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Biomedical subjects

K Ishihara

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishihara.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical application of monoclonal antibodies to human malignant melanoma-associated antigens].

Monoclonal antibodies to human malignant melanoma-associated antigens were reviewed from the viewpoint of the target structure recognized by them. With regard to clinical application of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, serological diagnosis and tumor imaging were described, together with the possibility of therapy involving monoclonal antibody infusion.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Measurement of blood flow in maternal pelvic artery and umbilical cord artery with the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flow method].

The maternal pelvic artery was detected with the B-mode, and volume of flow through it measured with the pulsed ultrasound Doppler device in the supine and left recumbent positions. The blood flow state and vascular resistance of the maternal pelvic artery and of the umbilical cord artery were investigated in gestosis and normal pregnancy. The volume of blood flow through the right maternal pelvic artery showed a tendency to increase after the posture was changed to the left recumbent position. The peak frequency (Fp) showed a tendency to increase in gestosis, particularly in the edema group. The spectral width (SWp)/Fp value showed a tendency to be lower in the edema group than in normal subjects, and showed a higher value in hypertension accompanied by proteinuria than in normal subjects. As an indication of peripheral vascular resistance, the pulsatility index (PI) in the maternal pelvic artery was determined, and resistance index (RI) in the umbilical cord artery was also determined. The PI showed a tendency to increase more in gestosis than in normal subjects, particularly in hypertension accompanied by proteinuria. The RI was higher in maternal hypertension accompanied by proteinuria than in normal pregnancy. The hematocrit and fibrinogen vales were slightly higher, though insignificantly, in gestosis than in normal subjects.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1985

[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with spontaneous bilateral epidural hematomas].

The authors reported a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with bilateral epidural hematomas which had developed without any recent trauma. A 34-year-old male suddenly suffered from a severe headache and vomited several times. He had no neurological deficits on admission, but CT scans of the head revealed abnormal high density areas over the parieto-occipital regions beneath the calvarium bilaterally. At the operation, fresh epidural clots were removed. There were neither evidence of trauma nor abnormal structures which might have led to the development of the clots. He was discharged a month later, being free from any signs and symptoms. One year later, arthralgia progressed and cutaneous ulceration appeared on his feet. On the second admission, butterfly rash on the face, alopecia, polyarthritis and arthralgia, photosensitivity, systemic purpura and proteinuria were noted. With detailed immunological examinations and renal biopsy, he was diagnosed as SLE. SLE is often associated with neurologic and psychic disorders and there are some cases of intracranial hemorrhage among them. However, the association with epidural hematoma has not been reported to date. We think the degeneration of the dural vessels caused by underlying SLE resulted in the development of these epidural hematomas. We also reviewed the literature about spontaneous epidural hematoma and about bilateral epidural hematomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The present status of the multidisciplinary treatment of malignant melanoma].

Malignant melanoma is one of the malignant tumors that prognosis is still gravest. Over the past years, a number of approaches have been used in treating this disease. And recently it has been said that multidisciplinary treatment should be needed for patients with stage 1 b and more advanced stage. At present, most frequently used combined chemotherapeutic regimens DAV (DTIC, ACNU and Vincristine) and PAV (Peplomycin, ACNU and Vincristine). With regard to radiotherapy, fast neutron and irradiation with hyperthermia has been recognized to be useful for malignant melanoma. Recently immunotherapy has been applied to the treatment of malignant melanoma. It is expected that multidisciplinary treatment will improve the prognosis of malignant melanoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

[Intracardiac flow dynamic alterations with a prosthetic mitral valve studied by pulsed Doppler technique].

Intracardiac flow dynamic alterations in patients (pts) with prosthetic mitral valve (PMV) were studied to assess prosthetic valve functions using pulsed Doppler technique and two-dimensional echocardiography. The study population consisted of 23 pts who underwent mitral valve replacement (11 with the Starr-Edwards disc valve, nine with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve, two with the Hancock porcine valve, and one with the homograft valve), 20 pts with mitral stenosis, and 17 control subjects (15 healthy persons and two with lone atrial fibrillation). All pts had a normal functioning PMV by clinical evaluation except for one patient with a dysfunctioning homograft valve, which was angiographically documented. Flow velocity patterns were obtained at various sites in the left ventricle (LV) and the left atrium (LA). Flow dynamic alterations in pts with PMV were evaluated from the half time of transmitral flow velocity descent in diastole, as an index of the atrioventricular pressure gradient, the extent of dispersion of Doppler frequency spectrum of intraventricular flow as an index of the degree of flow disturbances and the Doppler signals with broadening spectra indicating transvalvular regurgitant flow into the LA. The results were as follows: In pts with PMV, the velocity of transmitral flow decreased slowly and linearly throughout diastole. The half time was significantly prolonged for pts with PMV as compared with that for control subjects (272 + 94 ms [mean + SD] vs 79 + 15 ms, p less than .001), though it was shorter than that in pts with mitral stenosis (457 + 145 ms, p less than .001). In pts with PMV, the half time for pts with the Björk-Shiley valve was relatively short as compared with that for pts with other valve. Marked prolongation of the half time (483 ms) was observed in a patient with a dysfunctioning homograft valve. These findings indicate that any PMV is obstructive, even with normal valve function, as compared with healthy mitral valves and that the Björk-Shiley valve is superior to the other PMVs studied in regard to the pressure gradient across PMV. Diastolic flow velocity patterns in the LV were highly dependent on the type of PMV. Apparently, the flow characteristics in the LV were disturbed in every patient with PMV regardless of the type of PMV. The high pressure gradient across the PMV suggested by the prolonged half time in pts with PMV, may be partially caused by flow disturbances produced by PMV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic mice.

Non-obese diabetic mice display a syndrome with dramatic clinical and pathological features similar to those of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in man. Circulating autoantibodies to the surface of islet cells were demonstrated in some of these mice by a protein A radioligand assay. To produce monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, therefore, we took the spleens of non-obese diabetic mice, transferred the spleen cells into non-immunized recipient mice, which were made immunologically incompetent by a large dose of X-irradiation, and then fused their lymphocytes with FO mouse myeloma cells. After screening the resultant hybrids, one stable hybridoma (3A4) that produced a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) specifically bound to the surface of islet cells was obtained. The purified monoclonal antibody was bound to the surface of transplantable Syrian golden hamster insulinoma cells sevenfold more than control antibody. Adsorption of the antibody on mouse spleen lymphocytes or thymocytes resulted in only a slight decrease in 125I-protein A binding to insulinoma cells. This antibody also reacted with the surface of mouse and rat islet cells, but not with that of rat spleen cells or hepatocytes. A spectrophotometric assay for peroxidase activity demonstrated that six times more peroxidase bound to insulinoma cells incubated with the antibody than to cells treated with control antibody. Furthermore, this antibody could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of insulinoma cells. In summary, we have developed a novel method of producing monoclonal antibodies to the surface of islet cells for probing into the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Toad egg-jelly as a source of divalent cations essential for fertilization.

Dejellied uterine eggs of the toad Bufo bufo japonicus are not fertilizable in 1/20 De Boer's solution (1/20 DB), but are fertilized when inseminated in a uv-solubilized jelly (UVJ) or the dialyzate of UVJ (UVJD). The present study was carried out to define this fertilization-supporting activity of egg-jelly. Dejellied eggs were fertilized in a high frequency when inseminated in a medium containing the ashes obtained by heating UVJD at 600 degrees C for 16 hr. Similarly, a reconstituted salt solution (RSS), which mimics the ionic composition of UVJD, supported a high rate of fertilization. To be effective in fertilization, however, RSS had to be present at the time of insemination. Analyses of individual salts revealed that dejellied eggs are successfully fertilized in CaCl2 and/or MgCl2 at 1-5 mM, only slightly in KCl at 10 mM, but not at all in NaCl at any of the concentrations tested. The activity of UVJD was lost reversibly when divalent cations were chelated by EDTA. The fertilization of dejellied eggs is therefore possible in a medium without any organic components of egg-jelly, provided that 2-5 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+ is present. Sperm were motile in media containing cations below 20-25 mM, regardless of the ionic composition. The egg-jelly possessed cations in a concentration of about 130 mM, but most ions were lost from intact jelly on immersion of eggs in water for 2-3 min, accompanied by the acquisition of fertilizability by sperm. Examination of the behavior of salts on dialysis or gel-filtration of jelly molecules revealed that the jelly retains Ca2+ and Mg2+, and possibly K+ as well, but not Na+ and Cl-. We propose that toad egg-jelly plays a function in fertilization by retaining Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ around each egg at the level necessary for successful sperm entrance into the egg.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of fasting on mucus glycoprotein in rat stomach.

Quantitative changes and chemical composition of gastric mucus glycoproteins in rats after fasting for 24 and 72 hr were studied. The amount of glycoproteins increased in the corpus mucosa during these periods (220% in control for 72 hr), but remained the same in the antrum. The acidity of corpus glycoproteins decreased during the fasting.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changes of gastric mucus glycoproteins with aspirin administration in rats.

The qualitative changes of gastric mucus glycoproteins occurring after aspirin dosing in rats were further investigated. Mucus glycoprotein contents of test animals were 55 and 53% of the control value at 3 and 7 h after dosing, respectively. The glycoproteins were further fractionated by CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. 5 fractions were separated, 1 unadsorbed (fraction 1) and 4 adsorbed (fractions 2-5). Ratios of the major fractions 1:2:4 were 36:47:17 for control, 40:35:25 3 h after aspirin dosing, and 47:33:20 7 h after aspirin administration. Fractions 1, 2, and 4 corresponded to sulfomucin and sialomucin (relatively high content of sialic acid), sialomucin, and neutral mucin, respectively. While the absolute amount of each mucus glycoprotein fraction decreased with aspirin administration, the diminution of fraction 2 was distinct.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis in human gastric mucosal biopsies.

Sulfated mucus glycoprotein biosynthesis by human gastric mucosal biopsies was studied. Human gastric healthy specimens and cancer specimens were obtained from antral and corpus normal mucosal areas by biopsy. A comparison was made of the biosynthesized sulfated mucus glycoproteins assessed by the incorporation of 35S-sulfate and 14C-glucosamine into the specimens using an organ culture technique. A significant uptake of 35S-sulfate or 14C-glucosamine into the mucus glycoproteins was demonstrated in all specimens. 14C-glucosamine incorporation into the glycoproteins was almost the same for all biopsies. The synthesis of sulfated glycoprotein in healthy antral mucosa was about four times that in corpus mucosa. Significantly raised levels in sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis were found in cancer specimens, being about 30 and 13 times higher in antrum and corpus mucosa than that of healthy specimens, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Non-invasive estimation of transmitral pressure gradient and mitral valve area in mitral stenosis by an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique].

We attempted to estimate transmitral pressure gradient and mitral valve area (MVA) noninvasively in mitral stenosis (MS) by a bi-directional pulsed Doppler flowmeter combined with an electronic two-dimensional echocardiograph. Eleven patients with MS in sinus rhythm were studied by cardiac catheterization. Fifteen healthy subjects (H) served as normal control. The pulsed Doppler flowmeter operated with a carrier frequency of 2.5 MHz, a pulse repetition rate of either 5 KHz or 10 KHz and a sample volume of 1 X 3 X 3 mm. The velocity of transmitral central flow was measured by this system, monitoring audible Doppler sounds and cardiac images which depict the anatomic location of the sampling site. The Doppler signal was analyzed by a sound spectrograph. In estimating the transmitral pressure gradient and MVA, we employed a Doppler parameter (half time) defined as the time for instantaneous maximal blood flow velocity to reduce to one-half from its rapid inflow peak, which is independent of the angle between the ultrasonic beam and blood flow. Transmitral pressure gradient (delta P100) was measured as the pressure gradient between either left atrial or pulmonary capillary pressure and left ventricular pressure at the point after 100 msec from the nadir of left ventricular early diastolic pressure [( LA or PC--LVDP]100). MVA was obtained using a Gorlin's formula. The transmitral blood flow velocity in both MS and healthy groups revealed a narrow frequency band pattern with two peaks, R and A, in diastole. The former peak occurred during rapid inflow phase and the latter following atrial contraction. In the healthy group, the descent rate of R wave was increased than that in the MS group. The square root of the pressure gradient also reduced linearly with transmitral flow velocity in the MS group. Thus in the MS group, the transmitral velocity was directly proportional to the square root of the pressure gradient as described by a Bernoulli theorem, and the half time was proportional to the transmitral velocity. The square of the half time (delta t2) was highly correlated with delta P100 (r = 0.97), and the inverse of the half time (delta t-1) was correlated with MVA (r = 0.76). There was no significant correlation between delta P100 and diastolic descent rate of anterior mitral leaflet (DDR). The present study indicates that the half time is useful in estimating transmitral pressure gradient and MVA in mitral stenosis.

Adult↗