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Biomedical subjects

K Kauppinen

Publications and source records attributed to K Kauppinen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cutaneous drug reactions: clinical types and causative agents. A five-year survey of in-patients (1981-1985).

We collected a 5-year series of drug eruptions. There were 225 cases, 128 of them verified by a positive provocation test. The most common types of clinical reaction were fixed drug eruptions, exanthematous eruptions and urticarias. The drugs most often responsible for the eruptions were antimicrobial agents and antipyretic/anti-inflammatory analgesics. Comparing this series with our three previous series from the same hospital, the total number of drug eruptions proved to have decreased over the last 30 years. The main groups of drugs causing skin reactions have remained the same, but in recent years the proportion of sulphonamides has diminished.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part I. Body fluid balance.

Nine men were subjected to four temperature exposures to detect changes in weight, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and relative volumes of plasma. The exposures were: (A) sauna and head-out ice water immersion; (B) sauna and 15 degrees C shower; (C) sauna and room temperature; (D) head-out ice water immersion and room temperature. All experiments were repeated and ended with recovery at room temperature. The greatest weight loss (mean +/- S.D.) (i.e. sweating) was observed in C, 544 +/- 207 g. The weight losses (mean +/- S.D.) in A and B were equal, 417 +/- 253 g and 437 +/- 221 g. The relative post-exposure plasma volumes decreased 7.2% in A, 8.0% in B, and 5.6% in C; the decrease in D (1.3%) was statistically not significant. Combinations of heat and cold or cool (A and B) reduced the plasma volumes more than mere heat (C), suggesting a disturbance of cutaneous circulation producing transient edema in the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part II. Circulation.

Nine men were subjected to four temperature exposures: (A) sauna and head-out ice water immersion; (B) sauna and 15 degrees C shower; (C) sauna and room temperature; (D) head-out ice water immersion and room temperature. Exposures were repeated and ended with a 30-minute recovery. Heart rates were recorded continuously and blood pressures were determined six times during each experiment. Rate pressure products and indications of cardiac stroke work were calculated from the data. The results demonstrated decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) to the blood flow in response to the heat of the sauna (C), with concurrent increase in cardiac oxygen demand and negligible increase in the stroke work. Cold exposures (D) increased the TPR. Cold did not increase the cardiac oxygen demand but increased the stroke work. The alternation of heat and cold (A) or cool (B) presented the most intensive strain on the heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part III. Body temperatures.

Nine active winter swimmer men were subjected to four exposures each imitating a form of hot or cold exposures or their combination practiced among the Finns: (A) sauna and head-out ice water immersion; (B) sauna and 15 degrees C shower; (C) sauna and room temperature; (D) head-out ice water immersion and room temperature. All exposures were repeated and ended with recovery at room temperature. Body core and surface temperatures were recorded. One surface probe was placed between the scapulae to detect any signs of thermogenic activity by brown adipose tissue upon cold exposures. In the sauna control of core temperature was lost at esophageal temperature Tes 38 degrees C where the mean skin temperature exceeded the Tes. The brief ice water immersions did not disturb the thermal balance of the body core. The interscapular surface temperature recording provided circumstantial evidence of functioning thermogenic tissue in the area.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Some endocrine responses to sauna, shower and ice water immersion.

Nine winter swimmer men were exposed to: (A) sauna and ice water immersion; (B) sauna and 15 degrees C shower; (C) sauna and room temperature; (D) head-out ice-water immersion and room temperature. The exposures were repeated and ended with a recumbent recovery. The initial, post-exposure and post-recovery concentrations of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, serum melatonin, plasma norepinephrine and plasma epinephrine were determined. ACTH and cortisol indicated a slightly increased post-exposure level. Melatonin concentration did not change. Post-exposure norepinephrine levels increased (P less than 0.05) from the initial. Post-exposure epinephrine indicated a tendency to elevated levels with a nearly doubled (P less than 0.05) concentration in experiment A. The tendency toward enhanced ACTH and cortisol secretion and sympathetic activity shown by increased catecholamine secretion suggest that the winter swimming practice may raise the pain threshold and develop a potential for improved cold tolerance, possibly by nonshivering thermogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

How the sauna affects the endocrine system.

The sauna induces changes in the secretion of hormones, some similar to changes induced in any other stress situation and others characteristic of exposure to the sauna. Noradrenaline is usually the only catecholamine raised by the sauna in people accustomed to it. The secretion of the antidiuretic hormone is increased and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated. The concentrations of the growth hormone and prolactin, in particular, secreted from the anterior pituitary are increased in the circulation. The concentration of the immunoreactive beta-endorphin in blood may also increase which may reflect the feeling of pleasure or, on the other hand, discomfort induced by the sauna. The views on the effects of the sauna on the secretion of the ACTH and cortisol are partly contradictory, probably due to differing ways of taking the sauna bath. In Finnish sauna takers the concentration of cortisol in blood is not usually increased. The changes induced by the sauna in various hormone concentrations in the circulation are, however, normalized within a couple of hours after the heat stress.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1986

Cimetidine increases the plasma concentration of hydroxyzine.

The combination of hydroxyzine and cimetidine is reported to be more effective than hydroxyzine alone in chronic urticaria. The plasma concentration of hydroxyzine was studied in seven patients treated both with the hydroxyzine 25 mg t.i.d. and the combinations of hydroxyzine 25 mg and cimetidine 200 mg t.i.d. Hydroxyzine plasma concentrations were definitely higher during the combination treatment than during hydroxyzine alone. This may explain the effectiveness of the combination treatment.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1985

Fixed eruptions: causative drugs and challenge tests.

The drugs responsible for eighty-six cases of fixed drug eruption have been identified, and in all but two were confirmed by challenge. The series included sixteen cases of generalized bullous fixed eruption, which resembles Lyell's syndrome. The main causative drugs were phenazones and barbiturates, both in the series as a whole and in the group of the most severe cases. The same drugs were the most frequent causative agents in a report from Finland 10 years ago.

Antipyrine↗
PubMed1984

Localized heat urticaria associated with a decrease in serum complement factor B (C3 proactivator).

A case of localized heat urticaria is reported in a 51-year-old woman who within a few minutes of contact with warm water developed erythema and swelling sharply localized to the heated area. After a hot bath urticarial lesions appeared over large areas of her body, accompanied by a feeling of weakness, but no other systemic symptoms. After challenge with heat by immersing her left arm in water heated to 42 degrees C, a rapid decrease of her serum complement level of factor B was demonstrated, suggesting that activation of an alternative complement pathway plays a role in this form of urticaria. Biopsies for immunofluorescent study of complement and immunoglobulins were negative at 30 and 180 min after heat challenge. The dermal fibres and endothelial cells of dermal vessels were capable, in vitro, of complement binding before and after exposure to heat.

Complement Factor B↗
PubMed1984

Urticaria in children. Retrospective evaluation and follow-up.

A retrospective study supplemented with follow-up was carried out in 163 children, aged 6 months to 16 years, who were hospitalized because of acute, recurrent or chronic urticaria in 1976-1980. Etiologic agents were identified in 55% of cases. Physical factors were the commonest causes, especially in cases of chronic urticaria, while infections predominated in acute urticaria. 81% of the children participated in the follow-up study. Follow-up for a year or more revealed that 53% of the children had become symptom-free, 36% still had symptoms but less frequently and in 11% urticaria was unresolved. The results indicate that the etiologic factors in childhood urticaria are similar to those found in adults and that prognosis is favorable, particularly when the etiology is established.

Adolescent↗