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Biomedical subjects

K Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to K Johnson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Repression of dpp targets by binding of brinker to mad sites.

Signaling by decapentaplegic (Dpp), a Drosophila member of the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily of growth factors, has recently been shown to activate targets such as vestigial (vg) indirectly through negative regulation of brinker (brk). Here we show that the Brk protein functions as a repressor by binding to Dpp response elements. The Brk DNA binding activity was localized to an amino-terminal region containing a putative homeodomain. Brk bound to a Dpp response element of the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) midgut enhancer at a sequence that overlaps a binding site for the Smad protein, Mothers Against Dpp (Mad). Furthermore, Brk was able to compete with Mad for occupancy of this binding site. This recognition of overlapping binding sites provides a potential explanation for why the G/C-rich Mad binding site consensus differs the Smad3/Smad4 binding site consensus. We also found that the Dpp response element from Ubx was more sensitive than the vg quadrant enhancer to repression by Brk. This difference correlates with short-range activation of Ubx by Dpp in the visceral mesoderm, whereas vg exhibits a long-range response to Dpp in the wing imaginal disc, indicating that Brk binding sites may play a critical role in limiting thresholds for activation by Dpp. Finally, we provide evidence that Brk is capable of functioning as an active repressor. Thus, whereas Brk and Mad compete for regulation of Ubx and vg, Brk may regulate other Dpp targets without direct involvement of Mad.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Facial-selective allylation of methyl ketones for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-substituted tertiary homoallylic ethers.

The asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically pure a-substituted tertiary homoallylic ethers 4a, 11 and 12a-c by the allylation of ethyl methyl ketone (la) with gamma-substituted allylsilanes 9a-h is described. The allylsilanes were obtained by a nickel-catalysed Grignard cross-coupling reaction of (E)- and (Z)-(3-iodoallyl)trimethylsilane with various Grignard reagents. The reaction of the allylsilanes with la in the presence of the trimethylsilyl ether of N-trifluoroacetylnorpseudoephedrine (3), and catalytic amounts of a mixture of trimethylsilyl triflate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid led to the homoallylic ethers 4a, 11 and 12a-c with two new stereogenic centres, with a selectivity of 1:9 to >20:1 for the homoallylic and of 1:99 to >60:1 for the allylic centre. The facial selectivity does not depend on the configuration of the allylsilane, and in all reactions the anti product is preferentially formed. Interestingly, a pronounced switch of facial selectivity takes place with increasing length of the alkyl group of the allylsilane.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Utilization of a pediatric emergency department education computer.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of a computer education station placed within a pediatric emergency department. DESIGN: Prospective tracking of computer tutorial use. SETTING: A tertiary care pediatric emergency department. METHODS: A computer with two 30-minute multimedia computer tutorials was installed in the emergency department. The tutorials were designed for residents to use on a voluntary basis but were available to medical students and allied health professionals as well. Software tracked time, date, duration of use, and the user's path through each tutorial. Data were collected from July 15, 1996, through April 30, 1997. RESULTS: Twenty-eight residents interacted 71 times with the computer during the study. The mean duration of interactions was 22 minutes (SD, 18 minutes; range, 0-75 minutes), but many lasted less than 5 minutes (15 [21%] of 71). Twenty-four (34%) of the interactions led to tutorial completion. Residents were more likely to complete a tutorial during the day shift (22 [40%] of 55) compared with the evening shift (1 [7%] of 14) (P =.02). A third of the interactions were during evenings and weekends. The education station delivered 26.1 hours of instruction in total. Of 32 first-year pediatric and emergency medicine residents, 22 attempted the tutorials; 4 completed both, and 10 completed one. Allied health professionals were responsible for 28% of the total interactions. They were significantly more likely than medical trainees to have brief interactions, but they were no less likely to complete the tutorials (10 [22%] of 46 vs 31 [27%] of 115; P =.44). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric residents are willing to use an educational computer placed in the emergency department. Choice of form and content should take into account the likelihood of short interactions and the demonstrated interest of allied health professionals.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2001

Sun protection practices for children: knowledge, attitudes, and parent behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency with which sun protection is used by parents for their children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive survey conducted at a university medical clinic in Florida. PARTICIPANTS: Parents of children aged 1 to 16 years were approached in the waiting area, and 77 of 100 were successfully interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parents' self-reported use of sun protection measures for their children and their attitudes and beliefs about sun protection. RESULTS: Fewer than half of respondents (43%) reported regularly using sun protection for their child. Regular use of sun protection was reported more frequently by female caretakers and those with more favorable attitudes regarding sun protection use. Sunscreen was the most frequently used measure, and preventing sunburn was the primary reason for using sun protection. Respondents held several unfavorable sun protection attitudes, including the belief that sun exposure was healthy, that children looked better with a tan, and that it was okay to stay out in the sun longer if the child wore sunscreen. CONCLUSIONS: Regular use of sun protection for children is infrequent and consists primarily of applying sunscreen rather than methods that reduce sun exposure. Parents primarily use sunscreen to prevent sunburn and may increase their children's overall sun exposure as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Up-regulated expression of the phosphodiesterase nucleotide pyrophosphatase family member PC-1 is a marker and pathogenic factor for knee meniscal cartilage matrix calcification.

OBJECTIVE: Elevated cartilage inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) production and PPi-generating nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPPH) activity are strongly linked with aging-related cartilage calcification in meniscal and articular cartilages. We hypothesized that there were divergent relationships of 3 NTPPPH isozymes with cartilage matrix calcification and sought to identify them. METHODS: We studied knee medial meniscal expression in situ of 3 NTPPPH isozymes of the phosphodiesterase nucleotide pyrophosphatase (PDNP) family: plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 (PC-1, or PDNP1), autotaxin (ATX, or PDNP2), and B10/PDNP3. We also used complementary DNA transfection to assess differential functions in matrix calcification of each NTPPPH isozyme in vitro in meniscal cells. RESULTS: We observed diffuse cell-associated ATX and B10/PDNP3 expression in central (chondrocytic) and, to a lesser degree, peripheral (fibroblastic) regions of normal, degenerative uncalcified, and degenerative calcified menisci. In contrast, PC-1 expression was only robust at sites of apoptotic cells and calcification in central regions of degenerative menisci. Only PC-1 was abundant at the perimeter of meniscal cells and in association with meniscal cell-derived matrix vesicles (MVs). Because each PDNP-family isozyme was expressed by cells near calcifications, we transfected the isozymes in nonadherent knee meniscal cells cultured with ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone supplementation to stimulate them to calcify the matrix. PC-1, but not ATX or B10/PDNP3, consistently promoted increased MV NTPPPH, MV-associated PPi, and extracellular PPi. PC-1 also increased matrix calcification (with hydroxyapatite crystals) by meniscal cells. ATX uniquely induced alkaline phosphatase activity, but promoted only moderately increased matrix calcification. CONCLUSION: We identified divergent effects of 3 PDNP-family NTPPPH isozymes on meniscal cell matrix calcification. Increased expression of PC-1 is both a marker and a potential pathogenic factor for knee meniscal cartilage matrix calcification.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Development and validation of the ITG Health-Related Quality-of-Life Short-Form measure for use in patients with coronary artery disease. Integrated Therapeutics Group.

BACKGROUND: Available coronary artery disease (CAD)-specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) measures are not ideally suited for routine clinical practice. We report development of a valid and reliable CAD-specific short-form measure. HYPOTHESIS: The Integrated Therapeutics Group (ITG) CAD-specific short-form HRQL measure is reliable and valid for assessing the health status of patients with CAD. METHODS: In all, 409 patients (mean age 62.4 years) completed the 24-item CAD-specific HRQL questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to identify the scaling of the 24 CAD-specific items. Analysis of variance was used to reduce the number of items within each scale, and reliability (Cronbach's alpha), discriminant validity, and ceiling and floor effects of short-form scales were evaluated. Short-form scales were compared with the longer scales using relative validity coefficients. The CAD severity was assessed using New York Heart Association criteria, physician assessment, electrocardiogram results, the number of myocardial infarctions, and the number of CAD-specific medications. Clinical validity of short-form scales was then assessed based on their ability to discriminate across severity levels of these clinical criteria. RESULTS: Four scales were identified: Extent of Chest Pain, Functioning and Well-Being, Activities Level-Physical, and Activities Level-Social. The 24-item questionnaire was reduced to a 13-item short form, with reliability exceeding 0.70 for all four scales. Relative validity estimates comparing short-form to original scales ranged from 0.68 to 2.58. Mean scores varied significantly (p < 0.05) by clinical severity, supporting the discriminant validity of the ITG CAD short-form scales. CONCLUSIONS: The ITG CAD short form (used alone or with a general HRQL measure) is valid and practical for assessing patients with CAD.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Electronic prescribing via the internet for a coronary artery disease and hypertension megatrial.

A unique feature of the International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST) is the Internet-based, electronic data capture system developed at the University of Florida for this trial. This system allows for direct collection of patient enrollment data, randomization, study drug prescribing, and real-time monitoring of patient data online. In this trial, immediate transmission of patient-specific data occurs using online data collection forms. Investigators only need a personal computer with access to the Internet: no complicated hardware, software systems, or paper storage files are necessary. INVEST is the first large randomized clinical trial to use electronic prescribing systems in the research setting. Electronic prescribing eliminates errors associated with illegible handwriting, inappropriate dosing, and inappropriate medication choice. Because the INVEST protocol allows flexibility of medication choice and dosage range within randomly assigned treatment strategies based on patient tolerance and blood pressure response, physician investigators may use individual practice patterns and preferences. The electronic system provides guidance to physicians relative to the addition of medication or dosage adjustments within the protocol. Electronic tracking and reporting mechanisms have enabled investigators in this complex megatrial to enroll, randomize, and manage patients in real time with great accuracy.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed2001

Finance modeling in the delivery of medical care in tertiary-care hospitals in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

BACKGROUND: In the mid-1990s, the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) implemented the Veterans Equitable Resource Allocation (VERA), a new financial model developed to attempt to better distribute the approximately $18 billion annual budget among roughly 170 Veterans Administration Medical Centers (VAMCs). VERA is based on a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) model. VERA provides reimbursement to each of the 22 regional Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs), and subsequent VISN distribution to individual VAMCs is based on an individual medical center's enrollment of unique social security numbers (uniques). In HMO vocabulary these are individual "covered lives." METHODS: Currently available demographic and staffing information regarding the DVA's 23 tertiary hospital systems (Category 7 hospitals) on the KLF database (DVA Austin Data Base) and published information on the DVA website were reviewed. The following was obtained: (1) staffing information-physician and nurse full-time employment equivalent (FTEE) staffing; (2) patient demographics and hospital workload-facility uniques (u), outpatient facility uniques, average daily census (ADC), discharges, and outpatient clinic visits. The following staffing ratios were calculated for both physician and nursing: FTEE/(u/1000), FTEE/(discharges/1000), FTEE/(clinic visits/1000), FTEE/ADC. For all categories the means +/- SD were calculated and correlation coefficients were calculated on pertinent pairings. RESULTS: Although categorized as similar tertiary care facilities, the 23 "Group 7" VA hospitals are anything but equivalent when reviewed using the VERA financing model with respect to physician staffing, nurse staffing, and facility uniques. Using VERA methodology, average physician FTEE and total nursing FTEE staffing/(u/1000) are 3.67 +/- 0.89 and 15.53 +/- 3.77, respectively. Correlation statistics of staffing versus unique SSNs demonstrated correlation coefficients of 0.46 and 0.59 with respect to physician and nurse staffing, respectively. On the other hand, when physician FTEE and nursing FTEE staffing were compared with VAMC workload parameters (total ADC, discharges, and outpatient visits), correlation coefficients were more consistent, ranging from 0.62 to 0.86. CONCLUSIONS: In the VERA model, the reward of a larger annual budget for an individual VAMC or the regional VISN is realized when staffing of VAMCs is minimized, overall provided medical services (especially costly tertiary services) are limited, and the number of covered lives is maximized. A VAMC staffing system that equates medical services delivered in a tertiary VAMC setting based on an HMO model like VERA (where the user population is skewed toward the sicker, older patient) shows decreased correlation when compared with VAMC workload model parameters.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

Correlating computed tomography and positron emission tomography scan with operative findings in metastatic colorectal cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have been performed comparing computed tomography scan with positron emission tomography scan in clinical decision making. Unfortunately, therapeutic decisions are being made based on positron emission tomography scan data without a clear understanding of how well the diagnostic findings correlate with the clinical findings. METHODS: A retrospective review of 41 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was performed. All patients had both a computed tomography scan and a positron emission tomography scan before surgical exploration. All underwent surgical re-exploration. Findings were divided into hepatic, extrahepatic, and pelvic regions of the abdomen. Computed tomography scan and positron emission tomography scan findings were either confirmed or refuted by the operative findings. RESULTS: Positron emission tomography scan was found to be more sensitive than computed tomography scan when compared with actual operative findings in the liver (100 vs. 69 percent, P = 0.004), extrahepatic region (90 vs. 52 percent, P = 0.015), and abdomen as a whole (87 vs. 61 percent, P < 0.001). Sensitivities of positron emission tomography scan and computed tomography scan were not significantly different in the pelvic region (87 vs. 61 percent, P = 0.091). In each case, specificity was not significantly different between the two examinations. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography scan and positron emission tomography scan are both diagnostic tests useful in the evaluation of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, positron emission tomography scanning is more sensitive than computed tomography scanning and more likely to give the correct result when actual metastatic disease is present.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Imaging recurrent parosteal osteosarcoma.

The aim of this study was to document the imaging features of recurrent parosteal osteosarcoma. The clinical and imaging records of 33 patients with a parosteal osteosarcoma referred to an orthopaedic oncology service over a 17-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The mode of identification of locally recurrent tumour was noted, together with the management and clinical outcome. Five patients developed a local recurrence of their parosteal osteosarcoma ranging from 6 months to 10 years after initial surgery. In 4 patients the recurrence was first suspected clinically due to the development of a mass. In the fifth patient recurrence was first detected on routine follow-up radiography. In 4 patients the recurrence could be identified on radiography as a mineralized mass. All the recurrences were readily identified on MR imaging, despite artefacts from prostheses. The recurrences were also evident in the 3 cases in which bone scintigraphy was performed. Local recurrence of parosteal osteosarcoma is adequately detected with a combination of clinical examination and conventional radiography. MR imaging is required to stage local recurrence or where radiography has failed to confirm clinically suspected recurrence. The routine use of MR imaging to follow-up patients is of doubtful value because of the frequently long time between initial surgery and relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Interleukin-1 induces pro-mineralizing activity of cartilage tissue transglutaminase and factor XIIIa.

Two transglutaminases (TGases), Factor XIIIa and tissue TGase (tTGase), are expressed in temporal-spatial association with matrix calcification in growth plates. Meniscal and articular cartilage matrix calcification are prevalent in osteoarthritis (OA) and aging. Here, we demonstrated up-regulation of tTGase and Factor XIIIa in superficial and deep zones of knee OA articular cartilage and the central (chondrocytic) zone of OA menisci. Transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin (IL)-1beta induced Factor XIIIa and tTGase expression in cartilage and meniscal organ cultures. Thus, we studied TGase activity. Donor age-dependent, OA severity-related, and IL-1-induced increases in TGase activity were demonstrated in both knee menisci and cultured meniscal cells. Meniscal cell TGase activity was stimulated by nitric oxide donors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but transforming growth factor-beta did not stimulate TGase activity. The iNOS inhibitor N-monomethylarginine (NMMA) and an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)2 and TRAF6 signaling (the zinc finger protein A20) suppressed IL-1 induction of TGase activity. Increased Factor XIIIa and tTGase activities, achieved via direct transfection of chondrocytic TC28 and meniscal cells, both induced matrix apatite deposition. Thus, Factor XIIIa and tTGase activities were increased in aging, degenerative cartilages and induced by IL-1. Because TGase activity promoted apatite deposition, our findings potentially implicate inflammation in the pathogenesis of cartilage matrix calcification.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2001

PC-1 nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency in idiopathic infantile arterial calcification.

Inogranic pyrophosphate (PPi) inhibits hydroxyapatite deposition, and mice deficient in the PPi-generating nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPPH) Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) develop peri-articular and arterial calcification in early life. In idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC), hydroxyapatite deposition and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation occur, sometimes associated with peri-articular calcification. Thus, we assessed PC-1 expression and PPi metabolism in a 25-month-old boy with IIAC and peri-articular calcifications. Plasma PC-1 was <1 ng/ml by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the proband, but 10 to 30 ng/ml in unaffected family members and controls. PC-1 functioned to raise extracellular PPi in cultured aortic SMCs. However, PC-1 was sparse in temporal artery lesion SMCs in the proband, unlike the case for SMCs in atherosclerotic carotid artery lesions of unrelated adults. Proband plasma and explant-cultured dermal fibroblast NTPPPH and PPi were markedly decreased. The proband was heterozygous at the PC-1 locus, and sizes of PC-1 mRNA and polypeptide, and the PC-1 mRNA-coding region sequence were normal in proband fibroblasts. However, immunoreactive PC-1 protein was relatively sparse in proband fibroblasts. In conclusion, deficient extracellular PPi and a deficiency of PC-1 NTPPPH activity can be associated with human infantile arterial and peri-articular calcification, and may help explain the sharing of certain phenotypic features between some IIAC patients and PC-1-deficient mice.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed2001

Effects of in vivo heregulin beta1 treatment in wild-type and ErbB gene-targeted mice depend on receptor levels and pregnancy.

Mice heterozygous (+/-) for either heregulin (HRG), ErbB2, or ErbB3 were created by gene targeting, resulting in the loss of one functional gene copy and an associated decrease in targeted protein. We examined the in vivo activity of recombinant HRG peptide, rHRG beta1 (amino acids 177 to 241), in the three heterozygous mouse lines and in wild-type (WT) mice, both pregnant and nonpregnant. Nonpregnant WT and HRG(+/-) mice of both sexes were sensitive to rHRG beta1 treatment as evidenced by a high mortality rate associated with abdominal enlargement and parietal cell loss. However, pregnant WT mice and ErbB2 and ErbB3 heterozygous mice treated with rHRG beta1 were less affected, with significantly lower mortality rates and a less severe abdominal phenotype. Histological analysis revealed extensive breast ductal hyperplasia in females of all genotypes after rHRG beta1 treatment. Hyperplasia of other epithelial tissues such as the pancreas and intestine and the growth of cardiac nerve bundles were also observed, independent of sex.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC): reliability and association with abuse exposure in a multi-site study.

OBJECTIVE: The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) is a 90-item caretaker-report measure of children's trauma- and abuse-related symptomatology. It contains two reporter validity scales and eight clinical scales [Post-traumatic Stress-Intrusion (PTS-I), Post-traumatic Stress-Avoidance (PTS-AV), Post-traumatic Stress-Arousal (PTS-AR), Post-traumatic Stress-Total (PTS-TOT), Sexual Concerns (SC), Dissociation (DIS), Anxiety (ANX), Depression (DEP), and Anger/Aggression (ANG)], as well as an item assessing hours per week of caretaker contact with the child. This paper introduces the TSCYC and describes its psychometric properties in a multisite validity study. METHOD: A total of 219 TSCYCs administered by six clinician/researchers across the United States were analyzed for scale reliability and association with several types of childhood maltreatment. RESULTS: The TSCYC clinical scales have good reliability and are associated with exposure to childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing domestic violence. The PTS-I, PTS-AV, PTS-AR, and PTS-TOT scales were most predictive, followed by SC in the case of sexual abuse and DIS in the case of physical abuse. There were a small number of age, sex, and race effects on TSCYC scores. CONCLUSIONS: The TSCYC appears to have reasonable psychometric characteristics, and correlates as expected with various types of trauma exposure. Subject to continued validation and the development of general population norms, its use as a clinical measure is supported.

Anger↗
PubMed2001

NF-kappaB is involved in the survival of cerebellar granule neurons: association of IkappaBbeta [correction of Ikappabeta] phosphorylation with cell survival.

The NF-kappaB transcription factor consists of dimeric complexes belonging to the Rel family, which include p50, p52, p65 (RelA), RelB and c-Rel. NF-kappaB activity is tightly controlled by IkappaB proteins which bind to NF-kappaB preventing its translocation to the nucleus. Activation of NF-kappaB is most often mediated by IkappaB degradation, which permits NF-kappaB to enter the nucleus. We investigated the role of NF-kappaB in the survival of cerebellar granule neurons. We found that survival of these neurons in high potassium medium is blocked by three separate inhibitors of NF-kappaB activity: SN-50, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, indicating that NF-kappaB is required for neuronal survival. Gel-shift assays reveal three complexes that bind to the NF-kappaB binding site in high potassium medium. Switching these cultures to low potassium medium, a stimulus that leads to apoptotic death, causes a reduction in the level of the largest complex, which contains p65. Overexpression of p65 by transfection inhibits low potassium-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of IkappaBalpha promotes apoptosis even in high potassium medium. Surprisingly, however, neither the level of endogenous p65 nor that of IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta is altered by low potassium treatment. Similarly, no changes are seen in the nuclear or cytoplasmic levels of p50, p52, RelB and c-Rel. Phosphorylation of p65, which can lead to its activation, is unchanged. Phosphorylation of IkappaBbeta is, however, reduced by low potassium treatment. Besides being necessary for high potassium-mediated neuronal survival, NF-kappaB is also involved in the survival-promoting effects of IGF-1 and cAMP as judged by the ability of SN-50 to inhibit the actions of these survival factors and the ability of these factors to inhibit the low potassium-induced alterations in the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB. Taken together, our results show that NF-kappaB may represent a point of convergence in the signaling pathways activated by different survival factors and that uncommon mechanisms might be involved in NF-kappaB-mediated survival of cerebellar granule neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury with partial liquid ventilation.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Pulmonary injury from mechanical ventilation has been attributed to application of excess alveolar pressure (barotrauma) or volume (volutrauma). The authors questioned whether partial liquid ventilation (gas ventilation of the perfluorocarbon filled lung, PLV) would reduce ventilator-induced lung injury. METHODS: A tracheostomy tube and carotid artery catheter were placed in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (500 +/- 50 g). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) labeled with Iodine (I) 125 was administered intraarterially. Ventilation with tidal volume (TV) of 5 mL/kg was initiated. The rats were then selected randomly to a 30-minute experimental period of one of the following ventilation protocols: continued atraumatic gas ventilation (GV, TV, 5 mL/kg; n = 10); atraumatic gas ventilation combined with intratracheal administration of 10 mL/kg perfluorocarbon (GV-PLV, TV, 5 mL/kg, n = 10); barotrauma (BT, peak inspiratory pressure [PIP], 45 cm H(2)O; n = 10); barotrauma with PLV (BT-PLV, PIP, 45 cm H(2)O; n = 8); volutrauma (VT, TV, 30 mL/kg; n = 8); or volutrauma with PLV (VT-PLV, TV, 30 mL/kg; n = 10). Animals were killed and the amount of radiolabeled BSA in both lungs was measured and normalized to the counts in 1 mL of blood from that animal (injury index). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc t test comparison between groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the (125)I-BSA injury index when all groups were compared (P <.001 by ANOVA). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant decrease in the injury index when comparing BT versus BT-PLV (P =.024) and VT versus VT-PLV (P =.014). CONCLUSION: (125)I-BSA leak produced during high-pressure or high-volume mechanical ventilation is reduced by partial liquid ventilation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

MAPS: a microarray project system for gene expression experiment information and data validation.

SUMMARY: MAPS is a MicroArray Project System for management and interpretation of microarray gene expression experiment information and data. Microarray project information is organized to track experiments and results that are: (1) validated by performing analysis on stored replicate gene expression data; and (2) queried according to the biological classifications of genes deposited on microarray chips.

Computer Communication Networks↗