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Biomedical subjects

K Inui

Publications and source records attributed to K Inui.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Comparative study of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between spark gap system and piezoelectric system].

We have analyzed the results of the treatment given on 170 cases of cholecystolithiasis, using two different systems of ESWL: Spark Gap System (hereinafter SGS) and Piezoelectric System (hereinafter PES). 1) In the total cases, there were no significant differences in the fragmentation rate between the two systems. PES was, however, superior to SGS in terms of the complete stone free rate. On the other hand, SGS was superior to PES in terms of the average fragmentation rate. 2) We have classified cholecystolithiasis into 4 groups, combining CT and US. PES showed superiority in the ESWL Group 1 (seeming Pure Cholesterol Stone) and Group 2 (seemingly Mixed Stone) in terms of stone free rate. SGS showed superiority in ESWL Group 3 (seemingly Combination Stone) and Group 4 (seemingly Pigment Stone) in terms of fragmentation effect. 3) We have gained good results from both of the system according to Munich Criteria Modified. 4) Concerning the failures of fragmentation and insufficient stone free, further study shall be required to determine whether fragmentation should be repeated, the case should be handled as "beyond adaptability", or the two-system-combined therapy should be applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transepithelial transport of oral cephalosporins by monolayers of intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2: specific transport systems in apical and basolateral membranes.

The accumulation and the transepithelial transport of p.o. cephalosporins by monolayers of human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 grown on microporous membrane filters were evaluated. Cephradine was accumulated concentratively in the monolayers from the apical side, and was transported to the basolateral side. The accumulation and the apical-to-basolateral transport of cephradine were temperature-dependent and sensitive to the pH of the apical side, with the optimal pH 6.0 to 6.5. The efflux of cephradine from the monolayers to the basolateral side was also temperature-dependent and was more rapid than its efflux to the apical side. The accumulation and the apical-to-basolateral transport of cephradine, cephalexin and cefixime, all p.o. agents, were significantly higher than those of cefotiam, a parenteral agent. The apparent Km and Vmax values for cephradine accumulation were 8.3 mM and 2.49 nmol/mg of protein per min, respectively. Dipeptides inhibited the accumulation and the apical-to-basolateral transport of cephradine. Both the accumulation and the efflux of cephradine in the monolayers were inhibited significantly by the sulfhydryl reagent p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate. These findings suggest that p.o. cephalosporins accumulate in the Caco-2 cell monolayers via the H+/dipeptide cotransport system localized in the apical membranes and that a specific transport system is involved in the efflux of these antibiotics across the basolateral membranes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

H+ coupled active transport of bestatin via the dipeptide transport system in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes.

Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-leucine], a dipeptide containing an unusual amino acid, has been used clinically as an anticancer agent in p.o. dosage form. We examined the transport characteristics of [3H]bestatin by rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Bestatin uptake was stimulated by an inward H+ gradient (overshoot phenomenon) and by an interior-negative membrane potential. About half of the apparent bestatin uptake at 1 mM by brush-border membrane vesicles was estimated as binding to the membranes. The affinity constant for the bestatin transport was 0.52 mM. The uptake of bestatin by brush-border membrane vesicles was inhibited by p.o. cephalosporins and dipeptides, but not by amino acids. In vesicles preloaded with either bestatin, cephradine or glycylsarcosine, the uptake of [3H]bestatin was stimulated markedly (countertransport effect). These results indicate that bestatin is transported via the H+/dipeptide transport system in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional ultrastructure of anionic sites of the glomerular basement membrane by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method using a cationic tracer.

The ultrastructure of anionic sites in the lamina rara externa (LRE) of rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was studied in three dimensions by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a cationic tracer. Results were compared with those obtained with conventional ultrathin sections examined by transmission electron microscopy. Examination with the quick-freezing and deep-etching method was done without (group 1) or with (group 2) contrasting/fixation with a phosphotungstic acid and glutaraldehyde mixture and post-fixation with osmium tetroxide, which were necessary for visualization of PEI particles by conventional ultrathin sections. Using the quick-freezing and deep-etching method without following contrasting/fixation and post-fixation (group 1), many PEI particles were observed to decorate around fibrils, which radiated perpendicularly from the lamina densa to connect with the podocyte cell membrane. The arrangement of PEI particles was not as regular as that previously reported using conventional ultrathin sections. In contrast, the tissue that was studied with quick-freezing and deep-etching followed by contrasting/fixation and post-fixation (group 2) showed a shrunken appearance. The arrangement of PEI particles was regular (about 20 particles/1000 nm of LRE) as that previously observed using conventional ultrathin sections. However, the number of PEI particles on the LRE was markedly decreased and interruption of decorated fibrils was prominent, as compared with group 1. Ultrastructural examination using conventional ultrathin sections with contrasting/fixation and post-fixation (group 3) demonstrated PEI particles on the LRE in reasonable amounts (18-21 particles/1000 nm of LRE) with fairly regular interspacing (45-65 nm) as reported previously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Uptake and metabolism of radiolabelled GM1-ganglioside in skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with GM1-gangliosidosis.

The uptake and metabolism of [3-3H-sphingosine]GM1-ganglioside was measured in cultured skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with infantile, juvenile and adult GM1-gangliosidosis. When dissolved in medium with phosphatidylserine, GM1-ganglioside was efficiently taken up by cultured skin fibroblasts and transferred into lysosomes. A linear increase in GM1-ganglioside endocytosis was shown with phosphatidylserine concentrations of up to 40 micrograms/ml. A pulse-chase study revealed that [3H]GM1-ganglioside was metabolized to GM2-ganglioside, GM3-ganglioside, ceramide dihexoside, ceramide monohexoside, ceramide and sphingosine. Sphingosine was recycled to sphingomyelin. In a 20-h pulse study, cell lines from patients with GM1-gangliosidosis of infantile, juvenile and adult types hydrolysed 2-5%, 20-44% and 54-58% of the total endocytosed GM1-ganglioside respectively. These values were lower than in control cells (64.17 +/- 5.43% (n = 10]. The hydrolysis rates of exogenous [3H]GM1-ganglioside in cultured fibroblasts from patients with various types of GM1-gangliosidosis closely reflected the clinical severity.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1991

Monitoring the pressure of the sphincter of Oddi by percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy: new method for evaluating motor function.

The pressure of the sphincter of Oddi was measured in 40 patients using a thin microtransducer introduced via percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy. Choledochograms of the Vaterian bile duct were classified into four types: N (normal), I, II and III. Judging from the length of the Vaterian bile duct and the degree of fibrosis observed in the biopsy specimens, duodenal papillitis was found to be more severe in Type III than in Type II. Nevertheless the systolic pressure was significantly lower in Type III. We considered that when duodenal papillitis is considerably advanced, the force of contraction of the sphincter is reduced. In addition, based on choledochoscopic observations, as duodenal papillitis increased in severity, the incidence of an irregular shape at the end of the common bile duct during diastole increased. The indications for endoscopic sphincterotomy were determined based on the pressure of the sphincter of Oddi in patients with normal duodenal papilla. In the 26 patients in whom the procedure was not indicated, no gallstones developed. In the 3 patients in whom the procedure was indicated and performed, gallstones have not developed. However, 3 of the 6 patients in whom the procedure was indicated but not performed developed gallstones. This method is useful in evaluating the motor function of the sphincter of Oddi under relatively physiological conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Bronchial circulation after experimental lung transplantation: the effect of direct revascularization of a bronchial artery.

Direct revascularization of a bronchial artery has been proposed as a measure to alleviate the problem of bronchial ischemia after lung transplantation. To assess the effect of restoration of arterial blood flow to the transplanted bronchus, bronchial mucosal blood flow was measured in a model of modified unilateral lung transplantation in pigs. Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and radioisotope studies using radio-labeled erythrocytes (RI) were used to measure blood flow at the donor main carina (DC) and upper lobe carina (DUC) after 3 h of reperfusion. The recipient carina was used as a reference point; values obtained by LDV and RI were expressed as percentage of blood flow at the recipient carina. Two groups of animals were studied. In group 1 (n = 6) standard unilateral transplantation was performed; in group 2 (n = 6) a left bronchial artery was reimplanted into the descending thoracic aorta of the recipient. No differences were observed between the two groups with respect to preoperative or postoperative gas exchange or hemodynamics. In group 1, bronchial blood flow at the DC was 37.6 +/- 2.2% (LDV) and 44.1 +/- 14.8% (RI) of reference blood flow. At the DUC, blood flow was 54.9 +/- 7.7% (LDV) and 61.6 +/- 25.7% (RI) of normal flow. In group 2, blood flow was increased at the DC as measured by LDV (55.3 +/- 17.1%; p less than 0.05) and by RI (60.8 +/- 25.3%; p less than 0.2). A similar increase was found at the DUC (LDV: 81.8 +/- 19.3%; p less than 0.05; RI: 88.6 +/- 31.0%; p less than 0.2). It is concluded that there is a significant gradient of blood flow from intra- to extrapulmonary airways after lung transplantation. Reimplantation of a bronchial artery results in significant improvement of graft bronchial blood flow. Restoration of bronchial perfusion to normal levels, however, cannot be achieved, suggesting a possible defect in the microcirculation of the donor airways.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Value of endoscopic ultrasonography in the detection of anomalous connections of the pancreatobiliary duct.

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was evaluated in the detection of anomalous connection of the pancreatobiliary duct (ACPBD), which is known to cause cholangitis and has been found to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Fourteen patients with ACPBD were examined preoperatively by EUS in addition to ERCP and/or PTC. In all cases, the anomalous connections between the biliary and pancreatic duct were demonstrated to be located outside the proper muscle of the duodenal wall and within the pancreatic parenchyma. EUS classification of ACPBD corresponded well with the findings obtained by retrograde ductal opacification on ERCP and PTC. Biliary malignancy complicating ACPBD was detected correctly by EUS in two patients. In contrast, no connections between biliary and pancreatic ducts were found by EUS in 13 normal controls. It is concluded that EUS is highly sensitive in detecting ductal anomaly in ACPBD. Further studies will show if EUS can replace ERCP in the diagnosis of ACPBD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A new method for carinal reconstruction: an experimental study.

We developed a new procedure for carinal reconstruction which can be used for lesions of the carina invading the left main bronchus. Twelve mongrel dogs were used. A Y-shaped bronchial graft was autotransplanted from the bifurcation of the right upper bronchus to form a new carina with or without an omentopexy. Six animals survived 10 days to 11 months. In these animals healing of the bronchial anastomotic sites was excellent, and the integrity of the grafts was well preserved. Although the results of this preliminary report were not satisfactory in all cases, intensive perioperative care will improve the outcome of this new procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Trans-stimulation effect on H(+)-organic cation antiport system in rat renal brush-border membranes.

Trans-stimulation effect on tetraethylammonium (an organic cation) transport was examined in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles. The uptake of [14C]tetraethylammonium at pH 6.0-8.5 was stimulated by preloading the membrane vesicles with unlabeled tetraethylammonium. When the uptake was measured in preloaded membrane vesicles in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, stimulation was observed at high pH but not at low pH. These results suggest that the mechanisms of the trans-stimulation effect on organic cation transport are different depending on the pH. When pH is low, the trans-stimulation is due to generation of an outward H+ gradient, which in turn stimulates [14C]tetraethylammonium uptake by H(+)-[14C]tetraethylammonium exchange. In contrast, when pH is high, the stimulation is due to direct exchange of tetraethylammonium for [14C]tetraethylammonium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Peripheral neuropathy in two children with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy].

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MEM) has been reported in adult patients, while children with both conditions are rare. Electrophysiological and pathological studies disclosed evidence of PN in a 3-year-old girl and an 8-year-old boy with MEM. In both patients, peripheral nerve conduction velocities were reduced, while amplitudes of evoked potentials were normal. No ragged red fibers were found in the biopsy muscle, while most of the muscle fibers showed poor activity with histochemical staining for cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Biochemical studies revealed deficiency of CCO in both cases. In the latter patient, CCO activity was also absent in the intramuscular peripheral nerve using CCO staining, and histopathological studies of the sural nerve revealed a marked decrease in the number of large myelinated fibers and an unusual accumulation of the mitochondria in the Schwann cell cytoplasm. These results may support the hypothesis that a common pathogenesis exists in both peripheral nerve and muscle due to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Preventive effect of post-ischemic reperfusion injury by terminal Nicorandil-Mg cardioplegia].

In this study, we evaluated the postischemic myocardial tissue blood flow, specific enzymes, and functional recovery infused with a Nicorandil vasodilator-magnesium solution (Nico.: 8 mg/L, Mg: 20 mEq/L) given just prior to reperfusion (Terminal Cardioplegia, TCP). 27 patients undergoing valve replacement were divided into two groups; the hearts of group non-TCP (nTCP) (n = 15) were reperfused after ischemia without TCP, and in the other hearts of group TCP (n = 12), TCP was given for 2 min prior to reperfusion. During the reperfusion period, myocardial tissue blood flow (TBF) on the anterior wall of left ventricle were monitored by a laser blood flow-meter. Thereafter, serum CK-MB levels, MM3/MM1 values by CK-MM subbands (MM1, MM2, MM3) levels and LVSWI were measured until 24 hours after surgery. At 5 and 10 min of reperfusion, Group TCP had a significantly greater TBF than Group nTCP (5 min; G-TCP: 69.9 +/- 19.0 ml/100 g.min, G-nTCP: 47.5 +/- 20.9, p less than 0.05, 10 min; G-TCP: 74.9 +/- 22.8, G-nTCP: 56.1 +/- 23.4, p less than 0.05). At 3 hrs after surgery, an increase of MM3/MM1 values was significantly suppressed in Group TCP compared to Group nTCP (G-TCP: 2.6 +/- 0.6, G-nTCP: 3.4 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.05). Also, Group TCP had better recovery of LVSWI. These results indicate that the TCP might reduce the postischemic reperfusion injury by the improvement of myocardial TBF and metabolism.

Heart Arrest, Induced↗
PubMed1991

GM1-gangliosidosis (genetic beta-galactosidase deficiency): identification of four mutations in different clinical phenotypes among Japanese patients.

GM1-gangliosidosis is a genetic neurological disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase gene. While its phenotypic expression is complex, it is usually classified as being of infantile, juvenile, or adult form, on the basis of age at onset, the rate of symptomatic progression, and severity of central nervous system involvement. We have analyzed the acid beta-galactosidase gene in 12 Japanese patients from nine families. The aim was to identify mutations in individual patients and then to examine possible correlation between the mutations and the clinical phenotypes. Northern blotting studies with a full-length human beta-galactosidase cDNA showed that the mRNA ranged from undetectable to substantially decreased in the infantile patients but was normal in quantity and size in all juvenile and adult patients. Four distinct missense mutations have been identified, each limited to the respective clinical forms within our small-size samples. In the infantile patient with decreased but detectable mRNA, a point mutation was found resulting in Arg49----Cys. In the infantile patient with nearly undetectable mRNA, mutation Arg457----Ter was identified. The mutation Arg201----Cys was found in all four of the juvenile patients, while all six adult patients were homozygous for the point mutation Ile51----Thr. The mutations found in the juvenile and adult patients alter restriction sites in the normal gene and thus are amendable to quick screening. The prediction that these mutations are responsible for the clinical disease was confirmed by no expression of the catalytic activity of the mutant proteins in the COS-I cell expression system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Blood and brain tissue gaseous strategy for profoundly hypothermic total circulatory arrest.

Brain tissue carbon dioxide tension, pH, and oxygen tension were measured in dogs undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest below 20 degrees C with three types of blood gas manipulation. During core cooling, dogs were given pure oxygen (group I, n = 8), 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen (group II, n = 10), or 7% carbon dioxide in oxygen (group III, n = 4). During core cooling, brain tissue carbon dioxide tension decreased significantly in group I. During circulatory arrest, carbon dioxide tension rose by 21.5 mm Hg in group I, 35.3 mm Hg in group II, and 57.0 mm Hg in group III, nearly doubling in each group. From the last 5 minutes of core cooling to the end of rewarming, carbon dioxide tension was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I. Brain tissue pH fell by 0.33 to 0.35 during 60 minutes of circulatory arrest and did not recover in groups II and III. Brain tissue oxygen tension decreased significantly during the latter two thirds of the circulatory arrest period in all three groups. To reduce progressive tissue hypercapnia and acidosis during and after circulatory arrest, a more hyperventilatory manipulation of blood gases than that achieved by alpha-stat strategy was thought beneficial for core-cooling perfusion.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1991

Transport of cyclosporin A in kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1).

The characteristics of cyclosporin A transport have been studied in cultured kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. The uptake of cyclosporin A by LLC-PK1 cells was time-dependent and reached a steady state at about 30 min. The initial uptake was saturable and was inhibited by cyclosporin A analogs, cyclosporin C and D and by verapamil, but not by metabolic inhibitors such as 2,4-dinitrophenol and rotenone. Cyclosporin A uptake as well as efflux was strongly dependent on temperature. The Arrhenius plot for cyclosporin A uptake was biphasic, whereas the Arrhenius plot for sulfanilamide uptake, which is transported by a simple diffusion, was linear. These results indicate that a specific mechanism is concerned in the transport of cyclosporin A in LLC-PK1, cells.

Animals↗