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Biomedical subjects

K Kadowaki

Publications and source records attributed to K Kadowaki.

158 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Appearance of a new species of ribonucleic acid during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the course of study on ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a new species of RNA (20S) was observed in sporulating cells by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative content of this RNA to total RNA increased linearly early in sporulation. Labeled adenine was preferentially incorporated into 20S RNA during the early stages of sporulation. The correlation between the physiological and genetic control of sporulation and the synthesis of 20S RNA are discussed.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1971

Isolation and properties of a new species of ribonucleic acid synthesized in sporulating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A new species of ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected in sporulating culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This RNA was isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and partially characterized. It has a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 20S and a nucleotide composition distinct from other known RNA species in yeast, and it hybridizes with nuclear but not with mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid.

Acrylates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age related change in the frequency of ara C-induced chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara C) has been known to inhibit repair replication in the G1 phase of cell cycle and to convert certain types of DNA damage into chromosome-type exchanges: e.g., dicentric or ring chromosomes. It is then considered to be a useful cytogenetic method to investigate the frequency of ara C-induced dicentric and ring chromosomes (dic and ring) for estimating cellular DNA damage or capacity to repair it. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from donors ranging from newborn to 91 years old were treated with 10 microM ara C in their G1 phase and the resulting disc and ring were observed to investigate whether age-related change in peripheral lymphocytes would be present in the amount of spontaneous DNA damage or in the capacity to repair it. Chromatid-type (Ct) aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were also scored for additional cytogenetic indices of DNA damage in the lymphocytes. The results showed that the frequency of dic and ring had a negatively linear correlation with the logarithm of the age of the blood donors, but that the frequencies of Ct aberrations and SCEs were not influenced by the age. The present study suggests the presence of age-related change in the amount or in the capacity to repair certain types of DNA damage in the G1 phase of human peripheral lymphocytes. Other possible explanations for the present results are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital myotonic dystrophy in two Japanese families: direct mutation analysis by a non-radioisotope PCR method and haplotype analysis with flanking DNA markers.

The prenatal diagnosis of congenital myotonic dystrophy in two Japanese families was reported. The CTG repeat size in the myotonin/protein kinase gene was determined by a nonradioisotope PCR method. Polymorphisms of the DNA markers (ApoCII, X75b-VSSM and KLK-1) flanking the CTG repeat were analyzed from normal Japanese and were used to determine the risk haplotype. Two pregnant women with myotonic dystrophy requested prenatal diagnosis. The first case was diagnosed as having myotonic dystrophy at 36 weeks of pregnancy. The CTG repeat size in the cord blood from the fetus was not expanded and the risk for the disease was judged to be low by haplotype analysis with the X75b-VSSM marker. In the second case, the chorionic villus was sampled in the pregnant mother who had already had two children with congenital myotonic dystrophy. The small expanded allele (36 repeats) from the mother and a normal allele from the father were detected in the chorionic villus. The risk for the disease was not determined by haplotype analysis with ApoCII and X75b-VSSM, only being judged as low by haplotype analysis with KLK-1 in the second case. These babies from two families were born and developed normally. DNA diagnosis for direct CTG repeat expansion combined with haplotype analysis has been useful for pregnant women with myotonic dystrophy who are at high risk of having severely affected babies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mediastinal lymph node metastases from nonsmall cell bronchogenic carcinoma: reevaluation with CT.

We evaluated the sensitivity of CT for detecting mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with nonsmall cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Computed tomography of 208 cases of surgically proven bronchogenic carcinoma from three institutes was evaluated retrospectively using specific diagnostic criteria. These consisted of two size thresholds for specific mediastinal node regions: 13 mm short transverse diameter for nodes in the subcarinal, precarinal, and tracheobronchial regions and 10 mm for other regions. Based on these criteria, the overall sensitivity of CT was 69%, specificity 94%, and accuracy 86% for detection of metastasis. In cases of adenocarcinoma, sensitivity was 61%, specificity 93%, and accuracy 81%, and in those of squamous cell carcinoma the respective values were 86, 94, and 92%. Comparison between the results using the present criteria with the former criterion of 10 mm short transverse diameter for all mediastinal nodes revealed that the number of false-positive cases decreased markedly. We conclude that more accurate CT evaluation of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in nonsmall cell bronchogenic carcinoma can be achieved with specific size criteria for specific mediastinal regions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helical CT imaging of gastric cancer: normal wall appearance and the potential for staging.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT appearance of the normal gastric wall and the effectiveness of contrast enhanced helical CT for T-staging of gastric cancer. METHODS: For the basic experiment, two resected stomachs with gastric cancer were filled with water and examined by helical CT imaging. For the clinical study, 59 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who had received preoperative helical CT examination and had also been operated on were entered in this study. Helical CT images were evaluated independently by three radiologists without knowledge of histological staging results. RESULTS: The basic examination of a histopathological correlation with CT images revealed that the inner layer with high attenuation corresponded to the mucosa and the muscular layer of the mucosa, the middle layer with low attenuation to the submucosal layer consisting of coarse tissues and containing fatty tissues, and the outer layer with slightly high attenuation to the proper muscle with serosa. The clinical study revealed that the rate of correct diagnosis through consensus reading was 66.1%. CONCLUSION: The entire stomach with a well-stained mucosa can be visualized by contrast enhanced helical CT. However, T-staging of gastric cancer by helical CT did not appear to improve the accuracy of staging.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent results in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer according to the Japanese and TNM classification.

BACKGROUND: Recent outcomes based on surgical long-term follow-up of patients with gastric cancer using current staging systems have not been fully evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1357 patients with primary gastric carcinoma (911 males and 446 females, ranging in age from 20 to 87 years; average 59.1 years) who had undergone gastric resection between 1986 and 1996 were examined with respect to their clinicopathological features, surgical procedures and patient survival according to Japanese and UICC-TNM classifications. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate was 95.3% for stage Ia, 85.5% for stage Ib, 73.8% for stage II, 45.7% for stage IIIa, 20.9% for stage IIIb, 17.3% for stage IVa and 5.8% for stage IVb (8.8% for IVa and IVb) on the Japanese classification. By way of contrast, the 5-year survival rate was 95.6% for stage Ia, 85.0% for stage Ib, 72.1% for stage II, 49.3% for stage IIIa, 30.2% for stage IIIb and 12.0% for stage IV on the TNM classification. CONCLUSION: Although minor problems are associated with both the Japanese and TNM classification systems, both appear to be clinically significant and appropriate independent predictors of prognosis. The findings of the present study provide important information for comparing results among different institutes and for introducing new clinical trials for gastric cancer at the beginning of the new century.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography and ultrasonography in parotid tumors.

To determine the most appropriate radiographic approach to parotid tumors, computed tomography (CT) was performed in 65 patients with 33 benign tumors, 19 malignant tumors, 3 abscesses and 10 other lesions with a clinical appearance of tumor. In 22 of the 65 cases CT-sialography and in 26 ultrasonography (US) were also performed. The mass was well recognized on CT without sialography in all patients, and the lesion was also well evaluated in all those examined with US. At CT-sialography the tumor was well shown, but this method made it difficult to differentiate a benign from a malignant lesion, because the character of the delineation and the border of the tumor were difficult to evaluate. It is concluded that US and CT without sialography are satisfactory for evaluating the parotid tumor, and the indication for CT-sialography is limited to those cases in which the tumor is demonstrated on US, but is unclear on conventional CT.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography following endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.

Computed tomography of the chest following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices was performed in 17 procedures in 13 patients. CT scans were obtained before and within 48 hours after the procedure. CT findings included: esophageal wall thickening; a low-attenuating lesion within the wall of the esophagus with varying appearances, either laminated, localized, or inhomogeneous; a mediastinal lesion; pleural effusion; and various types of pulmonary changes such as atelectasis, pleural-based lesions, dilatation of peripheral pulmonary vessels, and nodular lesions. However, on follow-up CT they had regressed or disappeared. The changes in the mediastinum and pleural space might be caused by direct extension of inflammation from the esophagus, but those in the lungs, especially dilatation of peripheral vessels, may be caused by the sclerosing agent passing to the pulmonary vessels.

Adult↗