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Biomedical subjects

K Kakudo

Publications and source records attributed to K Kakudo.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural study of poorly differentiated medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Five cases of sporadic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) with rapidly progressive disease were studied ultrastructurally. The tumour cells had poorly differentiated C cell characteristics. They exhibited smaller secretory granules in their narrow cytoplasm. Morphometric analysis disclosed that the average diameter of the secretory granules of the cases with a poor prognosis was 173.0 nm in comparison with 254.2 nm of well differentiated cases. The granules were fewer in the poor prognostic group (1.31/mu 2) than the well differentiated group (2.75/mu 2). Increased free ribosomes and polysomes were noted in the cytoplasm and dispersed chromatin in the nuclei. These cases should be therefore classified as poorly differentiated MTC rather than atypical or anaplastic MTC.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Establishment of a new human thyroid medullary carcinoma cell line. Morphological studies.

A new human medullary carcinoma cell line has been established from a thyroid tumor removed from a 76-year-old female patient. The cultured cells grew in suspension, formed round islands and did not attach to the plastic dish. The doubling time of 48 h is the shortest recorded for C-cell lines. Ultrastructural studies disclosed that the cells had a few short profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous ribosomes and polyribosomes, a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and small secretory granules (75 nm in mean diameter). Immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin was positive. These results show that, compared with previously established C-cell lines, this cell line has a rapid growth rate, is morphologically less differentiated, but retains a hormone production potential.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Multilocular cystic nephroma in an adult: immunohistochemical study.

We report a case of multilocular cystic nephroma (cysts of the kidney). The tumor was enucleated surgically. It was well encapsulated, and composed of numerous cysts and cellular stroma. Microscopically, the stromal cells resembled blastematous cells seen in Wilms tumor. Immunohistochemical studies disclosed that the stromal cells resembled leiomyocytes, since vimentin and desmin were positive, and myoglobin was negative. An ultrastructural study supported these findings. The characteristics of these cells were compatible with those of congenital mesoblastic nephroma, which also is considered a metanephric tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunocytochemical detection of Chlamydia trachomatis on cytological specimens.

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause many kinds of diseases in humans, both men and women. Its diagnosis depends on the observation of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on smears. To observe intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies we applied the Papanicolaou and immunocytochemical techniques. Elementary and reticulate bodies were seen more easily using the immunocytochemical technique in 3 hours on gynecological and urethral specimens. The immunocytochemical technique is rapid, accurate and specific with unstained gynecological and urethral specimens as well as destained Papanicolaou smears. It appears that fixation is the most important factor in immunocytochemical observations of Chlamydia. Absolute methanol or ethanol was the fixation agent of choice based on our experience. After proper fixation, the immunocytochemical technique can be applied for routine examinations to detect Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1985

Medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Biologic behavior of the sporadic and familial neoplasm.

Three groups of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma treated for cure from an institution under standardized tumor stage were compared. For sporadic cases and all cases across groups, the observed survival rates at 10 years were significantly lower than expected based on persons from the West North Central region of the US of like age and sex born in the same calendar year. They were not different for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), type 2a and 2b. Mean ages were significantly different among the three groups: they were 48.5 years for sporadic, 37.7 for MEN 2a, and 23.4 for MEN 2b. Tumor-free survival rate after surgical treatment of MEN 2b was 36.6% at 5 years and 27.3% at 10 years, and was significantly lower in comparison with that of sporadic cases. Medullary carcinoma in patients with MEN 2b appeared to develop at an earlier mean age, with a higher frequency of nodal metastasis and a higher rate of tumor recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acromegaly associated with suprasellar and pulmonary hemangiopericytomas. Case report.

The authors report the case of a 35-year-old acromegalic woman who developed amenorrhea and decreased left vision, and who was found to have suprasellar and pulmonary hemangiopericytomas. Total removal of the suprasellar hemangiopericytoma resulted in normalization of the plasma human growth hormone (GH) level and a marked decrease in size of the pulmonary hemangiopericytoma. Immunoperoxidase studies for GH and human hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) demonstrated immunoreactive intracellular GH only in the suprasellar hemangiopericytoma, with no immunoreactive intracellular GHRF evident in either the suprasellar or pulmonary hemangiopericytoma.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1984

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in rat thyroid. Age-associated S-cell hyperplasia.

Somatostatin-like immunoreactive cells of the rat thyroid gland at various ages were investigated immunohistochemically. The number of cells per lobe in 5 micron sections increased with age. Immunopositive cells were evident as small clusters in the older age group (8 to 24 months old) but not clustered in the younger age group (3 to 5 months old). This type of proliferation was termed S-cell hyperplasia in a manner similar to C-cell hyperplasia observed in the aged rat thyroid.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Malignant pheochromocytoma with ACTH production.

An autopsy case of a 54-year-old woman with malignant pheochromocytoma and ectopic ACTH production was reported. Noradrenaline was increased in 24 hour urine and in the blood sample from the left adrenal vein. Hormone assay studies of the tumor tissue and plasma revealed abnormally high levels of ACTH. Formaldehyde fume induced fluorescence method demonstrated biogenic amine in the tumor cytoplasm. Electron microscopic examinations also disclosed numerous neurosecretory granules in the tumor cytoplasm. These findings confirmed that this pleomorphic carcinoma of the left adrenal gland was one of the APUDoma originating from the adrenal medulla, so-called pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Non-papillary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. An electron microscopic study.

A case of non-papillary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder was presented with ultrastructural descriptions. Dysplastic urothelial cells had a large nucleus with prominent nucleoli and increased euchromatin. The nuclei had a wavy outline with irregular invaginations. Cytoplasmic organella were immature and fairly good amount of glycogen particles existed in the cytoplasm. Among the dysplastic cells, there are two types of epithelium, one which has irregular pleomorphic cytoplasmic processes and the other which has relatively smooth cell borders. Both types had few poorly developed desmosome-like cell attachments and wide intercellular space. This study revealed that decreased numbers of desmosome-like attachments and wide intercellular space with or without cytoplasmic processes of non-papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder might be a morphologic expression of loss of cohesiveness in this type of carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Primary C cell hyperplasia of the thyroid in Fischer 344 rats. An immunohistochemical study.

C cell proliferation of the thyroid, which was designated as primary C cell hyperplasia (PCCH), was demonstrated in aged Fischer 344 rats in high incidence using the immunohistochemical method for calcitonin. It developed from mild to severe PCCH and resulted in nodular PCCH and tumor formation. The combined incidence of PCCH and nodular PCCH was increased with age and appeared in 60.7% of 7-15 month old group and 92.7% of 16-24 month old group possibly as a preneoplastic C cell lesion. It is almost an equivalent C cell lesion reported in the human thyroid with familial C cell carcinoma and therefore this Fischer 344 rat can provide a useful animal model to study familial C cell tumor of the thyroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical study of substance P-like immunoreactivity in human thyroid and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPL-IR) was identified by the indirect peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method in normal thyroid glands as well as in medullary thyroid carcinoma. The SPL-IR cells were visualized intrafollicularly in the thyroid, within cells which resembled the parafollicular C cells which contain calcitonin immunoreactivity. The SPL-IR cells distributed differently in the normal thyroid and in thyroid with secondary C cell hyperplasia.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1982

Unusual cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid from a 43-year-old patient showed 4 types of unusual cytoplasmic inclusion bodies ultrastructurally. Type 1 inclusion is composed of rod and doughnut-shaped bodies aggregated in the cytoplasma and not enclosed by a limiting membrane. Typical neurosecretory granules are intermingled with the rod and doughnut-shaped bodies. The doughnut-shaped bodies often have an electron dense core which is similar to the neurosecretory granules. The rod-shaped bodies are bounded by trilaminar unit membrane and have a slightly electron dense matrix. A centriole is often found associated with this type of inclusion. Type 2 inclusion is composed of small secretory granules and clear vesicles. These inclusions can be found either with or without surrounding membrane. Type 3 inclusion is a large osmiophilic body, or secondary lysosome, in which some degenerated organelles are discernible. Type 4 inclusion is a fragmented nucleus with condensation and margination of the chromatin, so-called karyorrhexis. Routine hematoxylin and eosin sections did not show each type of inclusion but semithin sections stained with Paragon suggested 4 different types of inclusions. Type 3 and 4 inclusions represent forms of degeneration and cell death in the tumor cells and probably represent a remote effect of radiation. Type 1 inclusion is not commonly associated with cell death and may represent a unique organellar aberration in these tumor cells. Type 2 inclusion is simply an aggregation of secretory granules and clear vesicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Light and electron microscopic changes of the exocrine pancreas in diabetic dogs induced by streptozotocin.

Light and electron microscopic studies on exocrine pancreas of diabetic dogs with duration of diabetes up to a year induced by streptozotocin were performed. In the pancreatic acinar cells of the long-term diabetic dogs, atrophy, hyperplastic nodules, and interacinar and interlobular fibrosis were exclusively observed by light microscopy and autophagic vacuoles, lipid droplets, fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and decrease or varying size of zymogen granules were much more frequently found by electron microscopy compared with the control. The results might indicate the possibility that insulinopenia causes the injurious effect on exocrine pancreas to produce interacinar fibrosis.

Animals↗