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Biomedical subjects

K Jung

Publications and source records attributed to K Jung.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Mitochondrial respiratory function as indicator of the ischemic injury of the rat kidney.

The function of mitochondria was considered to be an indicator of ischemic injury of the rat kidney, and the respiration of isolated mitochondria was measured in different metabolic states. The respiratory control index (RCI) was chosen as a parameter of mitochondrial intactness. The results indicate that normothermic in vitro ischemia leads to a rapid decrease of RCI and an almost complete loss of respiratory control within 45 min. Hypothermia during ischemic exposure proved to be an effective protection against mitochondrial injury as indicated by a prolonged coupled respiration and an RCI of about 2, even after 24 h of ischemic kidney storage. The ischemia-induced decrease of RCI was mainly due to a progressive decrease of active-state respiration, whereas the alterations of resting-state respiration were only small. The decline of active-state respiration was paralleled by a decrease of an uncoupled respiration rate. After termination of in vivo ischemia the RCI increased very slowly. Normal RCI values were not obtained until 7 days after onset of blood reflow, which supports the assumption of long-term damage due to ischemia.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in renal transplant recipients: liver damage or microsomal enzyme induction?

To investigate the reason for the increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase in the serum of renal transplant recipients, the activity of this enzyme was determined together with the alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum (as an index of liver damage) and the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (as an index of microsomal enzyme induction) in 63 renal transplant recipients. Forty-one patients had increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase. Increased D-glucaric acid excretion was found only in ten patients having elevated alanine aminotransferase and/or alkaline phosphatase in seven cases and gamma-glutamyltransferase in eight cases. Therefore, the increased gamma-glutamyltransferase activities in renal transplant recipients can be primarily considered as a consequence of hepatobiliary dysfunction and not of enzyme induction.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Changes in HDL composition in female subjects following a 100-km run.

In 12 female subjects participating in a 100-km run, the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides as well as those of HDL components (total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, unesterified cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein A-II) were measured before and after the run. The concentrations of HDL unesterified cholesterol, HDL phosphatidyl choline, and HDL apolipoprotein A-I of the participants of the 100-km run were higher than the corresponding values of a control group of female company employees, whereas there was no difference in triglycerides, total cholesterol. HDL cholesterol, and HDL apolipoprotein A-II. Values of triglycerides and total cholesterol ascertained after the run were clearly decreased when compared to pre-exercise values (by 70% and 10%, respectively). Also, total protein content of the serum was marginally reduced after the run. Considering the reduction in protein level. HDL cholesterol and HDL apolipoprotein A-I values were raised after the run (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05, respectively) while HDL phosphatidyl choline values decreased irrespective of the reduction in total protein (P less than 0.01). The quotients HDL cholesterol / total cholesterol as well as HDL cholesterol / HDL phosphatidyl choline were clearly higher after the run than before (P less than 0.01). The HDL apolipoprotein A-II level did not change post-exercise. These results indicate a change in the structure of HDL following a 100-km run in female athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Echocardiographic studies before and after a 100-mile race on 21 female athletes].

Two-dimensional echocardiography can provide better information than conventional radiological volume measurements concerning the amount of hypertrophy and dilatation, which contribute to the cardiac enlargement found in athletes. Linear cardiac measurements in standardised planes were obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography; the findings in 21 women athletes obtained before and after a 100-mile race were compared with a number of normals. All cardiac chambers were found to be equally enlarged and the aortic root and the ascending aorta were dilated. The generalised dilatation of the heart must be due to increased ejection volume in these athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of an 1100 km run on testicular, adrenal and thyroid hormones.

Although endocrine effects of physical or psychological stress are well documented, it is not known to what extent adaptation to prolonged exertion occurs. We therefore investigated the impact of an 1100 km run of 20 days' duration on selected pituitary, testicular, adrenal and thyroid hormones. Blood samples were obtained from five male athletes prior to and after the day's run on the 1st, 5th, 9th, 14th and 19th day. Results show that adrenal and thyroid function soon adapt to the daily strain. Testosterone levels, however, were markedly decreased throughout the 20 days while LH levels remained unchanged. Thus it appears that the reproductive endocrine system is more susceptible to long-term stress effects than the more vital functions of the thyroid and adrenal glands.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Long-term stability of enzymes in human serum stored in liquid nitrogen.

We analyzed the stability of the enzymes alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) of a human serum pool during storage in liquid nitrogen for a period of 10 months. Except amylase and creatine kinase, all enzymes were stable. Amylase increased in activity, creatine kinase activity decreased. Therefore, human serum stored at -196 degrees C can be used as satisfactory substitute for lyophilized enzyme control serum in internal quality control and stable enzyme material for optimization of methods.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Multiple forms of alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in urine of healthy persons, patients suffering from kidney diseases and patients with kidney transplants.

The catalytic activities of alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were determined in the soluble and particulate fractions of urine, after ultracentrifugation. In healthy adults the fractional catalytic activities in the supernatants were 0.53, 0.56 and 0.24, respectively. Nearly the same proportions were found in children. In patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases there was a tendency for the proportion of catalytic activity in the soluble fraction to increase. However, the separation into the multiple forms gave no higher diagnostic reliability than the determination of total catalytic activity of the respective enzymes. The determination of multiple forms has no clinical significance in the detection of rejection episodes in renal transplant recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Electrophoretic variants of alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase in urine.

The three brush-border enzymes--alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2)--are present in the urine of healthy persons in two variants, a particulate form and a soluble one. They can be separated by electrophoresis in agarose gel and by ultracentrifugation. The particulate forms exhibit similar electrophoretic mobility, but the soluble forms of these brush-border enzymes differ in their electrophoretic mobilities. The enzyme components of the particulate activity can be mobilized by Triton X-100 and trypsin. The electrophoretic mobility of the soluble forms of alanine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase is slowed by neuraminidase treatment. Both forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase are influenced in their electrophoretic mobility by treatment with n-butanol/diisopropyl ether, showing their lipid dependence. These findings enhance our knowledge of the biochemical nature of brush-border enzymes in urine.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of particulate and soluble variants of the brush-border enzymes alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in human urine.

The urinary brush-border enzymes alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase can be separated by ultracentrifugation into a particulate and a soluble fraction. These variants have been characterized with respect to their kinetic data, heat stability, electrophoretic mobility and behaviour in gel chromatography and affinity chromatography. Both variants of these enzymes show nearly identical Km values and activity curves as functions of rho H and substrate concentration. The particulate variant is more heat-sensitive than the soluble one. The soluble variant as well as the particulate form consist of one fraction bound by Con A-sepharose and another one unbound by it. Origins and nature of these multiple variants in connection with their possible diagnostic significance are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Protein turnover in liver failure--determination using the stable isotope 15N].

The 15N-tracer technique gives new opportunities to medical research for investigation of normal and pathological nitrogen metabolism. Analysis of 15N kinetic data derived from total nitrogen excretion in the urine allows to calculate quantitatively certain parameters of protein synthesis and protein metabolism. At the same time analysis of serum samples will allow measurement of 15N-nitrogen incorporation into particular protein or non-protein fractions of the plasma. In the study reported here patients with different liver parenchyme lesions (acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, biliary obstruction, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic coma) were investigated with a standardized 15N-tracer method developed by us. It could be shown, that protein turnover in patients with liver insufficiency is significantly decreased as compared to healthy persons. Decrease of protein synthesis is associated with a still more pronounced decrease of protein catabolism. There are significant differences in dynamics of 15N in patients with hepatic coma as compared to other patients with liver parenchyme disease without portal encephalopathy. Nevertheless, even in hepatic coma 15N incorporation into plasma proteins can be shown. Differences in the 15N elimination kinetics of the non-protein pool between patients with chronic active hepatitis, biliary obstruction and hepatic coma could be found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Urinary enzyme excretion in kidney transplant patients].

In a survey the present state of the activity determination of urinary enzymes after kidney transplantation as a diagnostic tool in the control of patients with transplanted kidney is described. A great number of enzymes has up to now been established in these patients. The most extensive data are present for the enzymes alanine-aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and lysozyme. After the transplantation of the kidney typical excretion patterns of the enzymes in the urine are observed in immediate function, retarded onset of the function, without function and acute rejection of the graft. Particularly the behaviour of the urinary enzyme excretion during acute rejection reactions can be diagnostically used. Hereby, the diagnostic reliability of determinations of the activity of urinary enzymes is, however, differently assessed by various authors. In future works in close cooperation between clinic and laboratory the diagnostic validity of the determinations shall unambiguously be characterized and the determinations of the enzyme activity in the urine should be summarized together with other parameters to an optimum combination of parameters for the follow-up investigation of patients who underwent kidney transplantation.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1983

Stability of enzymes in urine at 37 degrees C.

The activity of alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in urine at 37 degrees C was investigated by a model simulating in vivo conditions. The stability of these urinary enzymes is influenced particularly by pH. At low pH values in urine (about pH 5.0) the four first-mentioned enzymes rapidly lose a considerable part of their activity, whereas beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase is inactivated at higher pH values in urine (about at pH 8.0). This inactivation effect is also time-dependent and can be modified by urinary substances such as creatinine, urea and electrolytes. To avoid misinterpretation of enzyme activity determinations in urine, the simultaneous measurement of urinary pH should be performed.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1983

Shedding of gangliosides from calf thymocytes.

In the course of our work on calf thymus gangliosides [Dyatlovitskaya, Zablotskaya, Azizov & Bergelson (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 110, 475-483] we studied the gangliosides exfoliated from the cell surface of thymocytes. It was shown that calf thymocytes shed gangliosides both in vivo and in vitro. Various gangliosides were found to be present in high amounts both in extracellular plasma membrane vesicles and in the 64000 X g supernatant. The extracellular membrane fragments were comparatively higher in disialosyllactosylceramide and the 64000 X g supernatant was higher in sialosyllactosylceramide than the cells. Comparison of the ganglioside composition of extracellular membrane fragments, thymocytes and lymphocytes led us to suggest that the shedding of gangliosides from the surface of thymocytes may be involved in the transformation of immunologically incompetent cortical thymocytes into immunocompetent virgin T-cells.

Animals↗