Biomedical subjects

K Inui

Publications and source records attributed to K Inui.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Development and clinical pathology of carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct].

We reported the causes of cancer development and clinical pathology of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Gallstone, secondary bile acid, and congenital malunion between the bile duct and the pancreatic duct are considered as causes of intestinal metaplasia of the mucosa of the biliary tract. The intestinal metaplasia has closely relationship with development of dysplasia and carcinoma. We treated 101 patients with gallbladder carcinoma and 85 patients with bile duct carcinoma. Sex ratios of the patients with gallbladder carcinoma and bile duct carcinoma were 1:1.8 and 1.7:1. Fifty-one of 101 patients with gallbladder carcinoma had gallstones, and 17 of them had congenital malunion between the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. In four of 23 patients with gallbladder carcinoma and 10 of 64 patients with bile duct carcinoma, superficial cancer spread was seen and it was very important for surgical operation clinically.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A successful case of double outlet right ventricle accompanied with complete endocardial cushion defect].

Surgical correction of a case of double outlet right ventricle accompanied with complete endocardial cushion defect was completed successfully. No other complicated anomaly existed in this case. Correction was done by using two patch method. The patch for VSD was designed to be comma-like shape. For ensuring the left ventricular out tract, the patch was sutured with bulging at the circumference of the aortic orifice and the suture line of the patch with atrio-ventricular valve was deviated to the right. There was no stenosis in the left ventricular out tract and tricuspid valve.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1990

Characteristics of asparagine-linked sugar chains of sphingolipid activator protein 1 purified from normal human liver and GM1 gangliosidosis (type 1) liver.

Asparagine-linked sugar chains of sphingolipid activator protein 1 (SAP-1) purified from normal human liver and GM1 gangliosidosis (type 1) liver were comparatively investigated. Oligosaccharides released from the two SAP-1 samples by hydrazinolysis were fractionated by paper electrophoresis and by Aleuria aurantia lectin-Sepharose and Bio-Gel P-4 (under 400 mesh) column chromatography. Structures of oligosaccharides in each fraction were estimated from data on their effective molecular sizes, behavior on immobilized lectin columns with different carbohydrate-binding specificities, results of sequential digestion by exoglycosidases with different aglycon specificities, and methylation analysis. Sugar chains of SAP-1 purified from normal human liver and from GM1 gangliosidosis (type 1) liver were different from each other, although both of them were derived from complex-type sugar chains. The sugar chains of the former were the following eight degradation products from complex-type sugar chains by exoglycosidases in lysosomes: Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT, Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAcOT, Man alpha 1----6Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT, Man alpha 1----6Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAcOT, Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT, Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAcOT, GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT, and GlcNAcOT. In contrast to these, the sugar chains of the latter were sialylated and nonsialylated mono- to tetraantennary complex-type sugar chains that were not fully degraded due to a metabolic defect in acid beta-galactosidase activity.

Asparagine↗

PubMed1990

Moment analysis of drug disposition in kidney. II: Urine pH-dependent tubular secretion of tetraethylammonium in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

Effects of urine pH on the renal tubular secretion of an organic cation (tetraethylammonium, TEA) and an organic anion (p-aminohippurate, PAH) were investigated using the isolated erythrocyte-perfused rat kidney. The method was based on a multiple indicator dilution experiment and noncompartmental moment analysis. Treatment with sodium bicarbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate increased and decreased urine pH, respectively, but affected neither the condition of the perfused kidney nor the renal handling of albumin and inulin. In TEA studies, the increase of urine pH prolonged the mean residence time in renal epithelial cells (T cell) and reduced the apparent secretion intrinsic clearance, but did not influence the volume of distribution in the kidney (Vd drug). The decrease of urine pH did not affect these kinetic parameters. By contrast, PAH secretion was constant against the change of urine pH. Since any change in the basolateral membrane transport is reflected in Vd drug, the net transport from blood to cells can be regarded as similar under these treatments. On the other hand, the prolonged T cell of TEA with the increased urine pH suggested a slow transport from cells to lumen across the brush-border membranes. The present results coincide with the hypothetical mechanism that organic cations are secreted via an active transport system, coupled to the countertransport of H+ into cells. In conclusion, the present method is useful to separately evaluate the transmembrane transport across both sides of the renal epithelial cells in a morphologically intact kidney.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

A case of chronic GM1 gangliosidosis presenting as dystonia: clinical and biochemical studies.

Clinical and biochemical studies are reported on a 32-year-old man with GM1 gangliosidosis who presented with a slowly progressive dystonia that began when he was aged 7 years and eventually became almost totally incapacitating at the age of 35. There was only mild intellectual deterioration, but myoclonus, seizures and macular cherry-red spots were never observed. Proton-density and T2-weighted MRI scans showed symmetrical hyperintense lesions of both putamina. No increase of GM1 ganglioside was found in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid, and the metabolism of GM1 ganglioside in cultured skin fibroblasts from the patient was also almost normal, although the residual activity of GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase activity was only 10% of normal. These findings suggest that impaired GM1 ganglioside metabolism is not present systemically as it is in the infantile and juvenile types of the disorder, but is mainly confined to the central nervous system in chronic GM1 gangliosidosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Study of pathogenesis in twitcher mouse, an enzymatically authentic model of Krabbe's disease.

The twitcher mouse was investigated by examining in vivo synthesis of galactosylceramide (Galcer) and galactosylsphingosine (Galsph) in a sciatic nerve culture, and in vitro enzymic activities for synthesis of Galcer and Galsph in the spinal cord from normal and affected mice. For the in vivo study, the sciatic nerve was incubated for 24 h in medium containing [3H]galactose, or [3H]-sphingosine-labeled Galcer or Galsph. With [3H]galactose, reduced synthesis of Galcer was found as early as 1 week of age and synthesis decreased to about 15% of normal value at 4 weeks. Increased Galsph was detected after 7 days of feeding with galactose. In a study of [3H]sphingosine-labeled Galcer and Galsph feeding, Galcer did not induce Galsph synthesis in either normal or affected mice, and synthesis of Galcer from Galsph was found only in normal mice, suggesting that Galcer was synthesized from sphingosine after hydrolysis of Galsph. In vitro, the activities of UDP-galactose: ceramide galactosyltransferase and UDP-galactose: sphingosine galactosyltransferase were reduced to less than 50% of control after 2 weeks of age in affected mice. We conclude that (1) decreased Galcer was due to impaired synthesis of Galcer, (2) Galsph was synthesized from galactose and not from deacylation of Galcer, and (3) Galsph accumulation was due not to increased synthesis but to decreased hydrolysis.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Edematous changes in the central nervous system of zitter rats with genetic spongiform encephalopathy.

The pathogenesis of progressive spongy degeneration in zitter rats with genetic spongiform encephalopathy was examined histopathologically and biochemically in the context of edematous change in the central nervous system (CNS). Histopathological studies revealed that vacuolation in the CNS of zitter rats progressed with aging and the severity of spongy degeneration was markedly divergent in different areas in the CNS. Edematous change was confirmed by a consistently higher water content in the brain of zitter rats than in that of normal SD/J rats at all ages. Furthermore, a close relationship between spongy degeneration and edematous change in the CNS was demonstrated by regional measurement of specific gravity (SPGR) of brain tissues and quantification of the spongy degeneration by computer-image analysis. The brain regions with lighter SPGR were more severely affected by spongy degeneration. These results suggest that edematous change is related to the pathogenesis of spongy degeneration in the CNS of the zitter rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) accumulation in tissues from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy.

We describe here a sensitive assay method for lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) in human tissues using HPLC. The method involves extraction of lipids, saponification, isolation using a C18 Sep-Pak column, derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde, and detection of the fluorescent lysosulfatide using HPLC. In control subjects, a small amount of lysosulfatide was detected in the cerebral white matter (9-35 pmol/mg of protein), spinal cord (35 pmol/mg of protein), sciatic nerve (14 pmol/mg of protein), and kidney (approximately 2 pmol/mg of protein) but not in the cerebral gray matter and liver. A marked accumulation of the lipid was noted in tissues from six patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). The concentration of lysosulfatide was high in the cerebral white matter, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve (223-1,172 pmol/mg of protein). Even in the cerebral gray matter, kidney, and liver, where lysosulfatide was hardly detected in the control sample, a considerable amount (3-45 pmol/mg of protein) accumulated in MLD patients. The concentration and distribution pattern of lysosulfatide were similar to those of galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) accumulated in patients with Krabbe disease. Therefore, the accumulation of lysosulfatide may explain the demyelination in patients with MLD, as is the case with Krabbe disease.

Cerebroside-Sulfatase↗

PubMed1990

The changes of antioxidative enzyme activities in equine erythrocytes following exercise.

The change in activities of 3 major antioxidative enzymes in equine erythrocytes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), and catalase, was investigated in order to evaluate the effect of exercise. Blood samples were obtained from 11 thoroughbred horses before and immediately after vigorous exercise which induced the increase of plasma lipid peroxide (Lpx) concentration from 1.16 +/- 0.40 nmol/ml to 1.29 +/- 0.34 nmol/ml. Following the exercise, the GSHpx activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced from 69 +/- 10 IU/gHb to 65 +/- 8 IU/gHb, whereas SOD and catalase activities were not changed. Effects of an antioxidative compound, containing selenium and vitamin E(Se-E), on the response of antioxidative enzyme activities following the exercise were examined. Seven horses were injected intramuscularly with Se-E(Se:25 mg, vitamin E:54.8 mg) and received the same vigorous exercise. After Se-E treatment, plasma Lpx levels before the exercise were decreased from 1.24 +/- 0.09 nmol/ml to 0.86 +/- 0.03 nmol/ml, however, SOD, GSHpx, and catalase activities were not varied. The Se-E treatment slightly prevented the decrease in GSHpx activity and the increase in plasma Lpx level after the exercise, having no effect on SOD and catalase activities. These results suggested that the changes of GSHpx activity in erythrocytes might reflect the protective condition against exercise-induced lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Evaluation of a bronchial anastomosis by laser Doppler velocimetry.

Healing after bronchoplasty was evaluated by assessing the bronchial mucosal blood flow by laser Doppler velocimetry in dogs. Bronchoplastic surgery at the right main bronchus was performed and bronchial mucosal blood flow was determined by laser Doppler velocimetry at proximal and distal sides of the anastomosis before and after operation. Four experimental groups were established. After operation the blood flow was adequately preserved, and healing of the anastomosis site was satisfactory in the minimum detachment group and steroid-treated group. Mucosal blood flow was markedly reduced in both proximal and distal sides in the extensive detachment group. The extent of the reduction in the blood flow was smaller in the omentum dressing group than in the extensive detachment group. The state of healing of the anastomosis site was closely related to the bronchial mucosal blood flow.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1990

[Secondary tricuspid insufficiency and right atrial myosin ATPase activity].

Myosin of heart muscle shows ATPase activity. In the atrial myocardium, normal isozymic pattern was alpha dominant which converted to being beta dominant in an overloaded hypertrophy. In order to clarify the distribution of myosin isozymes in human heart, ATPase activity of the atrial myosin recovered from the patient underwent open heart surgery was determined. In the present study, ATPase activity of right atrial myosin from the heart with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (group A (n = 6); 398.1 +/- 67.0 nmol pi/mg/min) was significantly less than that from the heart without TR (group B (N = 7); 533.9 +/- 62.4, p less than 0.05). The myosin ATPase activity showed correlation with systemic RA pressure (y = 0.019x + 19.6, r = -0.68429), systemic RV pressure (y = 0.039x + 58.67, r = 0.73484), SVI (y = 0.05x + 18.1, r = 0.87587) and RV maxDp/Dt (y = 0.42x + 589.9, r = -0.67493) (p less than 0.05). These data suggests that preoperative cardiac function involves in cardiomuscular structure with redistribution of contractile protein.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Interaction of ofloxacin with organic cation transport system in rat renal brush-border membranes.

Ofloxacin, a pyridonecarboxylic acid derivative, was examined for its effects on the transport of tetraethylammonium (cation), cephalexin and cephradine (zwitterions), p-aminohippurate (anion) and D-glucose in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rat renal cortex. The initial uptake of tetraethylammonium in the presence or absence of an outward H+ gradient was inhibited by ofloxacin in a dose-dependent manner, although the equilibrium value of tetraethylammonium uptake was not affected. This inhibition occurred in a competitive manner (Ki = 0.11 mM). Ofloxacin also inhibited the initial uptake of cephalexin and cephradine, which can be transported via the H+/organic cation antiport system in renal brush-border membranes. In contrast, ofloxacin had no effect on p-aminohippurate. These data suggest that ofloxacin interacts with the organic cation transport system in renal brush-border membranes, and this system may play an important role in the tubular secretion of ofloxacin.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[A study on the new measurement of gastric lesions with an electronic endoscope].

We carried out measurement of gastric lesions in the inner surface of the stomach with a measuring system, which is composed of a stereo endoscope and a personal computer. Basically, the length on a flat board from 10 mm to 50 mm was measured by varying the distance between the lens and the board and the angles of the endoscope at first. The error of the measurement was less than 8.5%. Secondly, ten physicians of our clinic attempted the measurement of the pasted discs on the inner wall of a stomach model with the endoscope. The average measurement error and the average time required for endoscopy became more better using the newly developed system than a measuring rod. Clinically, we measured the length of stomach lesion and of normal mucosa in six patients and compared the values obtained with those of resected fresh specimens. The length of stomach lesions could be measured more accurately than that of normal mucosa of stomach. From our observations, it can be said that this system is as available as the basic examination procedures in use at present and worth using in clinical procedure for it's high reliability.

Electrodiagnosis↗

PubMed1990

[A study of five cases of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture].

During the last 5 years, 5 cases of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture were surgically treated. These cases were reported and the literature concerning traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in the last one decade in Japan, including 80 cases was studied. The purpose of this study is to discuss the most important early diagnostic tools and to consider the choice of incision and approach. The following two results were gotten. (1) Plain chest X-ray, computed tomography and ultrasonography were the most valuable diagnostic tools. (2) The choice of incision and approach depends on the stage at which the rupture is recognized (early or late), the site of rupture and associate injuries.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[A clinical study of cerebral perfusion during pulsatile and nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass].

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pulsatile flow on cerebral perfusion under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Twenty-three patients who underwent cardiac operations were divided into two comparable groups: Group A (N = 11) had standard nonpulsatile flow, while in Group B (N = 12), a pulsatile pump was used. The blood flow of left common carotid artery and radial arterial pressure were continuously monitored during cardiac operation in both groups and cerebral vascular resistance was calculated. In Group B, the perfusion pressure of left common carotid artery was monitored and compared with that of radial artery. Arterial and internal jugular venous blood were sampled and the difference of cerebral A.V O2 contents and cerebral oxygen consumption was calculated. Cerebral vascular resistance in Group B (54.0 +/- 11.2% of the value of before-CPB) significantly decreased compared to that in Group A (72.2 +/- 11%) at the end of CPB (p less than 0.05). Pulse pressure following pulsatile CPB flow was 15.1 +/- 5.8 mmHg monitored in radial artery and it reduced to 8.5 +/- 5 mmHg in left common carotid artery. Although there was no significant difference in cerebral oxygen consumption of both groups during and just after CPB, the difference of cerebral A-V O2 contents of Group B was greater than Group A just after CPB. These data suggest that pulsatile flow may minimize the cerebral microcirculatory shunt during CPB, resulting from the reduction of cerebral vascular resistance.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Transport mechanisms of bestatin in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes: role of H+/dipeptide cotransport system.

Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-leucine], a potent inhibitor of aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase, enhances the immune response to activate the defense mechanism of the living organism and suppresses the growth and metastasis of cancer. Bestatin has been effectively used by p.o. administration, but the mechanisms of intestinal absorption remain to be solved. The present study was undertaken to examine whether bestatin, a dipeptide containing an unusual amino acid, is transported via dipeptide carriers in intestinal brush-border membranes, by using cephradine as a probe for the H+/dipeptide cotransport system. The initial uptake of cephradine in the presence or absence of an inward H+ gradient, driving force, was inhibited by bestatin and this inhibition occurred in a competitive manner (Ki = 0.47 mM). The uptake of cephradine was stimulated by the countertransport effect of bestatin, the definitive criterion for ascertaining a common transport system. These findings indicate that bestatin, as well as cephradine and other p.o. cephalosporins, can be transported via dipeptide carriers in intestinal brush-border membranes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1989

Sphingolipid hydrolase activator proteins and their precursors.

Activator proteins for sphingolipid hydrolases (saposins) are small acidic, heat-stable glycoproteins that stimulate the hydrolysis of sphingolipids by lysosomal enzymes. The molecular mass of each stimulator is about 10 kDa, but glycosylated forms of higher mass exist too. The distribution and developmental changes in two saposins and their precursor proteins were studied with the aid of monospecific antibodies against saposin-B and saposin-C. They show a wide distribution in rat organs and forms intermediate between saposin and prosaposin (the precursor protein containing four different saposin units) could be seen. The amount of saposin and the degree of processing from prosaposin are quite different in different tissues. The saposins are the dominant forms in spleen, lung, liver, and kidney, while skeletal muscle, heart, and brain contain mainly precursor forms. In human blood, leukocytes contain mainly saposin, while plasma contains mainly precursor forms and platelets show many forms. Their subcellular distribution was studied using rat liver. The saposins of approximately 20 kDa are dominant in the light mitochondrial, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions, following the distribution of the activity of a lysosomal marker enzyme. The nuclear fraction exhibits bands corresponding to non-glycosylated saposin. The soluble fraction contained much precursor forms. A developmental study of rat brain showed that the concentration of saposin precursors increased with age.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect of diethyl pyrocarbonate on the H+/organic cation antiport system in rat renal brush-border membranes.

We examined the effect of diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), a histidine-specific reagent, on the H+/organic cation antiport system in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from the rat renal cortex. Pretreatment of membrane vesicles with DEPC resulted in the inhibition of tetraethylammonium transport. This inhibition was reversed by subsequent treatment with hydroxylamine, but not with dithiotreitol. In contrast, the uptake of p-aminohippurate, a typical organic anion, was not inhibited by DEPC pretreatment. In the absence of an H+ gradient, pretreatment with DEPC inhibited the uptake of tetraethylammonium at pH 6.0-7.0, but not at pH 7.5. The Vmax value of tetraethylammonium uptake at pH 7.0 was decreased without any change in the Km value, but the kinetic parameters at pH 7.5 were unchanged. Unlabeled tetraethylamonium did not protect against the inhibition by DEPC. These results suggest that histidine residues in the organic cation carrier are essential for transport at acidic and neutral pH values, but not at alkaline pH values, and that histidine residues play an important role as regulatory sites in the H+/organic cation antiport system rather than as binding sites for organic cations.

Animals↗