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Biomedical subjects

K Kashima

Publications and source records attributed to K Kashima.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Increase in glucose-stimulated insulin release and insulin biosynthesis in isolated pancreatic islets from D-galactosamine-treated rats.

Insulin secretion in response to glucose, glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis and insulin content was studied in pancreatic islets freshly isolated from male Wistar rats (150-200 g) with galactosamine-induced hepatitis. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of galactosamine. Isolated islets prepared by collagenase method were perifused in Swim's medium with 20 mM glucose at 37 degrees C up to 30 minutes. Samples were taken at 2-10 min intervals for insulin assay. Insulin biosynthesis was assessed by the incorporation of [3H]-leucine into immunoprecipitable products (insulin and proinsulin) in pancreatic islets after 120 min incubation with 20 mM glucose. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was significantly increased at 6, 12 and 24 hours following the administration of galactosamine compared to control. The rate of insulin biosynthesis was stimulated to 170, 138 and 185% of control level 3, 6 and 12 hours after galactosamine-treatment, respectively. Significant increase in insulin content of islets was found 24 hours after galactosamine treatment, following the increased insulin biosynthesis. The present results indicate that pancreatic B cell function is activated in early stage of acute liver injury.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

An investigation of an infrared ray electronic endoscope with a laser diode light source.

An infrared ray electronic video-endoscope with a laser diode light source was used to obtain information on the submucosal area. As contrast medium we employed indocyanine green, which has a light absorption peak in the infrared range. The wavelength of the laser diode was set to 810 nm as suggested by the results of the spectrophotometric study on the reflected light at fingertips after injection of ICG (3 mg/kg). Using this system we inspected the stomach under visible light and then continuously under infrared light before and after intravenous injection of ICG (2 mg/kg). A dendritic figure with fine ramifications emerged in the early stage after intravenous injection of indocyanine green, which was not seen under visible light. These features of the figure visualized by the infrared endoscope suggest that they have a close relationship with blood vessels and blood circulation beneath the mucosal surface. This infrared electronic endoscope system provides submucosal information more readily and at a lower cost than ever before, and also the infrared lighting method of this system could be applied to almost all available electronic endoscopes by modulating infrared cutting filters, so it could become a valuable clinical tool.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Chromosome abnormalities of gastric cancer detected in cancerous effusions.

The chromosomes were examined in cancerous effusions obtained from 7 patients with gastric cancer. In 1 patient, the modal chromosome number was 46 with a normal chromosome complement in the majority of the cells examined. The other 6 patients revealed numerical and structural aberrations. Among the structural rearrangements detected, chromosome 3 was involved in the short arm and in the long arm, each in three patients; bands p25, q21, q23, and q27 were recurrently involved and a band q23 was lost in 3 patients. Rearrangements of chromosome 5 in the long arm and of chromosome 17 at or near the centromere were also observed in three patients each. Gains of chromosome 7 was seen in 5 patients and of chromosome 13 in 4. Some of these alterations may be specific for gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Predictive factors for the response of ulcerative colitis patients during the acute-phase treatment.

Twenty-six consecutive admissions of 24 patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) hospitalized in our Department at some time between January 1983 and December 1988 were studied to identify factors useful in the prediction of response to medical treatment in the acute inflammatory phase of this disease. Results of laboratory tests (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet count, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total protein, albumin, alpha 2-microglobulin, cholinesterase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) and of endoscopic findings (extent of disease, progress of the lesions, sparing of the rectum, and presence of geographic ulcers, longitudinal ulcers, and polypoid mucosal tags) were analyzed for any relationship with the effect of medical treatment during the acute phase. The effect of treatment was evaluated in terms of days it took for a severe condition to improve to an intermediate one defined by Truelove and Witts' categories for UC severity. C-Reactive protein, nutritive condition (total protein, albumin, and cholinesterase), extent of the lesions, and existence of polypoid mucosal tags provide predictive factors useful in the management of UC during the acute phase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Thickness of Brunner's glands and its clinical significance in duodenal ulcer disease.

The thickness of Brunner's glands was measured with an ocular micrometer in 75 cases of surgically resected duodenal ulcer and in 75 autopsy cases (control group). Endoscopic findings before operation were also studied. Maximum mean thickness of Brunner's glands in the control group was 1.54 +/- 0.38 mm (mean +/- SD), and no regional difference in thickness was noted. The thickness of Brunner's glands in the duodenal ulcer group was widely distributed, from 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, and the average value was 3.0 +/- 1.0 mm, with a statistically significant difference from that of the control group. In most duodenal ulcer cases Brunner's glands were thickest within 1 cm from the center of an ulcer. Only six cases of duodenal ulcer (8.0%) showed a diffusely thin layer of Brunner's glands, less than 1.5 mm thick. These results show that the Brunner's glands become hyperplastic in duodenal ulcer patients, especially near the ulcer. In the healed ulcer Brunner's glands were thin at the center of an ulcer scar, and the average thickness was 0.42 +/- 0.26 mm. This histologic finding corresponded to the depressed scarred area observed endoscopically, suggesting a decreased mucosal resistance at this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Computerized cataract detection and classification.

156 eyes of patients and normal volunteers were classified at the slit lamp into the following pure groups: normal (n = 50), nuclear (n = 39), cortical (n = 33) and PSC (n = 34). The eyes were photographed with the Topcon SL-45 Scheimpflug camera and the images scanned and processed to obtain one dimensional profiles through a 40 x 440 micron axial window. Of the 156 profiles, 90 were used as reference samples and were processed to obtain average profiles. The remaining 66 "unknown" profiles and each of the reference profiles, were classified into the four groups based on their distance from the average profiles in Euclidean space. The system was found to be very sensitive (98%) in detecting the presence of cataracts and specific (100%) in identifying normal, i.e. cataract negative lenses. In classifying pure cataracts into the various classes 98% of answers were correct.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Measurement of blood flow in human tympanic membrane with spectrophotometry and laser speckle flow meter].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the blood volume and blood flow in human tympanic membrane. Hemoglobin concentration (IHb) and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (ISO2) were measured in 71 ears by using a tissue spectrum analyzer. Blood flow (Flow level) was measured in 40 ears by using a laser speckle flow meter. By using two fiber optic probes, these three parameters were measured in the tense part of the tympanic membrane. A comparison was made between the measurements made with fiber probe touching the tympanic membrane and the measurements not touching it. Between two measuring patterns, there was no significant differentiation in three parameters, so we took non-touching technique. IHb and Flow level had reproducibility between the first and second recordings. But ISO2 did not have clear reproducibility. In normal tympanic membrane, IHb and Flow level were not significantly correlated (r = 0.52). IHb was 16 +/- 1.3 (Mean +/- SEM) in normal cases, 17 +/- 4.6 in otitis media with effusion and 104 +/- 22.8 in acute otitis media. Flow level was 0.7 +/- 0.07 in normal cases, 0.6 +/- 0.07 in otitis media with effusion and 2.2 +/- 0.37 in acute otitis media. It is considered that the measurement of hemoglobin concentration by using tissue spectrum analyzer and the measurement of blood flow by using laser speckle flow meter are useful in the studies of the pathophysiology of human tympanic membrane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The expression of ras p21 product in hepatocellular carcinoma].

To elucidate the cell biological significance of ras oncogene, the expression of ras-p21 was analyzed in 53 cases of liver tissues including 34 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by using immunohistochemical method. In result, 22 (65%) cases of 34 HCC and 34 (79%) cases of 43 liver cirrhosis were positive for p21, whereas all of chronic hepatitis and normal livers were negative. Especially, comparative study between the expression of p21 and clinicopathological background of HCC revealed that p21 was prominently expressed in well differentiated form, nodular type, small liver cancer, and the cases showing AFP levels below 400 ng/ml. From these results, it was indicated that ras oncogene might play an important role in malignant transformation of hepatocytes or differentiation of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1990

The effects of sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on the corneal endothelium in galactosemic dogs.

Wide-field specular microscopy was used to examine the central corneal endothelium of age- and sex-matched beagle dogs fed for up to 32 months either normal control diets containing 30% nonnutrient filler (13 dogs) or diets containing 30% galactose with (13 dogs) or without (12 dogs) concomitant treatment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil. Computerized morphometric analysis of the endothelial cells indicated that a significant decrease in cell density and increase in mean cell area occurred in untreated galactose-fed dogs after 32 months of feeding compared with the normal controls. However, no significant difference could be observed in similar galactose-fed dogs treated with sorbinil. No significant difference in the coefficient of variation of the area, or percent hexagonality of the endothelial cells, or the corneal thickness could be observed in any group. These findings demonstrated that endothelial abnormalities were present in the cornea of the galactose-fed dogs which were similar to those reported for diabetic dogs, rats, and patients and that these changes can be prevented by the concomitant administration of an aldose reductase inhibitor. These findings suggest a role for aldose reductase in the abnormalities noted in the corneal endothelium in diabetes and galactosemia.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1990

[A study on interdental spaces of the deciduous dental arch in Indian sample].

The primate spaces are described as a genetic characteristic of all primate dentitions. In homo sapiens, they are limited to the deciduous dentition. We have now investigated the prevalence of primate spaces and interdental spaces in the deciduous dentition by sex and arch in samples from Indian children and the relationship between these spaces and other morphological characteristics of the deciduous dental arches. The samples were taken from 55 school children, 26 males and 29 females aged 5-7 years, belonging to the middle class of socio-economic status and living in New Delhi. The samples were taken during January of 1988. All were free of dental malformations, extractions or caries and a certain children had erupted permanent first molars. The result were as follows: 1. There was a wide variation in the pattern of the interdental spacing. The most common areas of spacing were mesial to the maxillary primary canine (primate spaces) and mesial to the mandibular primary canine (developmental spaces) for all ages. The mandibular primate spaces were considerably less frequent than the maxillary ones. The prevalence of primate spaces and developmental spaces were higher in the maxillary deciduous arch than in the mandibular deciduous arch. 2. Frequent distribution of the occlusal termination type were found to be more variable. The bilateral vertical terminal plane was found in about 50% at ages 5 to 6 of both sexes. The vertical terminal occlusal pattern existed even in the deciduous arches in which the first permanent molars had erupted. 3. The mesiodistal crown diameters of each deciduous tooth were greater in males than in females. The sex differences in mesiodistal crown diameters were significant for mandibular second deciduous molars. The sum of mesiodistal crown diameter in the closed deciduous arches was larger than in the spaced deciduous arches. 4. The dental arch increased slightly in width but decreased a little in length with changes in age during the deciduous dentition period. The deciduous arch diameters in the spaced arches were larger than in the closed arches. Statistically significant differences were found between the spaced arches and the closed arches for the mandibular anterior or posterior arch lengths and the anterior arch width for both arches. Generally, spacing of the deciduous arches was significantly related to the mesiodistal crown diameter, intercanine width and intermolar width, but there was no significant relationship to the eruption of the permanent first molars.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of the palatal rugae and shape of the hard palatal in Japanese and Indian children].

The materials for study were serial upper jaw plaster casts of 58 Japanese (29 boys and 29 girls) aged 3 to 7 years, and 93 Indians (46 boys and 47 girls) aged 5 to 8 years. I observed and measured the palatal rugae, the papilla incisiva and the shape of the hard palate using the method of Yamazaki, following Lysell's and Hauser's. The differences according to population (1-5), palatal findings (6) and sex (7) are summarized as follows. 1. The number of primary rugae of Japanese children were more than those of Indian children, but the number of transverse palatal rugae were the same. 2. There were differences between Japanese and Indian children in the primary rugae shapes, the posterior limit of the rugae zone, the number and position of the secondary rugae and fragmentary rugae. 3. The papilla incisiva of the Japanese children were a little larger than those of the Indians. Generally the papilla incisiva of the two populations were pear-shaped, but the Indians showed more variability. 4. The palatal raphe of the Japanese were wider than those of the Indians. The number of children with no palatal raphe branch was large for Indian children, but small for Japanese. 5. The frontal view of the hard palate of Japanese children was broad and that of Indian children was narrower than the Japanese. The palatal shape of the two populations was almost trapezoid. The occlusal view of the two populations was broad and U-shaped. 6. There were many transverse palatal rugae in the two populations at the left side. The posterior limit of the ruga zone of the left side was shifted further back than the right side. 7. There were no significant differences between sexes for most of the above points.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Changes of intrahepatic localization of hepatitis B core antigen in HBeAg positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B treated with interferon.

The intrahepatic distribution of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was studied in 14 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B who were treated with interferon. Patients received 5 to 6 million units daily of human lymphoblastoid interferon or human diploid fibroblast interferon for 28 days. Intrahepatic HBcAg was detected by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Before interferon therapy, the intrahepatic HBcAg was detected almost equally in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. The expression of nuclear HBcAg decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) after interferon therapy, irrespective of the outcome for DNA polymerase and/or HBeAg/anti-HBe status. The expression of cytoplasmic HBcAg decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) only in the patients who lost DNA polymerase after treatment, whereas it increased in patients with DNA polymerase and/or HBeAg in the serum. These findings suggested that a shift of intrahepatic HBcAg from the nucleus to the cytoplasm occurred in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B receiving interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam of severe infections in leukemia and related disorders].

Cefuzonam (CZON) which has a broad spectrum on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in severe infections associated with hematological disorders. Sixty five patients were treated with CZON. Among them, 56 patients were evaluable for effectiveness. Nine patients were not evaluable because 3 patients were treated with combination of other antibiotics such as ceftizoxime, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, 1 patient was subjected to additional therapy of G-CSF and gamma-globulin, 4 were the patients with other disease than hematologic disorder (3 malignant mesotheliomas, 1 ovarian cancer), and the remaining one was prophylactically treated. Excellent responses were observed in 21 (37.5%) patients, good responses in 11 (19.6%) patients, with an overall efficacy rate of 57.1%. The efficacy rate in septic patients was 80% (4/5), and that in patient whose peripheral granulocytes were continuously below 100/microliters was 60% (3/5). Three patients who suffered from malignant mesothelioma, one patient who suffered from ovarian cancer, one patient who was treated prophylactically were included in the final evaluation of side effects. Side effects were observed in 2 patients (2/61, 3.3%). In a patient of 7 years, mild liver disfunction (GOT/GPT, 46/55) was found in 10 days after CZON treatment was started. In a patient of 65 years, mild appetite loss was identified in 2 days after CZON administration was begun. The liver disfunction was improved soon after the cessation of the treatment. The mild appetite loss disappeared while the treatment was continued. These results showed that CZON was an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A ten-year observation of malignant changes in a hyperplastic polyp of the stomach--a cellular kinetic study using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)].

Reported is the case of a 64 year old man with a hyperplastic polyp of the stomach that underwent malignant changes. The polyp had been followed up both endoscopically and histologically for 10 years. As it proved difficult to diagnose the malignant changes of the polyp through its endoscopic appearance, a part of polypectomized materials was studied by in vitro labeling of the S-phase cells with BrdU. Although the background hyperplastic mucosa somewhat preserved an irregular generative cell zone, the zonal distribution of the labeled cells were completely disturbed in the areas that underwent a malignant transformation, and labeled cells were often seen in the surface areas of the cancerous glands. It is important to study malignant changes in the hyperplastic polyps of the stomach from a cellular kinetic aspect.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1989

Thickness of Brunner's glands and its clinical significance in peptic ulcer diseases.

The thickness of Brunner's glands was measured using an ocular micrometer in 297 cases of surgically resected peptic ulcer and in 120 autopsy cases (control group). The mean maximum thickness of Brunner's glands in the control group was 1.55 +/- 0.37mm (mean +/- SD) and no difference in thickness was noted for each decade of age. The mean maximum thickness of Brunner's glands in patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastroduodenal ulcer was 2.34 +/- 1.06, 3.18 +/- 1.07 and 3.24 +/- 1.05mm, respectively. When an ulcer is within the duodenum, Brunner's glands near the ulcer were thicker than those contralateral to it. In patients with gastric ulcer, Brunner's glands were the thickest in the pyloric ulcer group and negative correlation was noted between the thickness of Brunner's glands and the distance to the ulcer from the pyloric ring. Since gastric acidity is supposed to be lower when an ulcer is located more proximally, these results suggest that Brunner's glands become hyperplastic not only with the presence of an ulcer in the duodenum but also by acid hypersecretion of the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Measurement error in assessing the size of posterior subcapsular cataracts from retroillumination photographs.

Twenty-six eyes with posterior subcapsular opacities of various sizes were photographed with the Neitz-Kawara Retroillumination camera. The outline of the opacity in a single photograph of each opacity was traced onto a transparent plastic overlay twice by two independent outliners. Two methods were used to estimate the area within the outlines of the opacities. In the first, a transparent overlay with a standard grid was used to count the number of boxes within the outlines. The second method used computer planimetry to estimate the area within the tracings. We estimated the measurement error associated with a single outlining of an opacity and the contribution of the measurement error to overall sample size requirements in studies comparing the mean areas of posterior subcapsular opacities. Variability in the measurement techniques contributed fewer than 20 additional subjects to overall sample size estimates, a small contribution to total sample size requirements in most studies. An outliner's inherent variability in outlining an opacity was a much larger contributor to the measurement error than was variability in assessing the area of the outline of the opacity. While within outliner variability was similar for the two persons outlining the opacities, there were systematic differences in the way the two traced the outlines. Variability from the use of separate photographs of the same opacity taken by different photographers was minimal.

Cataract↗
PubMed1989

[Statistical analysis of Marfan's syndrome].

To evaluate the ocular complications of Marfan's syndrome which cause severe visual disturbance, we retrospectively investigated 104 patients (208 eyes) with Marfan's syndrome. Dislocation of the lens, the most frequent ocular manifestation, was detected in 151 eyes (72.6%). There were 33 eyes with a visual acuity 0.1 or less. In this group, we found retinal detachment in 12 eyes (36.4%) and glaucoma in 5 eyes (15.2%) as the causes of visual disturbance. Among 17 eyes with retinal detachment, 5 eyes (29.4%) had horizontally dislocated lens. On the other hand. The lens dislocation in a downward direction was found in 5 (22.7%) of 22 eyes with glaucoma. No lens dislocation in an upward direction was found in eyes with glaucoma. The incidence of retinal detachment in aphakic eyes (5/31, 16.1%) was higher than that in the phakic group (16/177, 9.0%). In only 2 (3.6%) of 56 eyes, did the lens dislocation become markedly worse during the observation period. From these data, we re-confirmed that retinal detachment and glaucoma are the most important ocular complications of Marfan's syndrome leading to severe visual disturbance. The decision to operate on the dislocated lens should be made cautiously.

Adolescent↗