA2 values of prazosin and yohimbine in both the tissues with those values found in the literature for these compounds in a variety of tissues containing alpha-1 or alpha-2 adrenergic receptor indicates that the postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor subtype in the human urinary bladder base and prostatic urethra is the alpha-1 type, not the alpha-2 type.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous determination of five androgens in early neonatal urine by selected ion monitoring GC-MS using 19-d3 steroids as internal standards.

Androgen levels in early neonatal urine were measured by GC-MS using trideuterated steroids at C-19 as internal standards. The deuterated steroid is not only stable in the process of analysis but also behaves chemically the same as the corresponding steroid to be measured so that the reliability in the method of analysis is satisfactory. The following results were obtained by this method: Androsterone levels in early neonatal urines were significantly higher in male than in female on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day, though the levels fell significantly from the 1st to 3rd day. Testosterone values were also higher in male than in female on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. No sex difference in dehydroepiandrosterone or dihydrotestosterone was observed. The sex difference of the androgen levels indicated a testicular steroidogenesis in male neonates.

Androgens↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical statistics on testicular tumors in the Japanese during the 1970's].

A statistical analysis was made by computer on 511 cases of testicular tumor experienced at 14 facilities in Japan between 1970 and 1979. The age distribution of the patients had two peaks, one under 3 years (15%) and the other between 25 and 34 years (32%). Forty percent of the patients were office workers and 76% were college graduates. Fifty percent of the patients had 0 to 1 sibs. The blood type distribution was similar to that for the whole Japanese population. Six percent of the patients had a past history of trauma, and no relation with cell type was detected. Sixty nine percent of the patients were married and 31% were not married. Sixty seven percent of the patients over 30 had seminoma, and 78% of the patients under 29 years old had non-seminoma. Seminoma was rare in patients under 9 years old. Histologically, 75% were simple type, and 25% were mixed type. Forty three percent of the cases were seminoma and 57% were non-seminoma. Of the stage I cases, 78% and 57%, and of the stage III cases 7 and 28%, respectively, were seminoma and non-seminoma, many of the non-seminoma being at high stage. The 5-year survival rate for the 75 patients under 9 years old was 96%, and that for the 341 patients over 15 years was 70%, the survival rate for the patients under 9 years being significantly higher. The 5-year survival rate for stage I, II and III seminoma was 100, 65 and 0%, respectively, while that for non-seminoma was 93, 56 and 8%, respectively. The survival rate for stage I was higher for seminoma cases than for non-seminoma cases. No difference was detected between survival rate for stage II or III between seminoma and non-seminoma. The survival rate for seminoma did not differ with the time when the surgery was performed, but for the patients with non-seminomatous tumors, the survival rate was higher for the patients operated within one month than those operated later. The survival rate was not related to the weight of the extracted testicle. The 5-year survival rate for the patients with normal body temperature was 78% whereas that for the patients who had fevers was 32%. The 5-year survival rate for the patients not accompanied by abdominal tumors was about 80%, whereas that for the patients with palpated abdominal tumors was 42%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Electromyography of the external urethral sphincter in patients with prostatic hyperplasia.

We analyzed quantitatively the action potential of external urethral sphincter muscles by electromyography in 9 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and in 13 patients without micturition disturbances. In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia the motor unit potentials had a mean amplitude of 290 plus or minus 40 microV., duration 5.0 plus or minus 0.1 msec. and phases 3.9 plus or minus 0.1. The control group values were 310 plus or minus 20 microV., 5.5 plus or minus 0.1 msec. and 3.8 plus or minus 0.1, respectively. There was a significant difference in duration, which was probably due to the difference in age of the 2 groups. An inverse relationship between age and duration was proved in the patients examined.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between postoperative blood pressure change and renal pathophysiology in primary aldosteronism.

32 patients with primary aldosteronism due to adrenal adenoma were studied to elucidate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and renal functions before and after the removal of aldosteronoma. The relationship between either BP or renal functions and the structural changes of the renal biopsy specimens obtained at the operation was also examined. Renal function studies included serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatinine clearance (Ccr), phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test, and urine concentration test (max SG). Renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow, and filtration fraction (FF) were measured. Serum sodium was significantly decreased and potassium was increased after the removal of the aldosteronomas. The levels of BUN, Ccr, PSP, and max SG were not significantly correlated to either pre- or postoperative BP levels, and to the improvement of hypertension after the operation. On the other hand, BP was significantly correlated with RPF and FF before surgery. Furthermore, the postoperative improvement of hypertension was correlated with the decrease of FF and the increase of hematocrit after surgery. The influence of duration of preoperative hypertension on BP response after adrenalectomy was not significant in the present study. The higher the BP level, the more marked histological changes were found. But, there was no relationship between renal functions and histological changes of renal biopsy specimens. The results indicate that RPF may participate in the hypertension of primary aldosteronism and that the BP level after surgery may be predicted by examination of the pathological changes present in the kidney.

Adenoma↗