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Biomedical subjects

K Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaneko.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cefaclor concentration in pus from abscess caused by odontogenic infection after a single oral administration.

1. Cefaclor concentrations in serum and pus from abscess of odontogenic infection after a single oral administration of 500-mg cefaclor were assayed and pus concentrations were compared with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oral streptococci isolated from odontogenic infection. 2. The mean peak concentrations in serum and pus were found at identical times, 1.5 hr after administration, which were 7.22 and 0.72 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. The mean ratio of pus:serum concentration at the peak time was 0.10. 4. Most cefaclor concentrations in pus at the peak time (seven of nine cases) exceeded the MIC for 90% of oral streptococci (0.5 micrograms/ml).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Family study of acute intermittent porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria in Niigata and Akita Prefectures, Japan.

Simple screening tests, urinary porphobilinogen (PBG) for acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and fecal coproporphyrin for hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), were performed in a family study of AIP and HCP. Urinary PBG was positive in 93 of 211 members of 10 AIP families, but was negative in 568 of 572 controls. Fecal coproporphyrin was positive in 54 of 108 members of 10 HCP families, but was negative in 188 controls. A dominant inheritance was assumed by a chi-square test and Weinberg segregation ratio. Worsening factors around puberty were suggested by the onset age and cumulative percentage of genetically loaded cases. Sex-related expression of symptoms was also inferred by a higher incidence of both porphyrias in females than in males. Fitness and penetrance of both porphyrias were good. An l-triiodothyronine loading test was the most useful for the detection of masked carriers of AIP. In conclusion, AIP and HCP in Japan show a dominant inheritance with sex-related metabolic and clinical manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effect of current direction induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation on the corticospinal excitability in human brain.

Evoked spinal cord potentials (ESCPs) from the cervical epidural space and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the hand muscles were recorded simultaneously in 6 subjects following transcranial magnetic stimulation in two different coil orientations on motor cortex. The onset latency of the MEPs was approximately 1 ms shorter when the induced current flowed in a latero-medial direction (L-M stimulation) on the motor cortex as compared to a postero-anterior direction (P-A stimulation). Hence, L-M stimulation elicited an earlier component of the ESCPs than that induced by P-A stimulation. During general anesthesia with Sevoflurane, only the first component of the ESCPs could be elicited routinely following L-M stimulation. In contrast, all components of the ESCPs were dramatically attenuated following P-A stimulation. Moreover, first component latency of the ESCPs induced by L-M stimulation was almost the same as that induced by transcranial anodal electrical stimulation. These results suggest that if the induced current following transcranial magnetic stimulation flows in a latero-medial direction on motor cortex, it preferentially stimulates the corticospinal tract non-synaptically (producing a D-wave). However, if the induced current flows in a postero-anterior direction, it preferentially stimulates the corticospinal tract trans-synaptically (producing I-waves). Therefore, the direction of magnetically induced current is crucial in determining corticospinal excitability in the human brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of chronic treatment with haloperidol on [3H]PK 11195 binding in the rat brain and peripheral tissues.

The effects of chronic treatment with haloperidol on [3H]PK 11195 binding and labelling of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in the rat brain and peripheral tissues were investigated using an in vitro receptor binding technique. The intraperitoneal injection with haloperidol (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) for 21 days produced a significant increase in the specific [3H]PK 11195 binding only in the olfactory bulb, but not in the other brain areas or peripheral tissues, while single or subchronic (4 days or 7 days) administration with the drug (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to increase the binding in the olfactory bulb. Scatchard analysis revealed a significant increase in the maximum number of [3H]PK 11195 binding sites in the olfactory bulb after chronic treatment with haloperidol, showing no change in the affinity of the binding. These results suggest that there is an interaction between PBR and the pharmacological actions of haloperidol in the brain area, and that some compensatory mechanism may be involved in the PBR changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Unilateral anomalous left common carotid artery; a case report.

An anomaly of the left common carotid artery was observed in a Japanese male cadaver during an anatomy class at the Saitama Medical School in 1995. The superior thyroid, lingual and facial arteries arose from the common carotid artery, and the posterior auricular, maxillary and superficial temporal arteries arose from the common carotid artery by a common trunk. The occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries arose from the internal carotid artery. The left carotid body (glomus caroticum) was observed to be slightly below the lingual artery, behind the common carotid artery, and it was located at the level of the intervertebral disk between C2 and C3 or at the same level as the right carotid body. The carotid body was richly innervated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and by a plexus of sympathetic fibers from the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. We assumed that the artery above the level of the carotid body was the internal carotid artery; there was no specific external carotid artery and all branches of the external carotid artery arose from the internal carotid artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Production of monoclonal antibodies against quail Pax-1.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against quail Pax-1 were generated using a fusion protein of the C-terminal part of Pax-1 and glutathione S-transferase. The MAbs generated could detect quail Pax-1 protein by Western blotting and immunoprecipitate it from whole cell extracts of quail embryos, indicating their usefulness for biochemical analyses of Pax-1 protein function in development or oncogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Diagnostic utility of endoscopic ultrasonography for preoperative rectal cancer staging estimation.

The preoperative staging accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was assessed in 38 rectal cancer patients who underwent rectal EUS and curative surgery from July 1992 to September 1994. We used a GF-UM20 instrument with both 12- and 7.5-MHz transducers. Compared with the histological findings, the diagnostic accuracy rate for EUS was 76% (29/38) for the invasion depth and 85% (sensitivity) and 72% (specificity) for level one lymph node metastasis, resulting in an overall preoperative staging accuracy of 74% (28/38). The diagnostic accuracy of invasion depth was poor (only 45%: 5/11) in cases shown histologically to be a1 (tumor invasion through muscularis propria into parietal fat), but ranged from 90 to 100% when the a1 cases were excluded. The diagnostic accuracy for level one lymph node metastasis was proportional to the nodal size. The size of lymph nodes that had been diagnosed as metastatic and non-metastatic (P < 0.05) differed significantly. Eighteen (86%) of the 21 metastatic nodes with histologically massive invasion were detected preoperatively by EUS. Eight of the 11 undetected metastatic nodes were either less than 4 mm in diameter or showed only slight invasion. Most (81%) of the level one metastatic nodes larger than 5 mm were found. The worst preoperative staging diagnostic accuracy was for stage II cases (63%: 5/8), and in four of the 10 misdiagnosed cases, the stage was underestimated due to slight nodal invasion or skip metastasis (2 cases each). Although it was difficult to diagnose nodal metastasis correctly in these cases, preoperative staging using EUS was considered useful for diagnosing almost 80% of our rectal cancer cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

A case of advanced gastric cancer complicated by severe toxicity induced by a combination of tegafur, uracil and mitomycin C, and associated with abnormal pharmacokinetics.

A 60-year-old female patient with gastric cancer and lymph node and liver metastases was treated with a combination of tegafur and uracil (UFT) (375 mg/m2/day) and mitomycin C (MMC) (5 mg/m2 once weekly). On day 15, when diarrhea appeared, chemotherapy was stopped immediately. On day 21, the WBC decreased to 900/microl and high fever developed. Despite treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and antibiotics, leukopenia persisted and the patient went into septic shock on day 26. On day 34, WBC increased to 5,400/microl and she recovered, with reduction in the size of the lymph node and liver metastases. Pharmacokinetic examination after intravenous injection of low-dose MMC (0.5 mg/m2) showed a markedly high peak plasma concentration (PPC), a large area under the time-versus-concentration curve (AUC) and reduced clearance. Similarly, oral administration of UFT (tegafur 300 mg/body) produced a relatively higher PPC and a larger AUC of 5-fluorouracil (FU). The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of FU, in peripheral mononuclear cells was within the normal range (0.265 nmol/min/mg). MMC is believed to have played a large part in inducing the severe toxicity observed in this patient. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of severe toxicity during treatment with UFT and MMC, although details of its incidence and mechanism are unclear.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Soluble complement receptor type 1 inhibited the systemic organ injury caused by acid instillation into a lung.

BACKGROUND: Acid aspiration into one lung causes contralateral lung injury and systemic organ injury; this injury is thought to be mediated by the sequestration of activated neutrophils. Recombinant human soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) inhibits both the classical and alternative complement pathways; this study investigated the role of the complement system in unilateral acid lung injury by measuring the effects of administering sCR1 before or immediately after acid instillation. METHODS: Anesthetized rats (n = 18 in each group) underwent tracheostomy and insertion of a cannula into the anterior segment of the left lung. Then either 0.1 ml 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl group) or 0.1 ml pH 7.4 phosphate buffered-saline (PBS group) was instilled. Fifteen minutes before (pre-sCR1 group) or 15 min after (post-sCR1 group) the acid was instilled, 10 mg/kg sCR1 was administered intravenously. Four hours after the acid instillation, rats were killed. In an additional 4 rats in each group, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained 1 h after the instillation of either acid or PBS were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity. RESULTS: The instillation of acid led to an increased wet-to-dry ratio of 5.2 +/- 0.1 in the acid-instilled lungs compared with their contralateral lungs (4.7 +/- 0.06). These values were greater than the values of 4.6 +/- 0.2 and 4.5 +/- 0.03 in the PBS-instilled lungs and their contralateral lungs, respectively (P < 0.05). The administration of sCR1 before or immediately after the instillation of acid did not attenuate the increase in the wet-to-dry ratio of the acid-instilled lungs. However, the small but consistent increase in the wet-to-dry ratio of the contralateral lungs was attenuated by the sCR1 infusions (P < 0.05). The instillation of acid increased the protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the injured lungs (1,000 +/- 206 micrograms/ml) compared with the protein concentration measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from their contralateral lungs (254 +/- 55 micrograms/ml). The administration of sCR1 before or immediately after the instillation of acid did not decrease the protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the acid-instilled lungs. The myeloperoxidase activity was increased in the acid-instilled lung, in their contralateral lung, and in the small intestines of the animals. The infusions of sCR1 before or immediately after the administration of acid led to significant decreases in the myeloperoxidase activities measured in the lungs and the intestines of the treated animals. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity was only increased (2.7 +/- 1.1 U/ml) in the animals that had received acid instillations. The infusions of sCR1, administered either before or immediately after the acid instillations, significantly decreased the measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity in the plasma (0.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.0 +/- 0.7 U/ml, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the injury of the contralateral lung and of the small intestine after unilateral instillation of acid to the lung. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical utility of antiinflammatory agents in acid-induced lung injury.

Acids↗
PubMed1996

Losartan reduces cardiac mass and improves coronary flow reserve in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of losartan administration on cardiovascular mass, systemic and coronary hemodynamics (rest, maximal treadmill exercise, and dipyridamole infusion) and on resting regional hemodynamics in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. RESULTS: Although losartan administration (two doses: 10 and 30 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks by gavage) reduced left ventricular mass at the higher dose in WKY rats and with both doses in SHR, only the higher dose reduced arterial pressure in SHR. Losartan administration did not affect cardiac index, myocardial or other organ flows (radiomicrosphere) at rest in both strains. Significant increases in cardiac index and coronary flow and decreases in coronary vascular resistance were observed during exercise in both strains and these responses were not affected by losartan administration. Compared with those in WKY rats, coronary flow and flow reserve (dipyridamole) were decreased and minimal coronary vascular resistance was increased in untreated SHR. Administration of a higher losartan dose increased coronary flow reserve and decreased minimal coronary vascular resistance (measured during dipyridamole infusion) in SHR. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that losartan administration reduced left ventricular mass, a response that did not seem to be solely dependent on afterload. Furthermore, cardiac and stroke indices and coronary flow reserve were not changed in SHR during maximal treadmill exercise after hypertrophy reversal, even with the lower dose of losartan and when the ventricular afterload was similar to that of untreated SHR.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1996

Increased cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) in the gall-bladder epithelium of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction is associated frequently with gall-bladder carcinoma. Although increased turnover of the gall-bladder epithelium in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction is thought to predispose to carcinogenesis, there is little data to confirm this hypothesis. In addition, no previously published study has addressed the process underlying cell proliferation. In this study, cell kinetics were first evaluated using two methods, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical staining and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining. Second, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), a potential regulator of cell proliferation in the gall-bladder. The gall-bladders of 11 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction were studied, and 11 gall-bladders removed from patients during other surgery were used as controls. The number of PCNA-positive cells and the number of AgNOR per nucleus were significantly greater in the gall-bladders of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction than in the control gall-bladders. The expression of TGF alpha was also significantly greater in the gallbladders of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction than in the control gall-bladders. In conclusion, these results suggest that the increased TGF alpha expression induced by pancreaticobiliary maljunction promotes proliferation of the gall-bladder epithelium, which may lead to carcinogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Improvement of bone disease with increased dose of glucocerebrosidase in a Gaucher disease patient who had a bone lesion presenting during low-dose enzyme replacement therapy.

In recent years, enzyme replacement therapy has been shown to be useful for the treatment of Gaucher disease. A 10 year old Japanese boy with Gaucher disease underwent splenectomy at the age of 5 years and received enzyme replacement therapy from the age of 6 years. He had avascular necrosis of the bilateral femoral heads, which was not seen at the beginning of the therapy, without deterioration of hematological variables during maintenance therapy. The enzyme dosage was increased from 20 to 120 IU/kg per month resulting in an improvement of the clinical symptoms and bone lesion. In enzyme replacement therapy, dose increase is considered to be essential for improvement in bone disease; however, it is important to watch for the development of bone lesion.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Masked ureteral duplication with ectopic ureter detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of a masked duplex kidney system is described. A 9 year old girl was admitted to our hospital for urinary incontinence. She was found to possess an ectopic ureter associated with complete ureteral duplication. She had been evaluated for incontinence at several hospitals, but neither ultrasound sonography nor intravenous pyelography detected any abnormalities. Only cystoscopic examination and MRI detected the anomalies. Partial nephroureterectomy resolved the patient's incontinence. MRI is useful for the detection of ureteral duplication and should be used on cases in which this condition is suspected, prior to performing invasive procedures.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Biochemical and clinical study of muscle atrophy at thenar and hypothenar eminences in patients with cirrhosis.

The results of various biochemical examinations in 14 patients with cirrhosis (6 males and 8 females) with muscle atrophy at the thenar and hypothenar eminence (muscle atrophy group; mAG) were compared with those in 13 patients (8 males and 5 females) with cirrhosis without muscle atrophy at these sites (non-muscle atrophy group; NmAG). All patients were elderly men and women (mAG and NmAG, mean age, 69 +/- 3 years and 60 +/- 7, respectively). In most mAG patients, muscle atrophy was accompanied by palmar erythema. Muscle atrophy was histologically demonstrated by biopsy. Furthermore, electromyography and magnetic resonance study of the cervical spinal cord revealed that the atrophy was of myogenic rather than neurogenic origin. The Child-Pugh score, body mass index and sex hormone level in urine (total 24 h) in the two groups were compared along with the biochemical results. There were no significant differences between the two groups in urine estrogen and testosterone levels. The urinary creatinine excretion was significantly reduced in mAG. The creatine phosphokinese, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and aldolase levels in serum did not differ significantly in the two groups, whereas the serum albumin level was significantly increased in NmAG. Significant differences were observed only for the serum albumin level, age and body mass index. Thus, we consider that palmar muscle atrophy in patients with cirrhosis is not due to hormonal excess in serum, but may be attributable to advanced age and diminished physical strength.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Heart rate variability during artificial ventilation and apnea in brain-damaged rabbits.

The effect of artificial ventilation, apnea, and norepinephrine administration on heart rate variability was determined in brain-damaged rabbits. Electrocardiographic R-R intervals and circulatory variables were measured for 5 min at three different ventilatory frequencies, including apnea under isoflurane general anesthesia. The same measurements were repeated after brain damage was inflicted by an inflated intracranial balloon. In control rabbits (n = 8) and in those receiving norepinephrine (n = 8), power spectral analysis of R-R intervals was repeated, and spectral components of low (LF: 0.04-0.09 Hz), mid (MF: 0.09-0.15 Hz), and high (HF: 0.15-0.40 Hz) frequency band areas were assessed. LF + MF (P < 0.05) increased during apnea, whereas HF did not change under general anesthesia. However, after brain damage in both groups LF + MF did not change, whereas HF was depressed (P < 0.05). There was no intergroup difference in decreases of HF/(LF + MF) (P < 0.05) during apnea under either condition. Norepinephrine increased heart rate and arterial pressure (P < 0.05) but did not produce any intergroup difference in the spectral components. We suggest that sympathovagal balance is apt to be sympathotonic during apnea under general anesthesia, whereas it is vagolytic with brain damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with Chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

Nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. The characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. Moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. Immunohistologically, a small number of C. psittaci antigens was demonstrated in necrotic foci of the liver and correlated with distribution of elementary bodies. Moderate numbers of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antigens were also detected in degenerating and necrotizing parenchymal cells in various organs and correlated with distribution of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Thus, these aborted bovine fetuses and newborn calf were interpreted as being dually infected with C. psittaci and IBR virus during pregnancy.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1996

Keio multicenter trial in high-dose interferon-alpha 2b treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Keio Interferon-alpha 2b Study Group.

The efficacy of two different high-dose treatment of IFN-alpha 2b was evaluated in this study. Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels were semi-quantified by simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-one patients with chronic hepatitis C received 10 million units of IFN-alpha 2b daily for 2 weeks or twice a week for 24 weeks. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels overall normalized in 78.1% and 51.6% of the cases at the end of the therapy and 6 months after that, respectively. HCV RNA disappeared in 71.9% and 35.7% of the patients at the end of the therapy and 6 months after that, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 different regimes. The efficacy of the treatment was fair in cases in which the pretreatment level of the viral amount was low. The results of this study indicate that daily administration of IFN in the first 2 weeks during 6-month course does not increase the efficacy of the therapy in such a high-dose treatment regime.

Adult↗