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Biomedical subjects

K Kano

Publications and source records attributed to K Kano.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Sites of action of the KCl-soluble protein in the stimulation of protein synthesis in sea urchin systems.

The sites of action of the KCl-soluble protein (KSP) in the stimulation of amino acid incorporation were studied with cell-free systems from sea urchin embryos. The reduced form of KSP stimulated amino acid- and tRNA-dependent AMP exchange in the amino acid activation and initiation steps. Stimulation of the binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA (Phe-tRNA) to 40 S ribosomes by KSP was found; the reaction was considered to be the binding to the donor site of ribosomes, based on the results of puromycin treatment, so this stimulation is assumed to occur at the initiation step. All other steps of amino acid-dependent exchange of PPi and ATP as well as hydroxamate formation, amino acid acceptor activity of tRNA, the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, mRNA, and synthetic polynucleotide to ribosomes, translocation and peptide bond formation, and the termination and release of peptides from ribosomes, were apparently insensitive to KSP. Cyclic variation was observed in the activities of amino acid- and tRNA-dependent AMP exchange with ATP and the binding of aminoacyl (acylated and nonacylated)t-RNA to ribosomes using 12,000 x g supernatant. The reduced form of KSP itself had AMP exhange activity in amino acid activation. The reaction involved was confirmed to be aminoacyl transfer from aminoacyl-AMP to tRNA. However, low activities were observed for the bindings of Phe-and acetylphenylalanyl (AcPhe)-tRNA to ribosomes. Small molecular SH-reagents reacted in a different way from reduced KSP both in the AMP exchange reaction and the binding of aminoacy1-tRNA to ribosomes.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1977

Humoral antibody response in rat renal allotransplantation.

Female inbred Fischer (F344) rats were grafted with kidneys from female BN rats. Humoral antibodies in some of the recipients were demonstrated as early as 3 days after transplantation: (1) antibodies bound to the graft were detected by mixed agglutination tests with graft sections and erythrocytes of the donor as indicator cells; (2) lytic and agglutinating antibodies against donor strain erythrocytes were demonstrated in the recipients' sera by hemolysis in agar gel and dextran hemagglutination tests; and (3) similar antibodies secreted by a significant number of cells were detected in the recipients' spleens by plaque assay. The antibody response of the recipients was directed against a single antigen, designated N, which was shown to be present on erythrocytes of 57% of Fischer strain rats and was shared by erythrocytes of all rat strains tested (BN, Lewis, Wistar, ACI, MAXX, and Buffalo). The N antigen did not seem to belong to any known rat histocompatibility antigen system. Segregation of the gene coding for this antigen within the Fischer strain would indicate residual genetic heterogeneity. Evidence was presented that this antigen is present not only on erythrocytes, but also on other cells including splenocytes.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1977

Paul-Bunnell antigen in lymphoma and leukemia spleens.

Lymphoid cells obtained from spleens of patients with lymphomas or leukemias were studied for the presence of heterophile (Paul-Bunnell (P-B)) antigen. A mixed agglutination (MA) test was established utilizing monolayers of cells attached to poly-L-lysine-coated wells of plastic U plates. After incubation of the monolayers with infectious mononeucleosis (IM) sera, indicator cells, sheep, or trypsinized bovine erythrocytes were added. The results were assessed according to sedimentation patterns of the indicator cells on the monolayers. Positive MA reactions were shown to be due to specific binding of P-B antibodies to the corresponding antigens on the spleen cells. Positive results were obtained with 15 of 37 spleens from patients with Hodgkin's disease, 5 of 8 lymphoma spleens, 4 of 15 chronic myelocytic leukemia spleens and 2 of 4 chronic lymphocytic leukemia spleens. Only 2 of 25 spleens from patients with various other diseases and 1 of 26 apparently normal thymus specimens gave positive results. This study confirmed demonstration of P-B antigen in lymphoma and leukemia by means of absorption experiments, which was reported previously.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Polyamine transport and metabolism in mouse mammary gland. General properties and hormonal regulation.

Mouse mammary gland has been shown to possess a transport system for spermidine, spermine, and putrescine. The uptake system for sperimidine, as studied in detail on mammary explants in culture is a time-dependent, energy-requiring process which can be stimulated by insulin and prolactin. The stimulatory effect of insulin involves both enhancement of Vmax for spermidine influx and prevention of efflux of the polyamine, whereas prolactin, in the presence of insulin, elicits a greater increase in Vmax for spermidine. Studies are also reported on the effects of temperature, concentration, and various inhibitors on this system. The accumulated spermidine exists virtually in an unchanged form with little metabolic conversion to either spermine or putrescine or to its conjugated form. In contrast, spermine and putrescine, both of which are also taken up by mammary explants, undergo metabolic conversion to spermidine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Synthesis of the acid-soluble proteins in early cleaving embryos of the sea urchin. Cyclic synthesis of histones.

Synthesis of the acid-soluble proteins in the early cleavage stage of the sea urichin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was investigated. As detected by the incorporation of lysine, the acid-soluble proteins were synthesized periodically even before the first cleavage, differing from the pattern of incorporation of tryptophan into the fraction. Cyclic synthesis occurred almost in parallel with DNA synthesis. However, the phase and periodicity of cyclic synthesis of the acid-soluble protein fraction were quite different from those found in the hot TCA-insoluble (acid-insoluble) protein fraction. The acid-soluble proteins were adsorbed on cation exchange resin, Amberlite CG-50, and gave an elution profile similar to that found for calf thymus histones. The migration pattern of these proteins on acrylamide gel also resembled that of histones.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Circulating immune complexes after kidney transplantation.

Sera from patients who had received renal allografts were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes by using platelet aggregation technique combined with density gradient centrifugation. A simple and highly reproducible modification of the platelet aggregation technique, employing the use of relatively small amounts of blood from pretested donors as the source for platelets, is described. Immune complexes were detected in post-transplantation sera from 3 out of 16 patients. The development of a persistent immune complex state as a consequence of grafting was concluded in one patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Heterophile antigen detectable by infectious mononucleosis sera on bone marrow cells.

By means of mixed agglutination test and indirect immunofluorescence test, reactions of infectious mononucleosis sera with bone marrow cells were investigated. Positive reactions were observed with bovine, murine and rat bone marrow cells, but negative results were obtained with cells of monkeys and guinea pigs. Absorption studies demonstrated that the observed reactions are due to interaction of the Paul-Bunnell antigen on bone marrow cells with its corresponding antibodies in infectious mononucleosis sera. Whereas all cells of bovine bone marrow gave positive results, only 50% of murine or rat cells were positive and these cells were shown to be neutrophilic granulocytes. Evidence was also presented that the Paul-Bunnell antigen and Fc receptor are present, apart from each other, on murine neutrophilic granulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immune deposit nephritis in infectious mononucleosis.

A 22-year-old white male (L.V.) died of gram-negative septicemia complicating infectious mononucleosis (IM) that was associated with jaundice and oliguric renal failure. The kidney showed mesangial granular deposits of IgM and C3, mesangial electrondense deposits, and interstitial infiltrates of infiltrates of mononuclear cells, including atypical lymphocytes. Eluates obtained from kidney, spleen and liver contained Paul--Bunnell (PB) antibodies. Presence of PB antigens in these tissues was indicated by absorption of PB antibodies from IM sera, with the sediments resulting from tissue elutions. The IgM mesangial deposits were partially eluted with acid buffer at 56 degrees C and then reconstituted by incubation with IM sera or with immunoglobulins eluted from tissues of patient L.V. The presence in renal structures of PB antigens, IgM heterophile antibody, C3 and electron-dense deposits is consistent with the hypothesis that heterophile immune complexes were localized in the kidney and that they contribute in the pathogenisis of IM nephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Heterophile antibodies in pathologic human sera resembling antibodies stimulated by foreign species sera.

Studies were performed on heterphile antibodies originally described by Hanganutziu and Deicher and referred to as H-D antibodies. It was confirmed that these antibodies appear as a result of injections of foreign species sera. They differ from Forssman antibodies by combining with bovine erythrocytes and from Paul-Bunnell antibodies by reacting with guinea-pig kidney. it was demonstrated that H-D antibodies react in double diffusion gel precipitation tests with: (1) crude extract of bovine erythrocyte stromata; (2) purified fraction of this extract devoid of Paul-Bunnell antigen; (3) whole bovine serum and sera of several other species; and (4) thermostable ethanol-insoluble freactions of serum and organs of oxen and several other species. These various antigenic preparations gave usually reactions of complete or partial identity with each other. In several instances, two or even three precipitation lines could be detected. H-D negative human erythrocytes became coated with H-D antigen upon simple incubation with H-D-positive sera. H-D antibodies were also detected in some pathological human sera without any indication that the patients had ever received injections of foreign species sera. Such antibodies were undistinguishable from H-D antibodies engendered by injections of foreign sera.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Do American born Japanese children still grow faster than native Japanese?

Growth patterns of Japanese schoolchildren in Hawaii, composed of 2,954 boys and 3,213 girls aged between 11 and 17, were compared with those comparable groups of Japanese schoolchildren in Japan based on the data published by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Growth characteristics studied were height, weight, and relative weight index, weight/(height). The Hawaii-Japanese boys were taller at early ages but the difference disappeared by age 16. Native Japanese girls were shorter than Hawaii-Japanese until age 13, but they overtook the latter by age 14, exceeding them in height after age 15. A similar pattern was found in weights of girls but the Hawaii-Japanese boys remained consistently heavier by 5.0 to 9.0 kg than native Japanese. The relative weight measure indicated that the Hawaii boys were more "obese" than native Japanese boys for the growth period studied; whereas the same tendency was maintained until age 15 in girls. These observations indicate a marked degree of convergence of the patterns of physical growth of the two populations, whose differences were unmistakably in favor of American born children in earlier studies. It is concluded that the convergence is due largely to the improved environmental conditions in Japan in recent years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies on heterophile antibodies in transplantation sera.

By means of double diffusion in gel reactions, "heterophile" antibodies were demonstrated in human renal transplantation sera. Of thirty-two recipients of renal allografts, 12 (37 per cent) had antibodies to extract of bovine erythrocyte stromata, and 5 (19 per cent) of 26 recipients produced antibodies to extract of sheep erythrocyte stromata. These antibodies became detectable 1-6 months after transplantation and persisted for several months or years. However, the strength of reactions given by individual serum samples from the same recipient varied considerably. Sera from the same recipient gave a reaction of identify, while sera from two different recipients frequently gave reactions of partial identity or nonidentity. The antibodies reacting with bovine stroma extract were distinct from those reacting with sheep stroma extract. Evidence was also presented that the heterophile antibodies in transplantation sera are different from Paul-Bunnell antibodies in infectious mononucleosis sera. Some of the HL-A typing sera were shown to contain antibodies against bovine stroma extract. The antigen recognized by these sera in the bovine stroma extract was not related to any HL-A specificity. Three of eight rabbits which received skin and renal allografts formed antibodies against bovine stroma extract. Absorption studies clearly demonstrated that these antibodies are directed against antigens present in the donor's, but not in the recipient's tissues.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Double diffusion in gel tests with Paul-Bunnell antibodies of infectious mononucleosis sera.

Double diffusion tests in gel were employed for studies of reactions between infectious mononucleosis sera and extracts of bovine, sheep and equine erythrocyte stromata. The extracts were obtained by ultrasonication of stromata prepared from trypsin-digested erythrocytes. The reaction with bovine stroma extract was composed, in many instances, of two lines. A single line was observed in reactions with sheep and equine stroma extracts. This line merged into a reaction of partial or complete identy with one of the lines formed with bovine stroma extract. Evidence was obtained that some infectioous mononucleosis sera may contain heterophile (Paul-Bunnell) antibodies belonging to IgG class in addition to those of IgM nature.

Animals↗