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Biomedical subjects

K Ishihara

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishihara.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Malignant melanoma in Japan: unique distribution and effect of DAV chemoimmunotherapy (part II)].

This study, based on a cooperative group project involving 4 major medical institutes in Japan, presents the second survey of malignant melanoma patients (198 cases) where an attempt is made to systemically evaluate the survival rates of these patients with respect to the tumor thickness and location of primary lesions, and the response to chemoimmunotherapy. More than 50% of total collected cases showed the primary lesions on the limbs. The most common type and site of involvement is the acral lentiginous melanomas involving the plantar areas (more than 30). The survival rates affecting the limbs were better than those affecting the non-limb areas. However, the comparison of the survival rates did not reveal any difference between those cases affecting the plantar and non-plantar areas. The difference in the prognosis of melanoma patients appeared to be related to the tumor thickness. By historical comparison, the DAV (DTIC, ACNU, VCR) treated group exhibited a better survival rate than the non-DAV treated group. Furthermore, the DAV group with immunoadjuvant therapy (mainly OK-432) showed a better prognosis than the DAV group without any immunoadjuvant therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental study on diabetes and pregnancy: with special reference to the effects of insulin treatment on fetuses of diabetic dams].

Through the development of treatment of diabetes mellitus, diabetic cases of pregnancy have been increasing, and the effects of maternal hyperglycemia and insulin-treated hypoglycemia on the growth and life of fetuses and newborns are becoming very important problems. However, it is difficult for us to investigate the fetuses of human diabetic mothers as experimental models. Although many reports deal with the development of newborns of diabetic mothers and about their secretory changes of insulin and C-peptide reactivity, there have been few reports concerning the effects of severe diabetes on pregnancy and the effects of insulin treatment on fetuses. Concerning experimental animals, there are also few reports about the effects of insulin treatment on diabetic pregnant animals. We conducted the present investigation to determine the effects of insulin treatment on the growth and metabolism of the fetuses of diabetic pregnant rats. Virgin female Wistar rats weighing 200 approximately 300 g were caged overnight with male rats. The mated females were isolated and the gestational age was calculated from noon of this day (zero). Seventeen of 24 pregnant rats received a rapid intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) in 0.4 ml of 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) immediately after blood samples were collected through the jugular vein under light ether anaesthesia on the 5th day of gestation. Seven pregnant rats were injected with only 0.4 ml of citrate buffer and served as the controls. These rats were divided into four groups, and each group was named as follows: Normal pregnant rats group (group I, n = 7), diabetic pregnant rats group (group II, n = 6) and insulin-treated diabetic pregnant rats group (group III: plasma glucose level 60 approximately 300 mg/dl, n = 6 and group IV: plasma glucose level below 60 mg/dl, n = 5). Group III and IV rats were treated with a subcutaneous injection of Lente Insulin (from 2 u. to 6 u.) every day from the 13th to the 19th day of gestation. Group II rats were injected with saline every day in the same way. Maternal blood samples were collected under light ether anaesthesia after feeding ad libitum on the 5th and 12th days of gestation. On the 20th day of gestation, the pregnant rats were anaesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital, and blood samples were collected in the manner stated above. Each fetus and placenta was taken out individually by hysterotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The site of sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis in rat gastric mucosa.

The site of the synthesis of the sulfated glycoproteins in rat gastric mucosa using organ culture system has been studied. About 98% of the 35S radioactivity associated with the glycoproteins was found in corpus region. The sulfated glycoproteins were synthesized mainly in corpus, poorly in antrum and none in forestomach. The synthesized sulfated glycoproteins were heterogeneous by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl density gradients. The 35S-labeled oligosaccharides released from the glycoproteins under alkaline condition were composed of 4-8 sugar residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Soybean adaptation to water stress at selected stages of growth.

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Braxton) plants were grown in sandy soil with only natural rainfall (N) or with supplemental irrigation (I). Water-stressed plants grew more extensive root systems, whereas irrigated plants developed larger shoots and smaller root systems. Maximum stomatal apertures were observed at the beginning of each photoperiod. Partial stomatal closure occurred each afternoon, but stomata of I plants remained open longer than those of N plants. Significant reductions in net carbon fixation rate generally accompanied decreases in stomatal aperture, which coincided with periods of high temperature, low relative humidity, maximum solar radiation, and water stress. Leaf water potential decreased from morning to afternoon, with a greater decrease observed for N plants. Midafternoon stomatal closure did not occur in N plants with very large root systems following a heavy rain which saturated the soil profile. With smaller root systems and greater evaporative demand from larger shoots, the I plants continued to show midafternoon stress following the heavy rain. The large root systems of the N plants absorbed sufficient water to meet shoot evaporative demand for several days following the rain. Root soil system resistance apparently contributed to the afternoon water stress in the I plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Cardiac beat-to-beat variation as an indicator of neuropathy and the frequency of its abnormality in diabetes mellitus.

The cardiac beat-to-beat variation and the maximum constriction velocity and acceleration of the pupillary light reflex have been considered indices of parasympathetic neuropathy. The abnormality of these indices was evaluated in 191 non-diabetics and 151 diabetics. The cardiac beat-to-beat variation decreased gradually with age in non-diabetics as well as diabetics. It was small in diabetics compared to non-diabetics in corresponding age group between 10 and 59 years. In diabetics it was still smaller in the presence of peripheral neuropathy than in its absence. The overall prevalence of this abnormality was 30.1% in diabetics but only 3.0% in non-diabetics. In diabetics it rose to 40.0, 42.6 and 52.2% in the presence of motor, sensory and motor plus sensory nerve neuropathy, respectively. In 63 diabetics examined for both cardiac beat-to-beat variation and pupillary light reflex, no statistical difference was observed between the frequency of these abnormalities. These observations indicate an extremely high prevalence of abnormality in autonomic nerve function in diabetics especially in the presence of abnormality in autonomic nerve function in diabetics especially in the presence of other types of neuropathy, so that diabetics with peripheral neuropathy should be carefully examined for autonomic neuropathy and vice versa. Besides, the measurement of the cardiac beat-to-beat variation is similar in sensitivity in the detection of neuropathy to the measurement of pupillary light reflex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[The clinical effects of a new antiviral 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (aciclovir) against herpes virus infections].

The clinical effects of a new anti-viral 9-(2-hydroxymethoxymethyl) guanine (Aciclovir) against Herpes virus infections have been investigated. The patients had malignant tumours or auto-immune disease complicated by shingles and chicken pox due to Vaicella zoster virus (VZV) (43 cases), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (10 cases) and 9 cases which were clinically diagnosed as Herpes, though the virus was not confirmed as the causative agent. As a general principle the dosage of Aciclovir was 5 mg/kg, t. i. d. for 5 days by slow intravenous infusion. The clinically effective rate against VZV was 93%, being excellent in 42% and against HSV it was 80%, being excellent in 40% and when the results of the cases of unknown origin were included it was excellent in 40% and the cumulative effective rate was 88%. Concerning the efficacy in reduction of pain, swelling, disappearance of vesicles and new scab formation, the effect was most noticeable after the third day of treatment. Treatment given early in the disease is likely to provide better results. Concerning side effects, one of 62 patients had proteinuria and the other had a drug rash and an abnormal liver function test. It is likely that the combination of treatment and the primary disease had some influence, but the cause/effect relationship to Aciclovir treatment is not clear.

Acyclovir↗