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Biomedical subjects

K Kawabata

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawabata.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Periventricular lucencies on computed tomography in multiple cerebral infarcts: correlation with cerebral blood flow measurements.

Forty-nine patients with multiple cerebral infarcts with a mean age of 70.2 years were studied to elucidate the effect of periventricular lucencies (PVLs) on cerebral blood flow (CBF). Patients with multiple cerebral infarcts showed significantly lower mean cortical blood flow (F1) values compared to 15 age-matched normal subjects (p less than .01). The mean F1 values were most significantly decreased in severe group of PVLs and moderately decreased in moderate and mild groups (p less than .05 between severe and mild groups); however, no significant differences in mean F1 values were found between severe and moderate groups. Demented patients showed significantly lower F1 values compared to nondemented patients (p less than .001) and normal subjects (p less than .001). There was no significant difference in the degree of PVL between demented and nondemented groups. As well, the mean F1 values were not significantly correlated with either the number of infarcts or ventricular dilatation. These results suggest that PVLs on CT (especially in severe cases of PVLs) may have some role in the reduction of cortical blood flow in patients with multiple cerebral infarcts.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis and structure determination of FR109615, a new antifungal antibiotic.

The structure of FR109615, a new antifungal antibiotic, was determined to be (1R,2S)-2-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid ((-)-cis-2-ACPC: 8a) by X-ray analysis. (-)-cis-2-ACPC (8a) was also synthesized via optical resolution of 3a and 3b derived from (+/-)-cis-2-ACPC hydrochloride (1). 8a showed potent antifungal activity, while its antipode (+)-cis-2-ACPC (8b) had no activity.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1990

Increased number of suppressor T-cells and impaired IL-2 mediated T-cell function in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients.

The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for suppressed T-cell immunity in gastric cancer patients. The peripheral blood T-cell functions in gastric cancer patients were evaluated by measuring responses to PHA and IL-2, and T-cell subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. Both the PHA and IL-2 responses decreased in patients with gastric cancer, although the proportions of CD3+ and CD25+ cells were the same for gastric cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The PHA response, but not that of IL-2, was lower in patients with liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination than in patients without these conditions. Single regression analysis showed that with lymph node involvement in the disease the IL-2 response was more strongly suppressed than PHA response. The serum level of IAP did not correlate with the response to either PHA or IL-2. The proportion of CD4+ cells was not affected by any factor related to gastric cancer, although CD4+/CD8+ and CD8+11b-/CD8+11b+ ratios did decrease in patients with distant lymph node involvement. These changes may be due to a comparative increase in suppressor cells. These results suggest that gastric cancer patients exhibit impaired IL-2 mediated T-cell function and that the number of suppressor cells may increase with progressive lymph node involvement. These two serial effects may be indeed responsible for the impaired blood T-cell function in patients with gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Absorption of tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin administered intravesically immediately after transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma].

Absorption of tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin (THP) administered immediately after transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma (TUR-Bt) has not been reported. In this study, we have examined the absorption of THP and the systemic toxicity in the early post-TUR period. Of 21 patients with bladder carcinoma, 10 had a solitary tumor and 11 multiple tumors. Twenty mg THP in 40 ml of sterile water was intravesically administered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28, and then every 4th week. The THP solution was retained for 2 hours. The blood THP concentration was measured 30 minutes and 2 hours after the intravesical administration on days 1, 7 and 28. No systemic side effects were observed. Thirteen of the 38 (34%) samples contained a detectable level (more than 1 ng/ml) of THP on the post-TUR-Bt on day 1, 8, of 42 (19%) on day 7, and 3 of 18 (17%) on day 28. Altogether, 24 of the 98 (24%) samples contained more than 1 ng/ml THP. The highest blood THP level was 23 ng/ml on day 1. The differences between frequency of detection of blood THP in the samples at 30 minutes and 2 hours were not statistically significant. The difference between average concentration of blood THP of patients with solitary and multiple tumors also was not significant. These results indicate that intravesical THP administration starting within 24 hours after TUR-Bt can not result in significant systemic absorption of THP, and the systemic toxicity can be avoided.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Uterine resting tonus and maternal hypertension during late pregnancy--existence of intrauterine capacity.

The uterine resting tonus was measured with an open-end catheter beginning from the 24th gestational week through the onset of labor in order to investigate changes in the intrauterine environment from the physical aspect. The measurements were performed in 183 primiparas for a total of 272 times and 102 multiparas for a total of 120 times. The uterine resting tonus was almost constant from the 2nd trimester through the 3rd trimester, but it tended to increase gradually beginning 2-3 weeks prior to the onset of delivery. This tendency was more pronounced in primiparas, and their mean tonus was about 5mmHg higher than that of multiparas throughout the pregnancy. In 55 subjects in whom both the resting tonus and blood pressure were simultaneously measured at least twice during pregnancy, the mean maternal blood pressure increased as the resting tonus increased. The above findings revealed a positive correlation between the resting tonus and the maternal blood pressure and suggested the presence of a critical point in terms of the intrauterine capacity, which derives from the properties of the uterine muscle and the intrauterine contents, consisting mainly of the fetus. The increase in the resting tonus is surmised to be related to this critical point.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium in postmenopausal women to select the high risk group of endometrial carcinoma of the uterus].

We examined the usefulness of ultrasonography (USG) for endometrial cancer screening in postmenopausal women. 207 postmenopausal women were ultrasonographically examined. The endometrial echo was classified into 4 types: 1, anechoic; 2, hair-line; 3, linear; and 4, navicular, and was compared with histological findings. No abnormal histological findings were observed in the cases showing type 1 and 2. On the other hand, abnormal histological findings including endometrial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer, were seen in 57.7% (15/26) of type 3 cases, and 65.6% (21/32) of type 4 cases. Furthermore, type 3 and 4 women had enlargement of the uterus, and an increased incidence of postmenopausal bleeding. Positive rates in the progesterone challenge test (PCT) and karyopicnotic index (KPI) were higher in type 3 and 4 cases than in type 1 and 2. It was concluded that USG is able to accurately determine the endometrial condition and is useful for identifying high-risk patients in endometrial cancer screening.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Stable xenon CT-CBF study with measurement of end-tidal xenon concentration--correction by arterial concentration of xenon].

Non-invasive methods with monitoring end-tidal stable xenon (ETXes) are described for estimating local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local partition coefficient (L lambda). 30% of Xes in oxygen was inhaled for 240 sec and exhaled for 160 sec during serial CT scannings after denitrogenation with pure oxygen breathing. During the examination, serial samplings of arterial blood and continuous monitoring of ETXes were performed to determine build up range (A) and build up rate constant (K) of artery. Calculated A and K using the arterial sampling (Aa and Ka, respectively) were compared with the calculated A and K using the continuous monitoring of ETXes (Ae and Ke, respectively) in 109 patients with epilepsy, head trauma, or cerebrovascular diseases. Ae and Ke had significantly positive correlation with Aa and Ka, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative evaluation of vascular permeability in the gerbil brain after transient ischemia using Evans blue fluorescence.

Mongolian gerbils were used to evaluate brain edema during restoration of flow following bilateral carotid occlusion for 1 h. We have modified the method for fluorometric measurement of Evans blue to monitor vascular protein leakage (vasogenic edema). The extraction of extravasated Evans blue was performed by homogenizing the whole brain in 50% trichloroacetic acid. The supernatant was diluted fourfold with ethanol and the Evans blue fluorescence was measured. The tissue blank was negligible. Evans blue content of the plasma was similarly determined and the ratio of tissue to plasma Evans blue content was calculated. Furthermore, Evans blue fluorescence was used for microscopic investigation. It is suggested that Evans blue fluorescence can be applied for quantification of protein leakage with much more sensitivity and accuracy than the colorimetric absorbance method, as well as for tissue localization of protein leakage.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Progress of radiation therapy in malignant lymphomas].

Radiation therapy is keeping an important role on treating stage I, II and III A Hodgkin's disease. Several prognostic factors influencing treatment result were discovered recently even though patients conditions belong to the same stage. Owing to rapid progress of multi-anticancer drug chemotherapy, indication of radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has become narrower than 10 years ago. However, radiotherapy is important to cure both stage I and early stage II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with low or intermediate grade histological malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Results of radiation therapy of stage I and II nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma originated in the cervical lymph nodes--a study of the Japan Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Study Group].

During the years 1972-81, 118 patients with stage I (78 cases) and II (40) nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma originated in the neck were treated with radiation. 5 year survival rates were 74% for stage I and 40% for stage II. Favorable histology group showed better prognosis than unfavorable one. Among stage I patients with unfavorable histology group, prognostic factors were studied and tumor size larger than 4 cm is found to be a sole prognostic factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Purification and properties of glucoside 3-dehydrogenase from Flavobacterium saccharophilum.

A membrane-bound glucoside 3-dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.99.13], which oxidizes validoxylamine A to the 3-keto derivative, was solubilized from the membrane fraction of Flavobacterium saccharophilum by Triton X-100 and purified about 280-fold with an overall yield of 30% from the membrane fraction by column chromatography on DEAE- and CM-Sepharose CL-6B and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The purified enzyme exhibited a single protein band on disc gel electrophoresis, and FAD was shown to be the prosthetic group. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 270,000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and consisted of 4 identical subunits each with a molecular weight of 66,000. The enzyme reacted with various artificial electron acceptors such as 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), phenazine methosulfate, and ferricyanide. The optimum pH for DCIP reductase activity was 6.0. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+ and p-chloromercuribenzoate. D-Glucose and methyl-alpha- and beta-D-glucoside showed the highest susceptibility to the enzyme, and were converted to the corresponding 3-keto sugars.

Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1986

Infantile myofibromatosis. Report of two cases.

Two cases of infantile myofibromatosis were presented. Case 1 was a 6-month-old girl with multiple nodular lesions in the left parietal bone, dermis of abdominal wall, chest wall, right upper arm, and bilateral femur. Case 2 was a 12-month-old girl with solitary nodular lesions in the left parietal bone having a tendency to enlarge. Histologically, these tumorous lesions consisted of broad bundles of well oriented spindle-shaped cells superficially resembling smooth muscle tissue. In electron microscopy, the constituent cells combined ultrastructural characteristics of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells., Immunoperoxidase method showed that anti-smooth muscle antibodies binded to the cytoplasm of the bundle forming cells. From these results, it may be concluded that the lesion consisted of pure proliferation of myofibroblasts, and its peculiar growth behavior was discussed, though the histogenesis still remains obscure.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. X. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino)acetamido] cephalosporin derivatives.

The synthesis of 7 beta-([Z) -2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino) acetamido]-cephalosporins (2a-h) modified at the C-3 position of a cephem nucleus and the effect of the C-3 substituents on the antibacterial activity, oral absorptivity and therapeutic activity are discussed. The cephems (2a and 2b) having a C-3 substituent such as hydrogen or vinyl were more potent than other cephalosporins against Gram-negative bacteria. However, the cephalosporin (2f) having methylthio group at the 3-position showed the highest absorption rate in rats. These three cephalosporins (2a, b and f) exhibited equally good protective activities in mice infected. Furthermore, the serum levels of these cephalosporins (2a, b and f) were examined in dogs, and 2b and 2f showed outstanding high and prolonged serum levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. XI. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)cephalosporins.

The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]- 3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)cephalosporins are described. 3-(2,2-Dihalovinyl)cephalosporins exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus than the corresponding 3-vinylcephalosporin.

Animals↗