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Biomedical subjects

K Inagaki

Publications and source records attributed to K Inagaki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunopharmacological activities of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid-(alpha 2----6)-linked 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives carrying N- and 3-O-acyl substituents.

The immunopharmacological activities of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO)-(alpha 2----6)-linked lipid A-subunit analogs, 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives carrying N- and 3-O-acyl substituents, were compared with those of the corresponding analogs without KDO, GLA-27, GLA-47, and GLA-60. Among the analogs tested, GLA-60, a 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine carrying N-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl and 3-O-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups, exhibited the most intensive activities in terms of mitogenicity, adjuvanticity, and mediator (tumor necrosis factor and colony-stimulating factor) induction. Binding (alpha 2----6) of KDO to GLA-60 failed to enhance the activities. Similarly, the activities of GLA-27 and GLA-47 were also decreased by introduction of KDO to the O-6 of the analogs. This indicates that the strengths of the activities of the subunit analogs depend on the kinds of N- and 3-O-linked acyl substituents and not on the presence of the KDO linked to the O-6.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Extracorporeal immunoadsorption with IM-PH or IM-TR column.

In order to selectively remove pathogenic macromolecular reactants, a biological affinity type adsorbent (a DNA colloidin charcoal column or protein A sepharose CL4B = Prosorba) has been developed and used for the treatment of immune disorders, alloimmunization and cancer. However, because physiologically active materials are required in this procedure, it is difficult to ensure an adequate supply of raw materials (and their handling, sterilization and preservation as an immunoadsorbent. To overcome the above-mentioned problems, we developed physicochemical type immunoadsorbents IM-TR and IM-PH, which consist of polyvinyl alcohol gel where tryptophan, in the former, and phenylalanine, in the latter, is used as a ligand. IM-PH has a better selectivity than IM-TR, however, IM-TR is a more efficient adsorbent of anti-acethylcholine receptor antibody than IM-PH. IM-PH plasma perfusion has been successfully used with patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Closure method of bronchopleural fistula with omental pedicle flap in three cases following pneumonectomy].

This report presents that successful closure of bronchopleural fistula was performed by using omental pedicle flap for three postpneumonectomy patients. In our department, these cases were experienced among 142 pneumonectomies from January 1984 to July 1989. The initial operations were a pleuropneumonectomy for empyema, a pneumonectomy and a sleeve pneumonectomy for lung cancer. Our technique was direct closure of bronchopleural fistula with omental pedicle flap without thoracoplasty. Although none of them had recurrence of bronchopleural fistula nor other complications in postoperative course, two patients died of cancer.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1989

[Two resected cases of human pulmonary dirofilariasis].

Two patients with human pulmonary dirofilariasis are presented. A 58-year-old woman in Tokyo (Case 1) was pointed out to have a nodular shadow in the right lower field on a routine chest X-ray in 1983. At thoracotomy a 2 cm nodule in the right lower lobe was removed by wedge resection. The nodule was a granuloma containing an immature Dirofilaria species. A 49-year-old man living in Chiba Prefecture (Case 2) was found to have a nodular shadow in the right lower lobe on a chest X-ray in 1987. He was asymptomatic, but laboratory values showed a WBC count of 5,800 with 17% eosinophils. Wedge resection of the lesion was carried out and it was found to be a 2 cm granuloma containing an immature Dirofilaria immitis. The dog heartworm, D. immitis, can occasionally cause pulmonary granulomas in man. More than 50 cases have been reported in Japan, but most of them were diagnosed by postoperative histopathologic examination. Although immunoserological examination or medical treatment were attempted in some cases, they are not established at present. The important thing is that pulmonary dirofilariasis should be included in the differential diagnoses of nodular lesion of the lung.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

Thermostable alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: DNA and protein sequence determination and secondary structure prediction.

The nucleotide sequence of the alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) gene from a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus, was determined by the dideoxy chain termination method with universal and synthetic site-specific primers. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme predicted from the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by peptide sequence information derived from the N-terminal amino acid residues and several tryptic fragments. The alanine racemase gene consists of 1158 base pairs encoding a protein of 386 amino acid residues; the molecular weight of the apoenzyme is estimated as 43,341. The racemase gene of B. stearothermophilus has a closely similar size (1158 vs 1167 base pairs) to that of the gene of a mesophile, B. subtilis, but shows a higher preference for codons ending in G or C. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium dadB and alr enzymes revealed overall sequence homologies of 31-54%, including an identical octapeptide bearing the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding site. Although the residues common in the four racemases are not continuously arrayed, these constitute distinct domains and their hydropathy profiles are very similar. The secondary structure of B. stearothermophilus alanine racemase was predicted from the results obtained by theoretical analysis and circular dichroism measurement.

Alanine Racemase↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis of 11C-methylated inulin as a radiopharmaceutical for imaging brain edema and pulmonary edema.

11C-methylated inulin, supposedly useful for imaging of brain edema and pulmonary edema, was prepared using cyclotron produced 11CO2. The synthesis consists of the production of 11C-methyl iodide and its coupling with inulin alkoxide sodium in dimethylsulfoxide as solvent. 11C labeled inulin was purified by alcohol precipitation. The radiochemical yield of pure 11C-inulin was 34% of 11CO2 30 min after the end of bombardment. The blood clearance and body distribution of 11C was observed in rabbits after i.v. injection of 11C-inulin. The blood clearance curve was composed of a sum of three exponential functions. The gamma camera image showed that the 11C activity in blood moved quickly to kidneys and urine and a small dose of radioactivity remained persistently in edematous tissues, i.e. the edematous lung tissues produced by oleic acid treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Monocyte-mediated suppression of rheumatoid factor production in normal subjects.

The regulatory role of normal monocytes in the production of rheumatoid factor (RF) was investigated. Monocyte depletion from normal mononuclear cells (MNC) resulted in an elaboration of IgM RF in 18 of 20 subjects. The increased RF production was inhibited by the addition to the cultures of adherent cells or their culture supernatants. These observations demonstrate the suppressive role of normal monocytes in the production of RF. Supernatants obtained from normal monocytes cultured with indomethacin could suppress the RF production, suggesting that prostaglandin E2 may not be involved in the regulation of IgM RF production.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1988

Insect-derived crude drugs in the Chinese Song dynasty.

Fifty-four kinds of crude drug derived from insects are listed in the "herbal" Jing-shi-zheng-lei-da-guang-ben-cao (1108 A.D.) edited during the Chinese Song dynasty (960-1280 A.D.). We considered each of them from the viewpoint of various herbals and have commented on them, the order being adhered to in most cases. We added our own findings of identification of insect crude drugs available on the market. The crude drugs emphasized are mantis egg case, wasp's nest, scarab larva, red cicada, snipe fly, horse fly, flying cockroach, Eupolyphaga, Chinese Cantharides and scarab beetle. Others are discussed to a lesser extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reliable indices for the determination of viability of grafted liver immediately after orthotopic transplantation. Bile flow rate and cellular adenosine triphosphate level.

One of the major problems accompanying liver transplantation is how to evaluate the viability of the grafted tissue at an early stage. The ability to assess immediate graft function would provide results useful in the determination of prognosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether bile flow rates after liver transplantation were correlated with adenosine triphosphate levels and the survival of rats given transplants. In fresh-liver-transplanted rats, the one-week survival rate was 87%. The cellular ATP levels in the grafts decreased sharply prior to portal-venous declamping, but returned to nearly 80% of the normal level 4 hr after grafting, as did the total adenine nucleotide level and energy charge. When the grafts were subjected to warm ischemia for 15-min or 30-min periods prior to harvesting of the donor liver, the one-week survival rates decreased to 50% and 0%, respectively. In these cases, the levels of cellular ATP and bile secretion remained low and were proportional to the survival of the transplanted animals even 4 hr after transplantation. The relationship between the bile flow rates and the cellular ATP levels under various conditions revealed a good correlation, showing a saturation curve. The bile flow rates as well as the cellular ATP levels were therefore related to the survival rates of the transplanted animals. Thus it was shown in this experimental transplantation model that the monitoring of bile production after liver grafting is a useful indicator for assessing the extent of ischemic damage to the liver and for prognosis of the animal.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Existence of a new type of sulfite oxidase which utilizes ferric ions as an electron acceptor in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

A new type of sulfite oxidase which utilizes ferric ion (Fe3+) as an electron acceptor was found in iron-grown Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. It was localized in the plasma membrane of the bacterium and had a pH optimum at 6.0. Under aerobic conditions, 1 mol of sulfite was oxidized by the enzyme to produce 1 mol of sulfate. Under anaerobic conditions in the presence of Fe3+, sulfite was oxidized by the enzyme as rapidly as it was under aerobic conditions. In the presence of o-phenanthroline or a chelator for Fe2+, the production of Fe2+ was observed during sulfite oxidation by this enzyme under not only anaerobic conditions but also aerobic conditions. No Fe2+ production was observed in the absence of o-phenanthroline, suggesting that the Fe2+ produced was rapidly reoxidized by molecular oxygen. Neither cytochrome c nor ferricyanide, both of which are electron acceptors for other sulfite oxidases, served as an electron acceptor for the sulfite oxidase of T. ferrooxidans. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by chelating agents for Fe3+. The physiological role of sulfite oxidase in sulfur oxidation of T. ferrooxidans is discussed.

Ferric Compounds↗
PubMed1988

Reduction of Mo6+ with elemental sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

In the presence of phosphate ions, molybdic ions (Mo6+) were reduced enzymatically with elemental sulfur by washed intact cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to give molybdenum blue. The whole-cell activity that reduced Mo6+ was totally due to cellular sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase (SFORase) (T. Sugio, W. Mizunashi, K. Inagaki, and T. Tano, J. Bacteriol. 169:4916-4922, 1987). The activity of M06+ reduction with elemental sulfur was competitively inhibited by Fe3+, Cu2+, and Co2+. The Michaelis constant of SFORase for Mo6+ was 7.6 mM, and the inhibition constants for Fe3+, Cu2+, and Co2+ were 0.084, 0.015, and 0.17 mM, respectively, suggesting that SFORase can reduce not only Fe3+ and Mo6+ but also Cu2+ and Co2+ with elemental sulfur.

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans↗
PubMed1987

Simple method for the analysis of food dyes on reversed-phase thin-layer plates.

A technique for the determination of food dyes using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography on octadecyl-modified silica is described. A solvent system containing 5.0% aqueous sodium sulphate solution enables good separation of the food dyes. Their separation is dependent on the pH of the solvent system, good separation among all dyes being obtained between pH 6.0 and 7.0. The determination of thirteen dyes can be achieved by a combination of methanol-acetonitrile-5.0% aqueous sodium sulphate solution (3:3:10) (solvent system A) and methanol-methyl ethyl ketone-5.0% aqueous sodium sulphate solution (1:1:1) (solvent system B). Solvent system A was used for the determination of Tartrazine, Amaranth, Indigo Carmine, New Coccine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura Red AC, Fast Green FCF and Brilliant Blue FCF and for the screening of Acid Red (R-106), Eosin (R-103), Erythrosin (R-3), Rose Bengale (R-105) and Phloxine (R-104). When the spots of R-3, R-103, R-104, R-105 and R-106 appear on the plate, their determination can be achieved by using solvent system B. Each calibration graph was linear between 0.2 and 1.0 micrograms.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1987

Development of potent aldose reductase inhibitors having a hydantoin structure.

Seventeen hydantoin derivatives were tested as inhibitors of aldose reductase, an enzyme believed to participate in the initiation of diabetic complications. Nine compounds with high inhibitory activities (IC50 values against purified rat lens aldose reductase less than or equal to 1.06 X 10(-6)M) were tested further for their abilities to prevent sorbitol accumulation induced by exposure of excised rat lens and sciatic nerve to a high glucose concentration (50 mM). Seven active compounds among them inhibited sorbitol accumulation by about 50% or more at a concentration of 10(-5)M. These seven compounds were given orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day and were assessed for their abilities to prevent both sorbitol accumulation in two tissues (lens and sciatic nerve) and myo-inositol depletion in the sciatic nerve. 1-[(2,4,5-Trichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]hydantoin, 1-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]hydantoin, and 1-[(beta-naphthyl)sulfonyl]hydantoin were found to be the most effective: they inhibited sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve completely and that in the lens by more than 92%. It is conceivable from this study that the three compounds are promising for further investigation targeted to the treatment of diabetic complications.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1987

Purification and some properties of sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

A sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase that utilizes ferric ion (Fe3+) as an electron acceptor of elemental sulfur was purified from iron-grown Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. Under anaerobic conditions in the presence of Fe3+, the enzyme reduced 4 mol of Fe3+ with 1 mol of elemental sulfur to give 4 mol of Fe2+ and 1 mol of sulfite, indicating that it corresponds to a ferric ion-reducing system (T. Sugio, C. Domatsu, O. Munakata, T. Tano, and K. Imai, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:1401-1406, 1985). Under aerobic conditions, sulfite, but not Fe2+, was produced during the oxidation of elemental sulfur by this enzyme because the Fe2+ produced was rapidly reoxidized chemically by molecular oxygen. The possibility that Fe3+ serves as an electron acceptor under aerobic conditions was ascertained by adding o-phenanthroline, which chelates Fe2+, to the reaction mixture. Sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase had an apparent molecular weight of 46,000, and it is composed of two identical subunits (Mr = 23,000) as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sulfur oxidation by this enzyme was absolutely dependent on the presence of reduced glutathione. The enzyme had an isoelectric point and a pH optimum at pH 4.6 and 6.5, respectively. Almost all the activity of sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase was observed in the osmotic shock fluid of the cells, suggesting that it was localized in the periplasmic space of the cells.

Glutathione↗