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Biomedical subjects

K Kadowaki

Publications and source records attributed to K Kadowaki.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Distinguishing benign from malignant pulmonary nodules by gradient analysis of digitized chest radiographs].

Twenty-four conventional chest radiographs with small solitary pulmonary nodules were digitized to analyze optical density gradient. An index number, that could reflect sharpness and contrast of tumor lung interface, was calculated to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. In four of 12 patients with benign non-calcified nodules, the index number allowed correct classification as a benign lesion.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1988

CT appearance of acute radiation-induced injury in the lung.

To determine how soon radiation-induced lung injury is detectable, to compare the CT findings with those on chest radiographs, and to observe the appearance of the abnormality during the acute phase, we performed 83 CT studies in 17 radiotherapy patients at relatively short intervals. All 17 patients received fractionated radiotherapy to the thorax with a large irradiated lung volume. The CT findings were variable; pulmonary infiltrates were homogeneous, patchy, or discrete. CT abnormalities were evident in 15 of 17 cases within 16 weeks after radiotherapy; in 13 of these it was detected within 4 weeks. In three of these 15 cases, no abnormality was detected on chest radiographs, and in three other cases, the change was observed much later on chest radiographs than on CT scans. In the other nine cases, abnormalities were detected simultaneously on CT scans and chest radiographs. In four cases, extensive radiation pneumonitis was observed on CT, but in two of these, the change was misdiagnosed on the chest radiograph. We conclude that CT is useful in the detection of acute radiation-induced pulmonary disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Cytosynalin: a Mr 35,000 cytoskeleton-interacting and calmodulin-binding protein.

A Mr 35,000 calmodulin-binding protein, which also possesses the ability to interact with a number of cytoskeletal elements, was purified from bovine synaptosomal membranes, using hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose column chromatography. We call this protein "cytosynalin," which is derived from a combination of the words "cytoskeleton" and "synapsis." Indirect immunofluorescent staining of cytosynalin revealed that it is distributed throughout neural cells including in dendrites, varicosities, and growth cones. In 3T3 cells, cytosynalin is located on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. The staining pattern of cytosynalin observed with anti-cytosynalin antibodies was similar to that observed with antibodies against calspectin (nonerythroid spectrin or fodrin). Cytosynalin binds to calspectin and to tubulin and actin filaments, as determined by binding assays, turbidity measurements, low-shear viscometry, and electron microscopy. Furthermore, after heating at 90 degrees C for 5 min, cytosynalin retains its binding activity toward calmodulin and cytoskeletal elements. These results lead to the conclusion that cytosynalin is colocalized with calspectin at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, probably in association with other cytoskeletal elements.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Identification of a temperature-resistant bacteriophage phi X174 mutant.

Bacteriophage phi X174am3trD, a high temperature-resistant mutant of phi X174am3, was 10(4) times more stable than phi X174am3 as judged by its survival ratio after heat treatment at 54 degrees C for 120 min. Complementation tests showed an involvement of gene G. Sequence analysis of this gene revealed three mutation sites, one transition and two insertions. The first was a silent mutation and the others brought about a change in one amino acid and an addition of another, respectively, in the gene G protein. These changes in amino acid sequence resulted in a change in the secondary structure of the protein. A beta-turn region in part of the gene G protein of phi X174am3 was changed to an alpha-helix in phi X174am3trD. These results indicate that the temperature resistance of phi X174am3trD may be caused by elevated hydrophobicity in the mutated region or by strong interaction between the mutated gene G protein and other capsid proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

[Regional myocardial blood flow quantitatively measured using O-15 water and dynamic positron emission tomography].

This study was performed to measure regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantitatively using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) and O-15 water. The subjects consisted of two normal volunteers, four patients with normal coronary angiograms (CAG), two patients with angina pectoris (3-vessel disease) and three patients with myocardial infarction. O-15 water (15-20 mCi) was injected via the cubital vein in a bolus, and dynamic PET was performed. MBF was calculated according to the method of Iida. The region of interest (ROI) was selected on the left ventricular wall (septum, anterior and lateral walls) and MBF was calculated in each ROI. In normal volunteers, MBF was 1.07 to 1.17 ml/g/min. It was 0.96 to 1.02 ml/g/min in patients with normal CAG, and 0.53 to 0.64 ml/g/min in patients with angina pectoris in the ischemic area. In patients with myocardial infarction, MBF was so diminished in the infarcted area as detected by 2-DE or ECG that the absolute value was almost 0 ml/g/min. In patients with angina pectoris, there was no definite defect on the MBF image, but we could estimate the severity of coronary stenosis by quantifying the MBF. The clinical advantages of this method include estimation of the severity of coronary arterial stenosis in the resting state.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Glucose metabolism in ischemic myocardium: quantitative imaging using positron emission tomography].

We determined the myocardial metabolic rate for glucose (MMRGlc) in the ischemic or infarcted myocardium using 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET), and studied energy metabolism in the ischemic myocardium. In some cases, we compared glucose metabolism images by 18-FDG with myocardial blood flow images using 15-oxygen water. Two normal subjects, seven patients with myocardial infarction and four patients with angina pectoris were studied. Coronary angiography was performed within two weeks before or after the PET study to detect ischemic areas. PET studies were performed for patients who did not eat for 5 to 6 hours after breakfast. Cannulation was performed in the pedal artery to measure free fatty acid, blood sugar, and insulin. After recording the transmission scan for subsequent correction of photon attenuation, blood pool images were recorded for two min. after the inhalation of carbon monoxide (oxygen-15) which labeled the red blood cells in vivo. After 20 min., oxygen-15 water (15 to 20 mCi) was injected for dynamic scans, and flow images were obtained. Thirty min. after this procedure, 18-FDG (5 to 6 mCi) was injected, and 60 min later, a static scan was performed and glucose metabolism images were obtained. Arterial blood sampling for the time activity curve of the tracer was performed at the same time. According to the method of Phelps et al, MMRGlc was calculated in each of the region of interest (ROI) which was located in the left ventricular wall. MMRGlc obtained from each ROI was 0 to 17 mg/100 ml/min. In normal subjects MMRGlc was 0.4 to 7.3 mg/100 ml/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of metoclopramide on gastric distension and lethal toxicity of cisplatin in mice].

Mice treated with cisplatin (cDDP), were found to have considerably bloated stomachs presumably resulting from paralysis of gastric emptying without appetite suppression and emesis. Repeated administration of metoclopramide (MCP) not only reduced gastric distension, but also the number of toxic deaths after 13 mg/kg of cisplatin i.p. The mechanism of action by which MCP increased the resistance of mice to cDDP seemed to be alleviation of systemic dehydration by means of enhanced gastric emptying.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Internal urethrotomy under urethral anesthesia].

A 64-year-old male patient with anterior urethral stricture was treated with internal urethrotomy after the instillation of 10 ml of 2% lidocaine into the urethra. This technique did not interfere with visual acuity and gave satisfactory analgesia for the patient.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1985

[Systemic chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate rescue].

Intravenous bolus injection of an 80- to 120-mg/m2 dose of cisplatin followed by "rescue" with sodium thiosulfate (STS) was tried in the treatment of 7 patients with advanced tumor. STS was given continuously i.v. six hours after cisplatin injection, combined with methylprednisolone and metoclopramide as antiemetics. Four patients were evaluable, consisting of one CR, one PR and two NC. Severe nausea and emesis occurred in two patients and irreversible renal dysfunction occurred in one. The clinical use of the STS rescue regimen was discussed in conjunction with our basic investigation of "STS-rescue" in an animal model.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of methylprednisolone on antitumor effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)].

To elucidate the influence of methylprednisolone (MPL) on the antitumor effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), experimental chemotherapy of CDDP with or without MPL was performed. A human breast carcinoma, MX-1 serially transplanted into nude mice was treated with CDDP in doses of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg in schedule of q4d X 3 ip. KKN-1, a syngeneic fibrosarcoma of BALB/c transplanted into BALB/c +/+ or BALB/c nu/nu mice, was treated with CDDP in doses of 3 or 6 mg/kg in schedule of qd X 1 ip. In the combination of MPL, 20 mg of MPL per kg was administered ip three hours before CDDP treatment. Although some decrease of antitumor effect of CDDP was observed by combination with MPL, no statistically significant difference was noted between group given CDDP alone and those given CDDP plus MPL. It was concluded that the use of MPL is reasonable to prevent the severe emesis caused by CDDP when this adverse effect is resistant to other antiemetic agents.

Animals↗