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Biomedical subjects

K Kanazawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Kanazawa.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of obstructive jaundice on amylase secretion in rat pancreatic acini.

The effect of obstructive jaundice on pancreatic amylase secretion was studied in isolated pancreatic acini prepared from bile duct ligated rats (7 days postoperatively), sham operated rats being used as control. Obstructive jaundice caused increase in pancreatic wet weight, pancreatic protein content and pancreatic amylase content by 27.9%, 40.1% and 33.2%, respectively. In acini prepared from obstructive jaundice group, compared with acini from sham operation group, responsiveness to cholecystokinin (CCK) and carbachol was decreased when amylase release was expressed as the percentage of total amylase activity initially present in acini. However, sensitivity to both secretagogues was unchanged when expressed as the percentage of maximally stimulated amylase release. The dose-response curves to Ca2+ ionophore for amylase release were similarly shaped in both groups. These results suggested that a pancreatico-trophic effect, compared with altered responsiveness of pancreatic acini, should play a major role in hypersecretion in obstructive jaundice.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

An immunohistological study of HLA antigen expression by gestational choriocarcinoma.

Two cases of gestational choriocarcinoma have been examined for the expression of HLA and trophoblast antigens using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections. Approximately 40-70% of tumour cells express MHC Class I antigen as detected by a panel of antibodies to monomorphic, or framework, MHC Class I antigenic determinants. Evidence in one case suggests that most of these cells may not express the paternal, polymorphic HLA antigenic determinants but that a small subpopulation do carry the fully antigenically active molecule. These latter may give rise to patient anti-paternal HLA antibodies. Class II (HLA DR or DC) antigens are expressed by none, or very few, tumour cells.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Clinical analysis of intracranial metastases in gestational choriocarcinoma: a series of 15 cases.

Between 1963 and 1980 we have had experience of 54 patients with gestational choriocarcinoma and 29 are alive, a survival rate of 53.7%. The disease had metastasized to the central nervous system in 15 of these 54 patients, an occurrence rate of cerebral metastases of 27.8%. 13 of these 15 patients have died and 2 are now in a state of remission. Autopsy was performed in 8 cases. The following points are emphasized: cases with the pulmonary disease risk intracranial spread; the serum/cerebrospinal fluid ratio of human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and computerized tomography are recommended as useful investigations in the diagnosis of CNS disease; decompression surgery in patients with increased intracranial pressure is indispensable; radiotherapy is temporarily effective for brain deposits; powerful systemic chemotherapy using multiple anticancer drugs is suggested to be helpful both in preventing and in treating CNS disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of cyclophosphamide on immunological responses in patients with breast cancer relating to BRM (biological response modifiers)].

Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is widely used in patients with breast cancer as an adjuvant chemotherapy. On the other hand, it is a well-known fact that CPM-treated animals show an increased intensity of cell-mediated immunity such as DTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity) reactions. Recently, such functions of CPM have seemed to make it note worthy as a BRM. Therefore, in 26 postoperative patients with breast cancer, the effect of CPM on various immunological responses was investigated after administration of CPM (100mg/day) for a period of 30 days. Significant decrease of lymphocyte counts, B-cell percentages, and T gamma-cell percentages were observed. However, PPD skin test showed a tendency for increased reaction. Both OKT3+ lymphocytes and OKT 11+ lymphocytes increased significantly. However, an inhibitory effect of CPM on OKT8+ lymphocytes (suppressor/cytotoxic) was not observed. From the results of this study, increased intensity of DTH reactions by CPM was interesting in relation to BRM action, and the inhibitory effect of CPM on B-cells seemed to be connected with activated cell-mediated immunity.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study on glucose intolerance and insulin response in obstructive jaundice].

Insulin responses to oral glucose loads were studied in patients with obstructive jaundice and compared with those of other liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis), pancreatic diseases, and definite diabetes mellitus. Compared with their corresponding glucose intolerance, high insulin responses were characteristic in fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, and insulin responses and insulinogenic index decreased in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as glucose intolerance progressed. In obstructive jaundice with the pancreatic ducts stenotic or obstructed, insulin responses were suppressed in comparison with their corresponding glucose intolerance, and also insulinogenic index were below 0.5 in most of the cases. However, in obstructive jaundice with the pancreatic ducts intact, high insulin responses were observed in almost half of the cases with insulinogenic index above 0.5, and insulin response and insulinogenic index decreased as glucose intolerance progressed. While most cases of fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with insulinogenic index above 0.5 were distributed in non-diabetes zone in sigma BS-sigma IRI plane (Kosaka's), those with insulinogenic index below 0.5 were distributed in intermediate zone. Most cases with obstructive jaundice with pancreatic ducts stenotic or obstructed, had insulinogenic index below 0.5 and were distributed in diabetes zone. However, half of cases with obstructive jaundice with pancreatic ducts intact, had insulinogenic index above 0.5 and their distribution in non-diabetes zone, while the other half had insulinogenic index below 0.5 and their distribution in diabetes zone. Therefore, it may be concluded that insulin responses increase at the early stage of obstructive jaundice mainly under influence of liver dysfunction itself, but that insulin response is suppressed at later stage of obstructive jaundice as pancreatic islets are affected.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

[HLA antigen on the trophoblast of normal pregnancy].

The mechanism of fetal survival as a semiallograft in the uterus remains to be clarified. In this context, the expression of HLA antigen on the trophoblast which stands between the mother and the fetus is the main problem, because HLA antigen plays an important role in immunological reaction to an allograft. For this purpose, 41 pregnant uteri (6-18 weeks of gestation) were examined immunohistochemically (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method) using monoclonal antibodies to HLA antigens. Troma 1, a rat monoclonal antibody, was used as a trophoblast marker in immunohistochemical studies. The results were as follows: HLA-A,B,C is not expressed on syncytiotrophoblast and villous cytotrophoblast. HLA-A,B,C is expressed on nonvillous cytotrophoblast which exists in cytotrophoblastic cell column, cytotrophoblastic shell, and endometrium. HLA-DR is not expressed on any trophoblast. The absence of HLA antigen on syncytiotrophoblast and villous cytotrophoblast seems to be essential for the survival of the fetus. But it is proved that some trophoblasts express HLA-A,B,C on their cell surface and they are adjacent to endometrial cells or maternal blood. From these findings, it seems that fetal HLA antigen might be recognized by the mother and there might be an exquisite immune escape mechanism in decidua.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (THP-ADM) in patients with gynecological cancer].

We conducted a joint phase II study in 76 patients with gynecological cancer (42 patients with ovarian cancer, 22 patients with cervical cancer, 10 patients with endometrial cancer and 2 patients with vaginal cancer). The response rate was 25.0% in the patients with ovarian cancer, 13.3% in those with cervical cancer, and 28.6% in those with endometrial cancer. The overall response rate was 23.1%. When the patients were classified according to dose schedules, the highest response rate was obtained in the group administered THP-ADM at a dose of 60 mg per body by single i.v. injection at 3-week intervals. Such side effects as myelosuppression and gastrointestinal disturbances were observed, but alopecia, a marked side-effect of ADM administration, was mild, and no cardiac toxicity was seen in any of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Surgical indication and outcome of Crohn's disease with special reference to management of anal lesions].

A total of 31 cases of Crohn's disease; 23 males and 8 females; 8 small bowel, 11 colon, 8 both small and large bowels involvement and 4 unknown, were collected and analysed. Twelve cases were treated medically and 19 were operated with 61% of operative and 37% of reoperative rate. There was no death due to Crohn's disease. IVH was successful as non-surgical treatment. Indications for surgery were stricture, fistula formation and unsuccessful medical treatment. Limited resection of the diseased segment was performed and in 4 cases diseased segment was left behind without significant postoperative symptoms. Quality of life of the surgically and medically treated patients was satisfactory except one who had many operations during 20 years and still suffers from Crohn's disease. In 15 (48.4%) periproctal abscess or fistula was associated. There were 2 types of anal lesions, the one being ordinary type of low intersphincteric abscess or fistula and the other complex or Crohn's disease related high abscess or fistula. The former was successfully treated by laying-open whereas the latter was treated rather conservatively by drainage not to damage external sphincter muscles. Outcome of medical and surgical treatment of Crohn's disease was quite satisfactory and operation should not be hesitated in patients with serious complications. Type of anal lesion is to be identified and proper surgical treatment should be performed in feasible cases.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1984

[HLA antigens in choriocarcinoma].

Choriocarcinoma can be regarded as transplanted cancer, because its origin is in trophoblast which is fetal tissue. It is of interest whether HLA antigens are expressed on choriocarcinoma cells or not, since HLA antigens may play an important role if the patient's body could recognize choriocarcinoma as "not self" and initiate its immune response. In this report choriocarcinoma tissue in the uterus, obtained after hysterectomy, is stained by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR. We believe this is the first immunohistological study in which choriocarcinoma in utero is available for study and monoclonal antibodies to HLA antigens are applied. In the staining of HLA-A,B,C, and of HLA-DR, host cells, such as myometrial cells, show positive staining but choriocarcinoma cells show negative staining. It is thought that choriocarcinoma cells are viable and show negative staining of HLA antigens, on the basis of finding following HE staining and hCG staining using anti-hCG antibody and the clinical remarks of the patient such as her high urinary hCG titer before operation and no history of chemotherapy. These results agree with those of previous studies about HLA antigens on choriocarcinoma cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[The effects of preoperative irradiation therapy in advanced stomach cancer].

Over the past 20 years the survival rate for advanced stomach cancer among Japanese remains the same. In order to increase the survival rate, 17 years ago we initiated a type of preoperative irradiation therapy as an adjunct to surgery. We have tried to develop an adequate plan for indication of preoperative irradiation. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In this study we used a computer simulated method which aided in determining a suitable plan for adjunct irradiation therapy. 2. The adequate total dosage ranged 3,000 +/- 1,000 rads, with a 2 weeks waiting period between irradiation treatment and surgery, especially for advanced gastric cancer invading to ss and up to 6 cm in diameter. 3. Histopathological findings from resected specimen, using pH 4.1 TBM staining method, indicated decrease in the depth of the carcinoma and extent and size of the tumor as well as degeneration and/or disappearance of the cancer cells due to the preoperative therapy. 4. We identified the decrease of metastatic rates of the regional lymphnodes in the irradiation group. 5. Clinical results indicated an improved resectability rate of 6.1% and an approximate 12.1% increase in the 5 years survival rate.

Combined Modality Therapy↗