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Biomedical subjects

K Hojo

Publications and source records attributed to K Hojo.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effectiveness of wide anatomical resection and radical lymphadenectomy for patients with rectal cancer.

The results of wide anatomical resection and radical lymphadenectomy which we termed the extended operation were examined. Materials consisted of 160 Japanese patients who underwent conventional operation during 1962-1968 prior to the introduction of extended operation, 113 patients who underwent extended operation since 1969, and 119 patients who underwent conventional operation from 1969 to 1976. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 70% (1962-1968) and 67.8% (1969-1976) for the conventional operation groups and 90.3% for the extended operation group in Dukes B group (p less than 0.05). In Dukes C group, the rates were 26.3% (1962-1968) and 37.8% (1969-1976) for the conventional operation groups and 51.6% for the extended operation group. The incidences of local recurrence in Dukes B group were 25% (1969-1976) in the conventional operation group and 6.5% in the extended operation group, while in Dukes C group the rates were 45.0% (1969-1976) and 25% respectively. Our study demonstrated that the extended operation resulted in a decrease in the local recurrence of rectal cancer and prognosis. We therefore recommend that extensive surgery be planned for advanced cases of rectal cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Lymphatic spread and its prognostic value in patients with rectal cancer.

The incidence of lymph node metastasis in 423 patients with resected rectal cancer was 51.4 percent. There was no correlation between the size of the tumor and metastasis when the maximum diameter of the tumor exceeded 3 cm, and metastasis was seen in more than 50 percent of the patients. Metastasis was seen in 17.9 percent of the patients with cancer limited to the mucosa (mucosal and submucosal layer), in 37.8 of those with penetration limited to the propria muscle, and in more than 50 percent of those with penetration to the serosa or invasion into other organs. With lower rectal cancer, lateral metastasis was seen in 23 percent of the patients with advanced cancer, and inguinal lymph node metastasis in 6 percent. The 5 year survival rate of Dukes' C patients was as low as 33 percent, but was 52.9 percent in the patients with metastasis to only the pararectal lymph node; the prognosis of lateral metastasis is poor. As a subclassification of Dukes' C, levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are proposed on the basis of the extent of lymphatic spread.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Postoperative follow-up studies on cancer of the colon and rectum.

We followed up 790 patients with cancer of the colon and rectum treated at our hospital since 1962. The curative resection rate in the rectum and anus was 78 percent but decreased as the distance of the lesion from the anus increased. In the ascending colon the rate was 59.8 percent. The patients undergoing curative resection had a 5 year survival rate of 65 percent and a 10 year survival rate of 45 percent. The closer to the anus, the poorer the prognosis. Prognosis is greatly influenced by the stage at diagnosis. Surgical results have improved annually due to progress in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Factors greatly influencing prognosis were the presence of lymph node metastasis, the degree of invasion of the intestinal wall and the site of the primary lesion. Lymph node metastasis was an especially important prognostic factor. In cancer of the rectum primary recurrences were most often found in local sites (66 percent of cases), followed by metastasis to the liver and the lung. However, in cancer of the colon metastasis in both the liver and the peritoneum was observed in 67 percent of the cases. On the basis of these results, methods to prevent local recurrence of cancer of the rectum as well as metastasis to the liver from cancer of the colon must be developed. When extended abdominopelvic wide dissection was performed, the incidence of local recurrence decreased.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1982

Suppression of experimental allergic orchitis and cellular immune response in the guinea pig by pretreatment with testis antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.

Pretreatment of guinea pigs with homologous testicular antigen (TA) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) markedly reduced both the incidence and severity of experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) when animals were subsequently challenged with TA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and examined at 2 weeks after challenge. The pretreatment rendered lymph node lymphocytes, particularly T cells, specifically unresponsive to the subsequent orchitogenic challenge as judged by antigen-induced in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response and blastogenic factor production, whereas antisperm antibody formation was not affected. The suppression induced was of a transitory nature, lasting 3 weeks after orchitogenic challenge, but between 4 and 5 weeks after challenge the development of EAO and aspermatogenesis became evident in parallel with the restoration of cellular immune responsiveness. Cyclophosphamide treatment 3 days before orchitogenic challenge abolished the preventive effect of pretreatment with TA in IFA. Transfer of serum obtained from pretreated animals failed to prevent actively sensitized recipients from developing EAO, which does not favor a possible occurrence of serum blocking factors in protected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Blastogenic factor production by guinea pig B lymphocytes stimulated with thymus-dependent antigen.

The purpose of the present paper is to determine whether antigen-stimulated B lymphocytes could produce blastogenic factor (BF) in the system of guinea pigs (strain 2) sensitized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or ovalbumin (OVA), known as thymus-dependent antigen, and, further, whether macrophages (M phi) are required for antigen activation of B cells to produce this lymphokine. Additionally, the effect of BF on normal T and B cells was evaluated. B lymphocytes were purified by double nylon wool adherence, plastic dish adherence. Sephadex G-10 column passage and sedimentation of E rosette forming cells on Ficoll-Isopaque. KLH- or OVA-primed B lymphocytes as well as T lymphocytes could produce BF when stimulated with specific antigen in vitro, and M phi were required for antigen activation of both T and B cells to produce BF. The optimal BF production was observed at a T or B cells: M phi ratio of 1:0.1 (in the system of KLH sensitization) or 1:0.5 (in OVA sensitization). BF production by B cells appeared to be less than that by T cells. BF produced by B cells was able to stimulate both normal T and B cells to proliferate; the proliferative responses of normal B cells to both B-cell-derived BF and T-cell-derived BF were significantly greater than those of normal T cells to these BFs. Readdition of M phi was not required for the T or B cell response to BF.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Tachistoscope and dichotic listening test of the subject after the transection of the posterior part of the corpus callosum].

The authors made neuropsychological studies by the tachistoscope and the dichotic listening test on a subject who had undergone the transection of the posterior part of the corpus callosum. As to the tachistoscopic recognition, stimulus material was composed with the various Japanese letters (Katakana, Hiragana, Kanji), various faces (variations of the eyebrow form and the mouth form) and various slopes of line. Table 1 shows results of the cases (the subject was the present case, subjects 1 and subject 2 were past cases). It was seen that the performance of the subject on Japanese letters tasks showed greater right visual field superiority than the one of subject 1 and subject 2. As to the auditory recognition, the tasks used for the dichotic listening test were the following (Table 2, 3, 4). Different digits (three pairs) of the subject showed greater right ear superiority (right ear: 61.1, left ear 5.9) than the ones of subject 1 and subject 2.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

A case report of pseudohypoparathyroidism (Drezner's type I) associated with probable Bartter's syndrome.

A 24-yr-old male patient that suffered from chronic tetany since school age. At the age of 20 tetanic convulsions occurred due to hypocalcemia. His mother also had chronic tetany due to pseudohypoparathyroidism. At the age of 24, hypocalcemia caused by pseudohypoparathyroidism was noted. Hypopotassemia persisted even when the hypocalcemia improved with the administration of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium lactate. Other findings were normal blood pressure, high levels of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone, a fall in blood pressure after angiotensin II antagonist infusion, blunted pressor response to angiotensin II infusion and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells. These results were compatible with Bartter's syndrome. Plasma prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in standing position were suppressed after indomethacin administration. To our knowledge this is thought to be the first report of a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with probable Bartter's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Unusual histiocytic tumor of the small intestine.

A case of unusual sarcoma of the small intestine is described. Ultrastructural observation, enzyme histochemical studies, and functional analysis, such as phagocytic capacity and surface markers, were helpful in defining the neoplastic cells as histiocytes. Autopsy findings are presented.

Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
PubMed1980

Atypical collagen disease. Polymyositis, prominent hematoxylin body formation and some manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis.

An autopsy case of polymyositis with prominent hematoxylin body formation in various organs and tissues, florid focal and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, and some manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis was presented. A 34-year-old woman had erythematous edema on the face, joint pain, muscular weakness, cutaneous sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon for about 5 years. She had also a long history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Autopsy revealed polymyositis involving skeletal, smooth and heart muscles. This was widespread consisting of focal and extensive primary degeneration of muscle fibers and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates near and surrounding small veins and venules accompanied by the derivation of hematoxylin bodies from inflammatory cell nuclei, and in the posterior pharyngeal muscles severely affected, muscle substance was literally erased, leaving interstitial fibrous tissues and blood vessels. This focally restricted, severe necrosis of the skeletal muscle gives a special feature to the polymyositis in the present case. The diagnosis of polymyositis with prominent hematoxylin body formation and some manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis was applied as a rather descriptive designation, but yet it does not absolutely exclude the possibility of a variant of SLE in an additional effort to search for an underlying disorder.

Adult↗