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Biomedical subjects

K Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to K Jacobsen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prospective stress radiography in 38 old injuries of the ligaments of the knee joint.

In a prospective clinical and stress radiographic study comprising 38 patients, the course of chronic ligament injuries in the knee joint was evaluated. All but five patients had isolated ligament injuries, 16 of which affected the anterior cruciate ligament. The operations were performed from 18 days to 20 years after the injury had occurred. In 13 patients primary suture could be carried out, 12 patients underwent exploratory arthrotomy, and the remainder had relevant ligament repair. After a follow-up period of 7 years the instability had been cured in all patients with medial laxity and in one of two patients with lateral laxity. Nineteen patients had a drawer sign preoperatively. The anterior drawer sign disappeared in practically all patients, while a posterior drawer sign was a constant sequel to injury affecting the posterior cruciate ligament. It was difficult to prevent the development of rotatory instability--which was present in six preoperatively and in 14 at follow-up--and the rotatory instabilities were predominantly marked (greater than 6 mm). Nevertheless, only a few patients had an annoying sensation of instability. By means of ligament reconstruction, it was possible to reduce the preoperative instability appreciably. Passive instability had completely subsided in 40 per cent (15/38). The subjective result was good, only 16 per cent (6/38) having troublesome loss of function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Adverse effects of extradural and intrathecal opiates: report of a nationwide survey in Sweden.

The Swedish Society of Anaesthetists conducted a nationwide retrospective survey of clinical experience with extradural and intrathecal opiates. Special interest was focused on the frequency and type of ventilatory depression. The questionnaire was answered by 84 of 93 departments (90%). Up to May 1981 extradural morphine had been given to approximately 6000-9150 patients, extradural pethidine to 220-450 and intrathecal morphine to 90-150 patients. Ventilatory depression requiring treatment with naloxone was reported in 23 patients treated with extradural morphine (0.25-0.40%) and in six given intrathecal morphine (4-7%). In 22 patients the administration of extradural morphine was considered as a major contributory factor for the occurrence of ventilatory depression. Only two of these 22 patients experienced ventilatory depression later than 6 h after the last dose of opiates (S.C., i.m., i.v. or extradural). Patients aged 70 yr or more, those receiving thoracic extradural puncture and those with reduced ventilatory capacity seemed to be overrepresented.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prospective stress radiographic study of knee ligament injuries in 62 patients treated by acute repair.

A prospective clinical and stress radiographic study comprising 62 patients was performed to assess the value of acute repair of 35 isolated collateral ligament injuries and 27 major injuries. After a follow-up period of 6 years there was no lateral or medical instability in 42 out of 46 patients. This included 31 out of 33 patients in the group with medial collateral ligament injuries. Among the patients with major injuries 16 (60 per cent) had drawer signs, but in only 6 was there significant instability (greater than 6 mm). In the total material it proved difficult to prevent the development of rotatory instability. This was present in 10 patients preoperatively and in 19 at follow-up. However, this instability was on the whole slight and was experienced as annoying by only 4 patients. Measurement of passive instability showed that 55 per cent (34/62) had become completely stable, but this applied to only 30 per cent (8/27) of patients with major injuries. The functional end result was unsatisfactory in 8 patients (13 per cent). Although several patients could compensate muscularly for a marked passive instability, there was a significant correlation between instability and functional loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Biological properties of ristocetin-ps-aglycone.

Ristocetin-ps-aglycone obtained by acid hydrolysis of ristocetin A, has a substantially greater antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than the parent compound. None of the substances are active against Gram-negative bacteria, yeast or fungi. The ps-aglycone is several times more toxic than ristocetin A when administered intravenously. Both substances are well-tolerated when given subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and perorally. Both ristocetin A and the ps-aglycone have a very low absorption after oral administration. Plasma levels following intravenous administration of ristocetin A and the ps-aglycone are comparable, with both showing a rapid decline during the first 60 minutes followed by a somewhat slower elimination. The aggregating properties of the ps-aglycone could not be determined due to its low solubility at neutral pH.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of equine neutrophils and analysis of functional characteristics by chemiluminescence and bacterial assays.

Equine neutrophils (PMN) were isolated to greater than 99% purity by isopyknic sedimentation on coated colloidal silica particles. A cell recovery of 84.7 +/- 4.0%, with a viability of greater than 99%, was observed with this method. The isolated PMN were compared with mixed population of equine peripheral leukocytes with respect to functional integrity by chemiluminescence and bactericidal assays. There was no significant difference (P less than 0.01) observed in either assay between the isolated equine PMN and the mixed-cell populations. The methods used in both the isolation as well as the functional characterization of the equine PMN, were rapid and highly reproducible and should readily find use in clinical and research laboratories. It is now feasible to rapidly assess equine PMN integrity in those cases which warrant this type of study. This is the first direct comparison of the chemiluminescence assay with the microbicidal assay, using equine PMN.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of rotatory instability in injured knees by stress radiography.

Rotatory instability of injured knees may be demonstrated by stress radiography by recording the different movements of the medial and lateral tibial condyle at pull or push with the knee in 90 degrees flexion. The displacements of the condyles are expressed in millimetres, not degrees. Comparison with the healthy knee is always used. The displacement of a tibial condyle has to exceed 3.0 mm in relation to the healthy knee to be defined as pathological. If the movements of both condyles exceed the movements in the healthy knee by more than 3.0 mm in the same direction a drawer sign is present--if only one of them moves, an abnormal rotation is present. When a drawer sign is present there may still be a greater displacement of one of the tibial condyles which means a rotatory instability added to the drawer sign, designated a complex rotatory instability. All types of rotatory instabilities, simple and complex, are defined and discussed, in relation to the classification of Nicholas, Trickey and Slocum & Larson. Forty-one cases of abnormal rotation were demonstrated in this series by stress radiography. The direction of rotation and the type of instability are described and compared with the operative findings. The findings are in agreement with those of the above-mentioned authors and the experimental work of Warren et al.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

A clinical and stress radiographical follow-up investigation after Jones' operation for replacing the anterior cruciate ligament.

Measurements have been made on knee radiographs exposed during stress displacement by controlled hydraulic forces using a specially designed apparatus. This accurately records the amount of anterior and posterior tibial displacement (drawer sign) and the degree of medial and lateral collateral ligament laxity on radiographs. The findings in 25 patients have been analysed following the Jones' procedure for the repair of the anterior cruciate ligaments. The operative results were judged to be completely successful in 72% of patients and the value of stress radiographic measurements is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Radiologic technique for measuring instability in the knee joint.

The measurement of anteroposterior instability as well as lateral and medical instability in the knee joint based upon radiologic films exposed while forces are being exerted on the patient in a specially constructed stress apparatus is described. Measurements on the films require detailed knowledge of the landmarks of the joint, alignment of baselines to special points, especially on the lateral projection, where anterior and posterior displacement should be measured for each tibial condyle to calculate the mean.

Female↗
PubMed1977

A modified McCash operation for Dupuytren's contracture.

The open palm technique for Dupuytren's contracture in connection with a midlateral ulnar incision on the fifth finger was used in selected cases of severe contracture with skin shrinkage (13% of all cases during a 2 1/2 year period). Special attention was drawn to the "cornerflap" of the incision, but no vascular problems were found. All wounds closed spontaneously in 3--6 weeks. The finger release was as good as in other series of patients with similar severity of the disease. We propose this technique only in cases with severe contracture and in good physical and mental condition.

Dupuytren Contracture↗
PubMed1977

Stress radiographical measurements of post-traumatic knee instability. A clinical study.

In a prospective, consecutive, clinical and stress radiographical study, comprising 153 traumatic knee injuries, the value of stress radiographical measurements, gonylaxometry, was studied. Clinical evaluation, gonylaxometry and preoperative evaluation under general anaesthesia were carried out in that order. Then the operative findings were recorded as drawings on standard diagrams. These were used as a basis for evaluation of the preoperative tests. Of all the methods evaluated, gonylaxometry was found to provide the most accurate information regarding the knee injury. Very close to this result were the findings under general anaesthesia. Anterior drawer sign was measured gonylaxometrically when damage to the anterior cruciate ligament was present; posterior drawer meant damage to the posterior cruciate ligament. Partial ruptures of cruciate ligaments did not allow antero-posterior displacements exceeding the critical levels of the test. Small positive medial instability was found with ruptures of profound medial structures, higher values with total rupture of the long superficial collateral band, and still higher values when cruciate ligament ruptures were also present. The predictive values of a positive radiographical test were 100 per cent as regards medial instability and 98 per cent for drawer looseness. The predictive values of a negative test were 96 per cent for drawer and 92 per cent for medial instability. These figures are based on the total material. 95 per cent confidence limits are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Osteoarthrosis following insufficiency of the cruciate ligaments in man. A clinical study.

Based on a series of 48 patients with old untreated ruptures of one or both cruciate ligaments, the development of osteoarthrotic changes was demonstrated by radiography and at operation. The changes were similar to those seen in animal experiments and developed in the same sequence. Osteophytes occurred in knees with anterior cruciate insufficiency after about 2 years; significant osteoarthrotic changes occurred after longer periods, and particularly in knees with damage to both cruciate ligaments.

Adolescent↗