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Biomedical subjects

K Ishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishimoto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Severe surgical infection with no information in terms of bacteria].

The incidence of bacteria caused postoperative infections was performed at the timing when bacteria or fungi is not yet detected. This period is important for management of postoperative infections. MRSA, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and fungi were detected with high frequency irrespective of the surgical area. After the operation of esophageal cancer, the most frequent infection was postoperative pneumonia, and the isolated bacteria was P. aeruginosa frequently. In the cases of gastric cancer, hepato-biliary-pancreas cancer and colorectal cancer, intraabdominal sepsis was the highest incidence, and the isolated bacteria was E. faecalis. In terms of intravenous catheter infection, fungus was common. Thus, it may suggest that we can identify the bacteria caused, and the management for postoperative infections was performed appropriately by using the antibiotics which have the sensitive against the expected pathogen.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Current occurrence and infection control of MRSA enteritis for surgical patients in Japan (first report)].

We investigated the current occurrence and the infection control of MRSA enteritis in the surgical facilities in Japan from July 1990 to June 1992. In this two years, MRSA enteritis was encountered in 831 cases in 144 of 279 facilities (51.6%) which had replied to our survey. Frequency of onset of MRSA enteritis in the surgical specialty was 95% in abdominal surgery and general surgery. Nosocomial infection controls for MRSA infection were done in 92.1% of 261 facilities who replied to our questionnaire. Preventive control in the preoperative and postoperative periods were performed in 23.8%. Various controls for MRSA enteritis were recognized and enforced in 56.7% with restriction of postoperative antibiotics, 65.5% with environmental controls, 70.5% with preventive control for the medical staff and 42.9% with the control for the expansion of nosocomial MRSA infections.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1994

One hundred neuroblastomas detected through a mass screening system in Japan.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, a nationwide mass screening (MS) program for preclinical detection of neuroblastoma in infants was done by measuring urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid at the age of 6 months. In this study, clinical, histopathologic, and biologic features of 100 neuroblastomas detected through the Japanese MS are presented. METHODS: Clinical data of the MS cases were collected and histologic and biologic studies performed on the surgically resected neuroblastomas. Histopathologic evaluation was done including the Shimada classification (all tumors), N-myc oncogene status (58 tumors), and ploidy analysis (31 tumors). The serum ferritin level was measured before surgical intervention in 27 cases. RESULTS: The primary tumor sites of these cases were adrenal (69), retroperitoneum (21), and mediastinum (10). The tumors were clinical Stage I (31), II (31), III (19), IV (8), and IV-S (9); two children had bilateral primary adrenal tumors. Ninety-three percent (93/100) had favorable histology; 100% (58/58) had nonamplified N-myc oncogene expression; 81% (25/31) showed a favorable ploidy pattern, and 96% (26/27) had normal serum ferritin levels. To date, all children in this series are alive and well, although a total of 13 tumors were associated with one or two poor risk factors; 6 had unfavorable histology (UH), 5 had an unfavorable ploidy (UP) pattern, one had UH and UP, and one had an elevated ferritin level. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of neuroblastomas detected through the MS showed favorable biologic factors (biologically favorable group). However, there was a small group with histopathologic and/or biologic unfavorable factors. Patients with unfavorable factors apparently benefit most from early surgical intervention.

Ferritins↗
PubMed1994

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for biliary stones: a nationwide survey in Japan.

To assess the current status of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of gall-stones in Japan, we conducted a nationwide survey by sending a questionnaire to 251 institutions using this therapy. Replies were obtained from 50 institutions. The use of ESWL was investigated over the period from its introduction up to October 1992. ESWL was performed on 2,760 of 10,058 patients with gallstones (27.4%). The stones were completely pulverized in 1,021 of these 2,760 patients (37.0%). Complete disappearance was limited to single gallstones less than 20 mm in maximum diameter. A comparison in the number of ESWL sessions revealed no significant difference between the patients with and without a good response. Choledocholithiasis was resolved completely in 44.0% of 157 patients who underwent ESWL for this condition and intrahepatic stones were cured in 18.7% of 32 patients. Therefore, ESWL may be a useful form of conservative therapy for biliary calculi.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1994

Nucleotide sequence of the rpoN gene and characterization of two downstream open reading frames in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The rpoN gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is required for the expression of a number of diverse genes, ranging from several classes of bacterial adhesins to enzymes for amino acid biosynthesis. The nucleotide sequence of the rpoN gene and its flanking region has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the rpoN product is highly homologous to sequences of RpoN proteins of other microorganisms. Moreover, two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) encoding peptides of 103 and 154 amino acids long, respectively, were found downstream of the rpoN gene. These two ORF products have a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with products of similar ORFs located adjacent to the rpoN genes in other microorganisms. Mutations in either ORF lead to a significant increase in P. aeruginosa generation time when propagated on minimal medium. These mutations had no effect on the expression of pilin or flagellin genes, whose expression depends on RpoN. Complementation analysis showed that the two ORFs are in the same transcriptional unit and the growth defects of the two ORF mutants on minimal medium are due to mutational effects on ORF2. The adverse effect of the ORF mutations on the growth of P. aeruginosa in minimal media can be suppressed by the addition of glutamine but not arginine, glutamate, histidine, or proline. Since rpoN mutants of P. aeruginosa display this same amino acid requirement for growth, the ORF2 product very likely functions as a coinducer of some but not all of the RpoN-controlled genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[c-erbB-2 oncogene product expression in lacrimal gland tumors].

Using a polyclonal antibody to the c-erbB-2 oncogene product (ErbB-2 protein), an immunohistochemical study on the expression of ErbB-2 protein in lacrimal gland tumors was performed. The expression of ErbB-2 protein was observed in 4 (33.3%) of 12 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, but was not in two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and one case of normal lacrimal gland. The immunohistochemical reaction was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and was more intense in the former. There were strongly stained cells in the epithelium of ductal cell lineage and in the solid area, and some of the cells in the myxoid/chondroid areas were weakly stained. The relation ErbB-2 protein with the malignant lacrimal gland tumors in general is not clear, but pleomorphic adenomas of lacrimal gland could have some relation with this protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Malignant lymphoma with various neuropsychological symptoms].

A case of malignant lymphoma presented with various neuropsychological symptoms which made it difficult to achieve the diagnosis and therapy. A 9-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with complaints of psychological symptoms, impairment of consciousness and generalized convulsive seizures. A lumbar puncture revealed infiltration of numerous blasts which were positive for immature B cell markers. CT scan showed a mass in the right ethmoidal sinus, but no space occupying lesion in the brain. The tumor cells in the right ethmoidal sinus had the same phenotypes as those in the CSF. Thus a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, developing in the right ethmoidal sinus and infiltrating into the central nervous system, was established. The blast cells in the liquor and the tumor of the right ethmoidal sinus disappeared after induction of systemic chemotherapy, irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. However, intracranial bleeding occurred during the chemotherapy. He died of respiratory failure 10 months after the start of treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[A study of E2A gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

E2A gene rearrangements and E2A-PBX1 chimeric mRNA produced by t(1;19) were examined in 50 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Nine of 10 ALL cases with t(1;19) showed the rearrangement by Southern blotting using the E2A gene probe when digested with Xba I, Bgl II, and Eco RI, and the remaining one having hyperdiploidy which was considered to be a sign of good prognosis, lacked E2A rearrangement. Six of 7 ALL cases with t(1;19) that were tested showed the predicted 164 bps band of E2A-PBX1 chimeric mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while a case having t(1;19) without E2A rearrangement and 10 cases lacking t(1;19) did not. Three ALL cases tested did not have E2A-PBX1 mRNA at the time complete remission 4 months after diagnosis. Forty ALL cases lacking t(1;19), including 4 cases with t(11;19), did not reveal rearrangement of E2A. We conclude that t(1;19)-ALL can be molecularly diagnosed, and minimal residual disease could be detected by the RT-PCR method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Electromagnetic wave emitting products and "Kikoh" potentiate human leukocyte functions.

Tourmaline (electric stone, a type of granite stone), common granite stone, ceramic disks, hot spring water and human palmar energy (called "Kikoh" in Japan and China), all which emit electromagnetic radiation in the far infrared region (wavelength 4-14 microns). These materials were thus examined for effects on human leukocyte activity and on lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. It was revealed that these materials significantly increased intracellular calcium ion concentration, phagocytosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils, and the blastogenetic response of lymphocytes to mitogens. Chemotactic activity by neutrophils was also enhanced by exposure to tourmaline and the palm of "Kikohshi" i.e., a person who heals professionally by the laying on of hands. Despite the increase in reactive oxygen species generated by neutrophils, lipid peroxidation from unsaturated fatty acid was markedly inhibited by these four materials. The results suggest that materials emitting electromagnetic radiation in the far infrared range, which are widely used in Japan for cosmetic, therapeutic, and preservative purposes, appear capable of potentiating leukocyte functions without promoting oxidative injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Carbamazepine-induced thrombocytopenia and leucopenia complicated by Henoch-Schönlein purpura symptoms.

A rare case of carbamazepine-induced leucopenia and thrombocytopenia complicated by Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) symptoms is presented. Laboratory findings suggested that leucopenia and thrombocytopenia could be due to bone marrow suppression and HSP symptoms to an allergic reaction to carbamazepine. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report that carbamazepine may cause haematological disorders associated with symptoms of HSP by different mechanisms at the same time in the same patient.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1993

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor down-regulates the surface expression of the human leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 on human neutrophils in vitro and in vivo.

The leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1) is the human homologue of the murine peripheral lymph node homing receptor, MEL-14, and might play a crucial role in neutrophil localization at inflammatory sites. We have reported previously that recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) stimulates or enhances several neutrophil functions in vivo, as well as in vitro. To further explore the possible role of G-CSF in inflammation we studied the effect of rhG-CSF on the surface expression of LAM-1 on human neutrophils, both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of LAM-1 by human neutrophils was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies anti-Leu-8 and TQ1. A whole blood analysis was performed to minimize in vitro manipulation. Most circulating human neutrophils expressed LAM-1 on the cell surface. Brief exposure of neutrophils to rhG-CSF in vitro decreased the surface expression of LAM-1. rhG-CSF down-regulated neutrophil LAM-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Neutrophils from healthy volunteers and from patients who were receiving rhG-CSF exhibited a decreased expression of LAM-1 after rhG-CSF administration, and the expression thereafter returned or overshot the pretreatment level after stopping rhG-CSF administration. These findings indicate that rhG-CSF down-regulates the surface expression of LAM-1 on human neutrophils in vivo, as well as in vitro, and G-CSF might participate in neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction in inflamed tissue.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

Genetic and functional characterization of the gene cluster specifying expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili.

The genetic organization of the gene cluster containing pilA, the structural gene for type IV pilin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the accessory genes pilB, pilC, and pilD, has been studied. DNA sequences capable of initiating transcription when fused to a promoterless lacZ gene have been identified in the pilA-pilB and pilB-pilC intergenic regions. Unlike pilA, which requires rpoN (encoding the sigma 54 subunit of RNA polymerase) and products of two regulatory genes, pilS and pilR, expression of pilB, pilC, or pilD did not depend on any of these transcriptional regulators. Moreover, transcription of pilA from the tac promoter in an rpoN mutant background resulted in piliated bacteria, suggesting that the RpoN-based regulatory network is specific for pilA and does not control expression of any other genes necessary for formation of pili. Insertion of the omega fragment containing strong transcriptional terminators into pilB, pilC, and pilD failed to have a polar effect on expression of downstream genes, as determined by the ability of each cloned gene to complement, in trans, the corresponding insertionally inactivated chromosomal copy. Insertions into pilC, however, resulted in decreased synthesis of PilD as determined by quantitation of PilD enzymatic activity in processing prepilin in vitro and by immunoassay. This finding suggests that PilD may require PilC for its optimal stability or correct membrane localization.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Age-dependent basal level and induction capacity of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase and other scavenging enzyme activities in leukocytes from young and elderly adults.

Several enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species in in vivo. We assessed both basal levels and the capacity of these enzyme activities to be induced in human leukocytes in response to a variety of agents. Basal activity of copper-zinc SOD, and manganese SOD showed little variation with age. In contrast, the basal activity of the three H2O2 scavenging enzymes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, was significantly higher in younger adults than in elderly individuals. Both manganese SOD and copper, zinc SOD activities were significantly induced by paraquat, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, adriamycin, and bleomycin in lymphocytes and neutrophils from asymptomatic non-aged adults, whereas neither activity was induced in aged individuals. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly induced in both groups of subjects, whereas catalase and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were only slightly induced in either. Enzyme induction with paraquat, adriamycin, or bleomycin was inhibitable by neutralizing antibody to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, suggesting that the inductions observed with these three drugs are due to the distal mediators, interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor released from the cells. Finally, as observed in the regulation of genes in eukaryotes (Storz et al: Bacterial defenses against oxidative stress. Trends Genetics 1990, 6:363-368, ref. 1) O2- and H2O2 seem to differ in the rate of change with age in both basal levels and inducibility under oxygen stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Human parvovirus B19 infection in patients with hematologic disorders on chemotherapy].

We described two cases having erythroid hypoplasia and pancytopenia, respectively, caused by human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection on chemotherapy. The first patient was a seven-year-old boy with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He has obtained complete remission with LSA2L2 protocol, but, immediately after this remission, he suddenly developed high fever, erythema on cheeks and severe anemia without reticulocytes. We concluded that the cause of anemia and other symptoms were due to PVB19 infection because PVB19 DNA in his serum was detected by dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction, although specific antibodies to PVB19 remained absent. He received gamma-globulin intravenously (200mg/kg/day for 5 days). The fever and erythema were improved promptly, but viremia and anemia lasted a few weeks and the specific antibodies to PVB19 were negative for about two months thereafter. The second patient was a nine-year-old boy with common ALL in remission. Pancytopenia suddenly occurred under maintenance therapy. Because IgM to PVB19 was detected in his serum, the patient was diagnosed to have temporary pancytopenia due to PVB19 infection. In conclusion, it is important to confirm specific antibodies and PVB19 DNA in serum when anemia or pancytopenia of unknown cause occurs in immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics and management of patients with fetal neuroblastoma.

At 35 weeks 6 days of gestational age, ultrasound evaluation of the fetal abdomen showed a mixed cystic mass in the superior pole of the left kidney. The mass was suspected to be an adrenal hemorrhage or neuroblastoma. The diagnosis was fetal neuroblastoma. Differential diagnosis enabled the fetal neuroblastoma to be distinguished from adrenal hemorrhage. The parameters of diagnosis of fetal neuroblastoma include no specific ultrasonographic pattern, lack of palpability, and no tumor markers. However, certain features do characterize fetal neuroblastoma, such as little metastases, complete resection at operation, and excellent prognosis. In cases of suspected neuroblastoma, a laparotomy performed as soon as possible is generally regarded as the best course of treatment. Nonetheless, biological analyses of the tumor may prove in the future to be necessary for determining whether or not laparotomy is the best treatment.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Skull base reconstruction in cases of intracranial teratoma extending into the extracranial structures.

Recently experienced were two cases of postnatally diagnosed intracranial teratoma, one a mature teratoma and the other an immature teratoma, both extending into the extracranial structures. In each case, tumor resection was performed in which a barrier was created between the intracranial and extracranial spaces with a temporalis muscle flap. The technical aspect of skull base reconstruction is described, and previously reported cases of intracranial teratoma involving the skull base are reviewed.

Brain Neoplasms↗