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Biomedical subjects

K Hoshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Hoshi.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Perturbation of hepatic glutathione level and glutathione-related enzyme activities by repeated administration of aminopyrine in rats.

The influence of repeated administration of aminopyrine on the tissue glutathione level and related enzyme activities was investigated in rats. Reduced glutathione level in the liver was not changed after 5 days of treatment but a significant increase was seen after 15 days of aminopyrine treatment. Oxidized glutathione level was unaltered throughout the experiment. Repeated administration of aminopyrine for 5 days caused a marked increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in liver whole homogenates as well as in the nuclear fraction, but not in liver microsomes. These results suggest that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase located in plasma membrane may be induced by repeated administration of aminopyrine for 5 days. The activities of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, which modulates glutathione level, were also significantly increased by aminopyrine treatment. Under the same conditions, glutathione peroxidase activity with H2O2 as a substrate was unaltered, while a time-dependent increase in the activity was found when cumene hydroperoxide was used as a substrate, even after a single administration of aminopyrine. The intracellular cysteine level was increased accompanying the increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Therefore, induced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may play a role in the reclamation of extracellular oxidized glutathione.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Electron microscopical study on impaired phagocytic function of granulocytes in diabetics.

Phagocytic ability of granulocytes obtained from 22 diabetic patients was studied by electron microscopy in order to explain their susceptibility to infection and was compared with that of granulocytes from 13 healthy controls. The main features of the procedure employed in this study were as follows; (1) morphologically quantitative assessment of phagocytosis, (2) no separate assay of engulfment and killing of bacteria, (3) granulocytes were mixed with 10 times their number of bacteria, (4) antibiotics were not used to kill extracellular bacteria, (5) use of a conic tube lined with collodion film for cell pellet formation, (6) each conic tube contained less than 1 X 10(6) granulocytes, (7) sections examined were the vertically cut surfaces of the thin buffy coat. Control subjects showed that most granulocytes did not contain intact intracellular bacteria. Assay of aliquots sampled after 30 minutes and 2 hours in controls showed no significant difference. However, in diabetics, eight cases showed similar results with controls and were thought to have normal function, and fourteen cases showed the increased number of granulocytes containing intact intracellular bacteria was much more marked in aliquots sampled after 2 hours and were considered as showing various degrees of impaired bactericidal ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of agents used for removal of zona pellucida on human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster egg].

In 1976, Yanagimachi et al. suggested that human sperm were capable of penetrating zona-free hamster eggs. Since that time, this in vitro penetration assay has been used to analyze human spermatozoal fertilizing ability. In the present study, effects of proteinases and S-S reducing agents used for removal of zona pellucida on human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs were investigated. 0.1% trypsin, 0.05% pronase, 0.1% alpha-chymotrypsin and 300 IU/ml Dispase were proteinases used for this experiment, and 0.05 M mercaptoethanol and 0.025 M dithiothreitol (DDT) were S-S reducing agents. Results obtained were as follows: 1) When hamster eggs were treated for 3 minutes by these agents, percentages of eggs penetrated were 76.4% (trypsin), 75.6% (mercaptoethanol), 64.7% (alpha-chymotrypsin), 63% (pronase), 61% (Dispase) and 25.9% (DTT). 2) When hamster eggs were treated for 20 minutes, the figures were 83% (mercaptoethanol), 75.7% (trypsin), 63% (Dispase) 54% (pronase), 51% (alpha-chymotrypsin) and 13% (DTT). 3) There was no difference between human sperm penetration rates into zona-free hamster eggs treated for 3 minutes and those treated for 20 minutes. These results suggest that trypsin and mercaptoethanol were very useful agents for removing zona pellucida of hamster eggs in this in vitro fertilization system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of calcium and magnesium on in vitro fertilization in human].

Effects of Ca++ and Mg++ on human fertilization were investigated. For this study, in vitro fertilization assay employing the zona-free hamster eggs and the salt-stored human eggs were used. In Ca++ & Mg++-free medium, human spermatozoa could not penetrate into zona-free hamster egg. Sperm penetration occurred in Ca++-free medium containing Mg++ (1.19mM greater than or equal to) indicating that Mg++ can substitute for Ca++ although this was less effective than Ca++. In Ca++-free medium, human spermatozoa could not penetrate into zona pellucida of salt-stored human egg. These results suggest that Ca++ and Mg++ are essential for acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. And, in Ca++ & Mg++-free medium, acrosome reacted human spermatozoa could not penetrate into zona-free hamster egg. This result indicates that Ca++ and Mg++ are essential for sperm-egg fusion, too.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of measuring serum trypsin by radioimmunoassay and clinical application for the study on the exocrine function in diabetics (author's transl)].

Measurement of serum concentration of trypsin by RIA-Gnost Trypsin kit (Hoechst-Japan) was evaluated. The clinical usefulness of measuring serum trypsin level in diabetic patients was assessed. The measurement of trypsin using the radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit revealed good precision and reproducibility with intraassay error ranging from 3.6 to 5.5% in C.V. corresponding to mean trypsin concentration of 236.5-838.7 ng/ml and interassay error ranging from 8.1 to 11.1%. Tests for recovery and dilution were satisfactory for clinical use. Clinical materials included 35 normal subjects, 88 diabetics, 22 patients with liver diseases, 3 with acute pancreatitis, 7 with chronic pancreatitis and 3 with chronic renal failure. Serum trypsin concentration in normal controls was 157.6 +/- 59.9 ng/ml (m + 1 S.D.). Diabetic patients treated with diet therapy alone revealed serum trypsin level of 203.6 +/- 74.8 ng/ml (n = 50). In diabetics treated with sulfonil urea serum trypsin was 171.3 +/- 83.0 ng/ml (n = 25). In patients receiving insulin serum trypsin level was 90.5 +/- 49.0 ng/ml (n = 13). In patients with liver diseases, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and chronic renal failure serum trypsin concentration were 236.9 +/- 88.0, 520.1 +/- 80.0, 113.0 +/- 75.6, and 2557 +/- 2771 respectively. Our results may indicate impaired pancreatic exocrine function in patients with severe diabetes mellitus. Increased serum trypsin level in diabetics treated with diet therapy may be due to stimulated excretion of trypsin resulted from restricted food intake. However, further study in larger number of patients is needed.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1982

[Intrauterine growth of live-born Japanese infants between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation].

Intrauterine growth of live-born infants between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation has been measured by birth weight. All live-born infants in Miyagi prefecture where is situated at the middle part of Japan were 31,534 from February, 1978 to January, 1979. Out of the 31,534 live-born infants, there were 11,025 cases whose records were incomplete, because of uncertainty concerning duration of pregnancy. So, we investigated 19,509 live-born infants. Most of them were born at term (37 to 41 weeks of gestation). Premature delivery rate was 3.36% and postterm delivery rate was 3.78%. Finally, we made the intrauterine growth curves derived from 19,509 live-born infants at each week of gestation and weights for 10th, 50th and 90th percentile.

Birth Weight↗