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Biomedical subjects

K Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaneda.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human interleukin-2.

A series of hybridoma cell lines which produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) have been established by fusion of murine myeloma cell line P3-NS1-1-AG4-1 and spleen cells of BALB/c mice which had been immunized with rIL-2. 48 hybridoma strains were selected by a solid-phase screening method which produced MAbs reacting with IL-2: four MAbs, L-15, L-20, L-34, and L-61, exhibited strong inhibition of the proliferating effect of rIL-2 on IL-2-dependent cell lines, NK7 and CTLL-2. L-61, the most potent MAb among them, also neutralized natural human IL-2, while the other three MAbs were unreactive. All the four MAbs were specific to human IL-2: they did not cross-react with mouse or rat IL-2. These MAbs are expected to be useful tools in the investigation of IL-2 function.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of mycolic acid-containing glycolipids in Nocardia rubra and their granuloma forming activity in mice.

Three classes of glycolipids (TMM (trehalose monomycolate), TDM (trehalose dimycolate) and GM (glucose mycolate] containing mycolic acids as hydrophobic components were isolated from a strain of Nocardia rubra (Rhodococcus rubrum) and their structures have been partially characterized using infrared spectrometry, gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acid or alkaline hydrolysis of isolated glycolipids revealed that trehalose was the sole water soluble component in TMM and TDM, while glucose was the hydrophilic component in GM. On the other hand, saturated, monoenoic and dienoic mycolic acids with carbon atoms ranging from C36 to C50 contained constituents of fatty acid moiety at C44. From the analytical results, TMM, TDM and GM were tentatively identified as trehalose monomycolate, trehalose dimycolate and glucose monomycolate, respectively. The mycolic acid composition differed significantly by the glycolipid classes: the highest amount of saturated mycolic acids were detected in TMM and GM, while a significant amount of dienoic mycolic acids have been found in TDM and the cell wall bound lipid fraction (BL). All these three classes of glycolipids containing mycolic acids showed strong granuloma forming activity in lungs and spleen of ICR mice 1 week after intravenous injection of 100 to 500 micrograms glycolipid in W/O/W micelles containing Freund's incomplete adjuvant. These results indicated that glycolipids containing shorter carbon chain mycolic acids ranging C40-50, corresponding to less acyl numbers or monosaccharides such as glucose, can also produce foreign body-type granuloma in mice without protein antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Granuloma formation and hemopoiesis induced by C36-48-mycolic acid-containing glycolipids from Nocardia rubra.

As previously reported (I. Yano, I. Tomiyasu, S. Kitabatake, and K. Kaneda, Acta Leprologica 2:341-349, 1984), Nocardia rubra, one of the nonpathogenic actinomycetes, possesses three classes of mycolic acid-containing glycolipid, i.e., glucose mycolate, trehalose dimycolate, and trehalose monomycolate. The carbon chain length of their mycolic acids is shorter (C36-48) than that in mycobacteria (longer than C70), and the glycolipid consists of only alpha-mycolic acid. One intravenous administration of 500 micrograms of each purified glycolipid to ICR mice in the form of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion without any protein antigens caused prominent granuloma formation in the lungs, spleen, and liver. The lung index in the treated mice was about 3.5 times larger than that in the control mice (given water-in-oil-in-water emulsion only) at 1 week after the injection and then rapidly declined, while spleen and liver indices peaked at 2 weeks after the injection and persisted longer. The granuloma consisted of macrophages, some of which phagocytized glycolipid micelles, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. In addition, many small hemopoietic islands were observed in the liver sinusoids, where various immature blood cells were trapped by the prominent cytoplasmic projections of Kupffer cells. The granuloma formation and hemopoiesis observed here are considered to be the most characteristic morphological expression of macrophage activation in these organs. This is the first report to show that such histological changes can be induced by chemically defined and homogeneous mycolic acid-containing glycolipids other than those of mycobacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Determination of molecular species composition of C80 or longer-chain alpha-mycolic acids in Mycobacterium spp. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass chromatography.

The molecular species composition of alpha-mycolic acids ranging from C68 to C86 in 13 rapidly growing and 12 slowly growing mycobacterial species was determined by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and mass chromatography. In gas chromatographic analysis, the molecular species of alpha-mycolic acids were well separated as trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the methyl esters, according to their total carbon numbers. The total carbon and double-bond numbers of mycolic acids at each peak on gas chromatograms were determined from the [M]+, [M - 15]+, and [M - 90]+ ions on the mass spectrum, and straight and branched chain structures were identified by the mass fragment ions [A]+, due to C2--C3 cleavage [R-CH-O-Si(CH3)3]+, and [B]+, due to C3--C4 cleavage [(CH3)3-Si-O-CH-CH(R')-COOCH3]+. The concentration of odd- and even-carbon-numbered mycolic acids, which often overlap each other on gas chromatograms, and the composition of three homologous mycolic acids with different alpha units (C22:0, C24:0, and C26:0) were clearly determined by mass chromatography monitoring [M - 15]+ ions and [B - 29]+ ions, respectively. The molecular species composition of alpha-mycolic acids and their average carbon numbers (av. cn.) as a simple expression of the composition were calculated from the mass chromatograms. Each mycobacterial species examined was demonstrated to possess a characteristic profile of alpha-mycolic acid composition, and based on this the species were classified approximately into eight groups: C68 to C76 (av. cn. 72), dienoic, possessing a C20 alkyl branch at the 2 position (C22 alpha-unit) for Mycobacterium diernhoferi and Mycobacterium sp. strain 3707, a chromogenic rapid grower; C72 to C78 (av. cn. 75), dienoic with both C22 and C24 alpha units, containing a small or a large amount of odd-carbon-numbered molecules, for M. vaccae, M. rhodesiae, and M. phlei (chromogenic rapid growers); C72 to C80 (av. cn. 75 to 77), dienoic with C24 alpha-unit, containing a moderate or a large amount of odd-carbon-numbered molecules, for M. smegmatis, M. chitae, M. chelonae (M. chelonei), and M. fortuitum (nonchromogenic rapid growers); C78 to C82 (av. cn. 80), even-carbon-numbered dienoic with C24 alpha unit for M. agri and M. thermoresistible (rapid growers); C75 to C81 (av. cn. 77 to 79), odd-carbon-numbered dienoic with C24 alpha unit for M. nonchromogenicum complex (M. nonchromogenicum, M. terrae, and "M. novum") (slow growers); (vi) C76 to C84 (av. cn. 79 to 81), even-carbon-numbered dienoic with C24 alpha unit for MAIS complex including M. scrofulaceum, M. avium, and M. intracellulare (slow growers); (vii) C72 to C80 (av. cn. 77 to 79), even-carbon-numbered dienoic with C24 alpha unit for M. szulgai, M. gordonae, and M. kansasii (chromogenic slow growers); and (viii) C76 to C86 (av. cn. 79 to 81), even-carbon-numbered dienoic with C26 alpha unit M. bovis Ravenol and BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. This study demonstrated that gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the molecular species composition of alpha-mycolic acid can give rapid, important, and very precise information for the identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacterial species.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical study on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics].

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) was administered to pediatric patients with infections, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study Two children, 11 years of age (38 kg body weight) and 3 years of age (15.5 kg body weight), were administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion a single dose of 500 mg/500 mg (13.2 mg/13.2 mg per kg) and 250 mg/250 mg (16.1 mg/16.1 mg per kg) of MK-0787/MK-0791, respectively. Serum concentrations of MK-0787 reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion at a value of 56.33 micrograms/ml and 55.98 micrograms/ml, respectively. Concentrations of the drug decreased as the time after the administration increased, and they reached 0.14 microgram/ml and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively in the older and the younger children at 6 hours after the administration. Half-lives (T 1/2) of the drug in serum were calculated to be 1.21 hours and 1.04 hours, respectively. The concentration of the drug in cerebrospinal fluid for the 11 years old was 0.52 microgram/ml 2 hours after the drip infusion and the serum concentration at the time was 4.02 micrograms/ml. Peak serum concentrations of MK-0791 in the 2 children were 53.73 micrograms/ml and 22.99 micrograms/ml, respectively, at the end of drip infusion. After 1 hour, the serum concentration of the drug decreased to 10.54 micrograms/ml in 1 case and not detectable in the other case. Urinary recovery rates of MK-0787 in 6 hours after the drip infusion was 82.9% and 63.6% in the 2 children and those of MK-0791 were 57.9% and 74.6%. Clinical study Clinical studies on MK-0787/MK-0791 were carried out in 6 pediatric patients; 1 each with femoral cellulitis, sepsis suspected, salmonellosis, acute tonsillitis, bronchopneumonia and streptococcosis. Lengths of treatment were 2 2/3-4 days for 5 cases and 6 days for 1 case. The patients were treated by 30-60 minutes intravenous drip infusions twice a day for 1 case, and 3 times a day for 5 cases at daily doses of 54.5-66.7 mg/kg. The treatment was effective in all cases, with 3 cases judged excellent and 3 cases good. The safety of the drug was studied in 7 patients. No side effects nor clinically abnormal values were observed in any cases.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Results with Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis.

Thirty-one patients (23 adolescent, eight adult) underwent spinal fusions with Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Their curves averaged 55.2 degrees. In most patients the length of fusion did not extend beyond the major curve. Correction of scoliosis was 82% in adolescents and 59% in the adults. The kyphotic component of the curves was corrected from an average of 21 degrees to 8 degrees. Correction of the spinal vertebra rotation was 46% in the adolescent patients. The tilt angle of the vertebra at the lower end of the curve was reduced significantly. The fusion rate was 93.5%. Two of the adult patients developed pseudarthrosis. Major complications were not encountered. The Zielke instrumentation system in the management of idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis offers the advantages of a relatively good correction and minimal segment fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Human corticosteroid-binding capacities in normal, high-risk or pregnancies with an abnormal outcome.

To determine whether or not the serum corticosteroid binding capacity (CBC) level is related to the outcome of pregnancy or fetal well-being, a total of 124 determinations of CBC were performed in 96 pregnant individuals, using hydrophobic resin adsorption methods. The serum CBC values were elevated with progression of gestation. On the other hand, high-risk pregnancies or those with an abnormal outcome were among the low CBC group, below the mean value (p less than 0.001), whereas normal pregnancies were more often in the high CBC group, over the mean value, in comparison with the low CBC group below the mean value (p less than 0.001), after 28 weeks of gestation. In addition, the ratios of birth weight/placental weight and maternal weight/placental weight were slightly but not statistically high in the low CBC group, in comparison with the high CBC group. Thus, various events related to placental growth might be important factors regulating the serum CBC level. While there are many determinants of corticosteroid binding globulin production and excretion, assessment of CBC levels seems to be a reliable indicator of the outcome of pregnancy, including high-risk pregnancy, in the 3rd trimester.

Adolescent↗