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Biomedical subjects

K Hojo

Publications and source records attributed to K Hojo.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

In vivo effects of cyclosporin A: abrogation of the induction of experimental allergic orchitis and sparing of the generation of suppressor cells.

Cyclosporin A (CyA; 10 mg/kg/day) administration for 14 days, starting on the day of immunization with testicular antigen (TA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), almost completely abrogated the induction of experimental allergic orchitis (EAO), delayed skin reactivities to both TA and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), and antisperm antibody response in strain 13 guinea pigs when examined 2 weeks after immunization. The unresponsive state induced was of a transitory nature. After cessation of CyA treatment, EAO-eliciting capability and cellular immune responsiveness recovered in relatively short time, while restoration of humoral immune responsiveness was delayed. Transfer of lymph node cells taken from CyA-treated, EAO-suppressed animals at 2 weeks postimmunization into normal syngeneic recipients inhibited the induction of EAO and delayed skin response. The suppressor cell activity appeared to be at least in part antigen-specific. It seems likely, therefore, that the profound suppression of EAO by CyA could be explained as due to the additive effect of the inhibition of helper/inducer T cell generation and the sparing or activation of suppressor cell populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Localization of lesions in aphasia--clinical-CT scan correlations (Part III): Paraphasia and meaningless speech].

According to the result of the visual naming task of 100 realistic pictures, 51 cases were selected from 450 cases with various types of aphasia and divided into two groups, namely, meaningless speech group and paraphasic group. Subsequently, on the basis of the quantitative and qualitative valuation of the spontaneous speech and the naming task, the two groups were subdivided with meaningless speech group being recurring utterance (RU group), undifferentiated jargon (UJ group), asemantic jargon (AJ group) and paraphasic group being literal paraphasia (LP group), verbal paraphasia (VP group). Using a microcomputer, the locus and extent of the lesions, as demonstrated by computed tomography for each group were superimposed onto standardized matrices. The relationship between the focus and the extent of the lesions and the various groups was investigated. RU group (n = 8): The size of the lesions of this group was very large and almost all patients had extensive lesions involving frontal-temporal-parietal lobes. There was marked concentration of the lesions in the area of the insula, lenticular nucleus and the deep structures of the frontal lobe. UJ group (n = 9): In general, the size of the lesions was large and highly involved lesions were located in the lenticular nucleus and operculum as well as the superior and middle temporal gyri and the supramarginal gyrus. Because of the large variability in lesion patterns, it has proved to have little localizing value. AJ group (n = 11): The size of the lesions was significantly smaller than any other group. At least 80% of the patients had the superior temporal lesions involving Wernick's area and subcortical lesions of the supramarginal gyrus. LP group (n = 8): The lesions were relatively large in size. While there was some concentration of the lesions in the area of the lenticular nucleus, posterior parts of the insula and anterior temporal gyrus, it was difficult to localize in a definite region. VP group (n = 15): The lesions of this group were a little smaller and located slightly deeper than those of the LP group. The finding has proved to have little localizing value.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Localization of lesions in aphasia: clinical-CT scan correlations (Part II)].

On the basis of the characteristic symptoms or the result of a speech examination, 127 right-handed cases with various types of aphasia were subdivided into two groups within each aphasic syndrome. Using a microcomputer, the locus and extent of the lesions, as demonstrated by computed tomography for each group were superimposed onto standardized matrices. The relationship between the focus and the extent of the lesions and the various symptoms was investigated. Broca aphasics: More than 80% of the group with obvious anarthric components had lesions of the third frontal gyrus involving Broca's area and the lower part of the precental gyrus as well as opercular and insular regions. The size of the lesions of this group was significantly larger than that of the group without marked anarthric components, and the latter was proved to have little localizing value. Wernicke aphasics: The group with poor reading comprehension had cortical and/or subcortical lesions, involving posterior parts of both superior and middle temporal gyri as well as the supramarginal gyrus. On the other hand, lesions of the group with poor auditory comprehension were more anteriorly located and localized in the deep structures. Lesions of the group with poor Token test scores were large and scattered more anteriorly and/or posteriorly compared with those of the group with good Token test scores. Amnestic aphasics: The group with poor naming scores had somewhat larger lesions than the group with good naming scores, and the lesions were scattered about the left hemisphere. The finding has proved that both groups had little localizing value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hepatectomy for metastatic liver tumor.

Hepatectomy for liver metastasis from the colo-rectum and other organs was performed in 77 cases at the National Cancer Center Hospital. The operative procedures included every variety of hepatectomy from extended resection as trisegmentectomy to small resection as partial resection. The operative mortality rate was 3.9% (3/77). The overall cumulative 5-year survival rate was 26.7 +/- 13.9% (survival rate +/- Greenwood's 5% standard error). The long-term survival of the patients with unilobular metastasis (H1) was better than that of bilobular (H2) and disseminated (H3 metastasis). When H1 was divided into solitary unilobular metastasis (H1 solitary) and multiple unilobular metastasis (H1 multiple), the prognosis for the former was better than for the latter after hepatectomy. The long-term survival of patients with H1 multiple was the same as that of patients with H2 and H3; that means that one of the factors affecting prognosis after hepatectomy is whether the tumor is solitary or multiple.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Recovery in aphasia (Part 2): Size and site of lesion].

The digitizer program was used to determine the size of the lesions by tracing them onto standardized matrices which were divided into 3000 point and corresponded to CT slices. Moreover, on the basis of the results of accumulated lesions on 127 cases with various types of aphasia, the highly involved sites were determined as Broca's area, Wernicke's area and conduction area, and the sizes of the lesions in each area were also determined. The correlation between these sizes of the lesions and recovery rates based on the 2 SLTA scores (initial and 3 months later) was studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between the size of total area and the initial SLTA score was -0.46, significant at p less than 0.01. The negative correlation means that the larger the lesion, the more severe the aphasia. This tendency was seen in all language aspects except "calculation" (i.e. hearing, speaking, reading, writing). A similar, highly significant negative correlation was obtained between the lesion sizes of Broca's area, Wernicke's area, conduction area and initial SLTA scores, but among the various types of aphasics, only the Broca aphasics have a highly significant negative correlation between lesion size and initial SLTA score. 2) The negative correlation between the size of total area and the recovery rate was observed. This tendency was seen especially in the expressive disorders, namely "speaking" and "writing". These findings indicate that the larger the lesions, the less overall recovery will occur in total language deficit and in speaking and writing disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aphasia↗
PubMed1985

[Recovery in aphasia (Part 1)].

In order to elucidate the factors which have an influence on the prognosis of aphasia, a correlation was studied in 76 right-handed aphasic patients between recovery rates and various factors: i.e. aphasia type, age, educational level, time between onset of aphasia and institution of therapy and initial severity. Initial evaluations on Standard Language Test of Aphasia (SLTA) were obtained within 5 months after the cerebrovascular accident and reevaluations were obtained 3 months after the initial evaluation. Recovery rates were determined by comparing scores of these 2 tests in order to coincide with clinical impression. The results obtained were as follows: Aphasia type: The highest recovery rates were seen in conduction aphasics, followed by amnestic, Wernicke, and Broca aphasics. Global aphasics had significantly lower recovery rates. It was suggested that anarthria in Broca's aphasia and jargon in Wernicke's aphasia had a significant ratarding effect on recovery rates. Age: Age and recovery rates showed a significant negative correlation: younger patients recovered better, and this trend was remarkable in Wernicke aphasics but not Broca aphasics. Education: Patients with more education tended to improve more, and this trend was most remarkable in amnestic aphasics. Time between onset of aphasia and institution of therapy: Time elapsed from onset and recovery rates showed a significant negative correlation; recovery rates decreased as the time interval from onset increased. Initial severity: Correlation between the initial severity of aphasia, measured by the initial SLTA scores and recovery rates was very high; severily affected aphasics recovered to a lesser extent than mildly affected ones and this trend was remarkable in Wernicke and Broca aphasics.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The treatment of early colorectal cancer].

One hundred and eighty-three patients with early colorectal cancer (mucosal or submucosal carcinoma) were treated endoscopically or surgically from 1962 through 1984 at our hospital. Regional lymph node metastasis was recognized in 6 among 98 submucosal cancers. Lymphatic vessel permeation of cancer cells was also found in 31.8% of submucosal cancers. Local recurrence was observed in 3 patients with submucosal cancer. From our experience, the policy of treatment for early cancer was discussed and proposed. If the growth is pedunculated or small sessile polyp endoscopic polypectomy should be performed and bowel resection must be subsequent when histological examination of resected specimen showed massive cancer invasion to the stalk or submucosal layer. If the growth does not have stalk and is diagnosed early cancer, bowel resection with dissection of surrounding tissues should be recommended for high security, because these growth has more frequently submucosal invasion. For early rectal cancer, transanal or trans-sacral local wedge excision for mucosal or submucosal minute invasion cancer and trans-sacral sleeve resection with dissection of mesorectal tissues for submucosal invasive cancer. When histological examination of resected specimen showed unexpectively more massive invasion near to or into propria muscle layer, more wide bowel resection must be subsequent. If sm massive cancer locates near to anal canal, limited Miles' operation must be also in mind, preserving voiding and sexual functions.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis for familial polyposis coli--use of tube ileostomy.

Radical cancer-preventive management of familial polyposis coli is total removal of the colon and rectum. We have carried out this procedure with ileoanostomy for seven young patients with familial polyposis coli. There was no significant morbidity and all ileoanal anastomoses were completed without any problems of leakage or abscesses. Side-to-end anastomosis is very effective in preventing complications of ileoanostomy. Simple tube-ileostomy is also effective and is recommended rather than loop ileostomy. Restoration of anal function was excellent except in one patient whose internal sphincter muscle was injured during rectal mucosectomy. Our results show that ileoanal anastomosis without postoperative complications has no effect on the postoperative social rehabilitation of the patient, although the frequency of defecation is three or four times a day.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Adoptive transfer of suppression of experimental allergic orchitis with lymphoid cells from antigen-pretreated guinea pigs.

The injection of lymph node cells or spleen cells, obtained from strain 13 guinea pigs rendered unresponsive to experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) by pretreatment with testicular antigen (TA) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, into normal syngeneic recipients markedly prevented the development of EAO, especially of the interstitial inflammatory cell response, which was expected to occur 2 weeks following orchitogenic challenge with TA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The suppressive effect of thymus cells from the same donors was much less prominent. The inhibition of EAO by suppressor cells was specific for the relevant antigen TA. In such EAO-suppressed animals delayed skin reaction to TA was suppressed, whereas antisperm antibody formation was not impaired. The active suppressor cells residing in the lymph nodes had characteristics of T lymphocytes, in that they did not adhere to the plastic dish surface and nylon wool and in that they formed rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. B lymphocytes from the same animals did not have detectable suppressive properties. Lymph node cells from protected donors that had been treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) 3 days before cell transfer were unable to transfer unresponsiveness to EAO. The results suggest that the immune prevention against EAO is explainable at least in part by the generation of CY-sensitive suppressor T lymphocytes with the capacity of inhibiting development of effector T cells after antigenic stimulation and that suppressor cells that mediated unresponsiveness to EAO may also regulate the cellular hypersensitivity to TA.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Radical surgery for advanced bowel cancer with the involvement to adjacent viscera or distant metastasis--combined resection of involved organs].

Since 1962, 1422 patients with large bowel cancer have been treated surgically in our hospital and 373 patients among them have received the extended radical combined resection of the tumor and its invaded adjacent viscera. The result is much encouraging as follows: (table: see text) Even though there are still some problems in concerning to scope of resection for invaded organ, the extended radical operation must be taken actively for the advanced cancer of large bowel.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Localization of lesions in aphasia: clinical-CT scan correlations (Part 1)].

Using a microcomputer, the locus and extent of the lesions, as demonstrated by computed tomography for 127 cases with various types of aphasia were superimposed onto standardized matrices. The relationship between the foci of the lesions and the types of aphasia was investigated. Broca ++aphasics (n = 39): Since the accumulated site of the lesions highly involved the deep structures of the lower part of the precentral gyrus as well as the insula and lenticular nucleus, only 60% of the Broca aphasics had lesions on these areas. This finding has proved to have little localizing value. Wernicke aphasics (n = 23): The size of the lesion was significantly smaller than Broca's aphasia. At least 70% of the patients had the superior temporal lesions involving Wernicke's area and subcortical lesions of the superior and middle temporal gyri. The site of lesion corresponded roughly to the previous clinico-pathological reports but located a little deep. Amnestic aphasics (n = 18): The size of the lesion was smaller than any other types. While there was some concentration of the lesions (maximum 40%) in the area of the subcortical region of the anterior temporal gyrus adjacent to Wernicke's area and the lenticular nucleus, the lesions were distributed throughout the left hemisphere. Amnestic aphasia was thought to be the least localizable. Conduction aphasics (n = 11): The lesions were relatively small in size. Many patients had posterior speech area lesions involving at least partially Wernicke's area. In particular, more than 80% of the conduction aphasics had lesions of the supramarginal gyrus and it's adjacent deep structures. Global aphasics (n = 36): In general, the size of the lesion was very large and 70% of the global aphasics had extensive lesions involving both Broca's and Wernicke's areas. However, there were observations showing that the lesions can be small and confined. Because of the large variability in lesion patterns and speech disturbances, it is necessary to expand the number of cases for relate detailed neuropsychological examinations with morphological CT-findings. Our method permits it easily to process and to analyze a large number of cases. By studying larger series, the better definition in the relationship between anatomic lesion location and aphasia type, even for less common aphasia syndromes could be obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of extended systematic lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the rectum--significant improvement of survival rate and decrease of local recurrence.

The effects of extended systematic lymphadenectomy were evaluated by the rate of survival of the patients and incidence of local failure in 643 patients with single primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum, who were operated on at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1981. Our extended systematic lymphadenectomy consists of high ligation of the inferior mesenteric vessels and meticulous dissection of the abdominopelvic lymphatic system. Potentially curative resection was performed on 495 patients (77%) with seven operative deaths (1.4%). Extended systematic lymphadenectomy was carried out on 74 of 168 patients with Dukes B cancer and 89 of 213 patients with Dukes C cancer. Five-year survival rates for patients with or without systematic extended lymphadenectomy were 83.2% vs 63.7% (P less than 0.05) in Dukes B and 52.5% vs 30.8% (P less than 0.05) in Dukes C classes. The cumulative incidence of local failure at 5 years was decreased from 26.1% to 8.4% (P less than 0.01) and from 44.3% to 24.5% (P less than 0.01) by extended lymphadenectomy in Dukes B and C classes, respectively. Prolongation of operation time (plus 60 min), slight increase in blood loss (plus 150 ml) and no increase in operative mortality (1/161, 0.6%), were observed in the case of extended lymphadenectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Anastomotic recurrence after sphincter saving resection for carcinoma of the rectum].

Between 1962 and 1982, 273 patients underwent sphincter saving resection for rectal cancer in my hospital. In 30 of these patients, local anastomotic recurrence was observed (11%). Computer analysis of 64 variables was undertaken to identify factors contributing to the anastomotic recurrence, especially in reference to the resecting line from the tumor, safety margin (AW). The present study shows no positive relationship between the length of normal bowel resected below the tumor, if it overs 2cm in advanced case, and anastomotic recurrence. We advocated the principle that "safety margin should be 4 or 5 cm in the advanced case". But this principle must now be changed. There appears every justification to carry out a curative sphincter saving procedure, resecting a shorter length of rectum -3cm (in vivo)- below the tumor in order to spare the patient a permanent colostomy. But, Borrmann 3 type, annular growth, severe serosal invasion, and undifferentiated or mucinous feature of cancer are the predominant factors associated with anastomotic recurrence and demand the longer length of safety margin as well as extended Miles operation. The causes of anastomotic recurrence in 30 patients have been investigated and searched for respectively. The recurrence in 9 of them seemed to be very unexpectedly and implantation might, therefore, be responsible for it.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Antigen-presenting capacity of guinea pig B lymphocytes in T cell proliferative response in vitro.

The capacity of normal (unprimed) B cells and keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin(KLH)-primed B cells to present the antigen KLH to KLH-primed T cells in the guinea pig was examined with in vitro assay of lymphocyte proliferative response. Antigen-pulsed B-lymphocyte population, extensively devoid of macrophages (M phi), induced the proliferative response of KLH-primed T lymphocytes, although less effectively than the peritoneal M phi. The antigen presentation was antigen-specific. There was no substantial difference between the magnitude of T-cell response induced by KLH-primed B-cell population and that stimulated by unprimed, normal B-cell population. The antigen-presenting capacity of the B-cell population was abrogated by pretreatment with anti-guinea pig immunoglobulin (Ig) or anti-I-region-associated (Ia) antigen antiserum and complement, whereas it was not affected with anti-guinea pig M phi antiserum and complement. From studies using strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs, histocompatibility requirement between antigen-pulsed B cells and antigen-reactive T cells was suggested: B lymphocytes, as well as M phi, did elicit proliferative response to specific antigen, KLH or purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), in syngeneic, but not in allogeneic, T cells. These results suggest that the Ia-positive, surface-Ig-bearing guinea-pig B lymphocytes - not only KLH-primed B cells but also unprimed B cells - are capable of presenting antigen to primed T cells in a major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-restricted fashion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of starvation on microsomal cytochrome P-450 and laurate-omega-hydroxylation of rat kidney and liver.

Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content and laurate-omega-oxidation activity in rat kidney and liver microsomes were investigated following starvation. Multiple forms of P-450 were analyzed by one dimensional separation using peroxidase stained SDS-continuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gels of the hepatic microsomes treated with phenobarbital showed three P-450 bands, and the renal microsomes showed one sharp band, which was induced remarkably by starvation and coincided with the middle molecular form of P-450 from the hepatic microsomes. Since laurate-omega-oxidation activity was induced specifically by starvation but not by drug treatment, in both the kidney and the liver microsomes, the middle molecular form of P-450 might catalyze laurate-omega-oxidation. It seemed, therefore, that a special P-450 subunit catalyzing laurate-omega-oxidation has a greater function in the renal rather than hepatic microsomes because the specific laurate-omega-oxidation activity per starvation induced P-450 content was relatively similar in both the kidney and the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[2 cases of bullous pemphigoid and Bowen's disease associated with esophageal cancer].

There are many published reports on the combination of malignant tumors of the digestive tract and various skin diseases. To date, 8 cases with combined bullous pemphigoid and malignant tumor, or Bowen's disease and malignant tumor, have been reported in Japan. In only 2 cases was the esophageal cancer combined with skin disease. The pathophysiological relationship between skin diseases and malignant tumors of the digestive tract remains unknown.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Continuous intravenous administration of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil [FT] by intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH)--stability of FT in IVH solution and tumor levels of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

The continuous intravenous administration of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) to colorectal cancer patients was studied in regard to the stability of FT in intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) solutions and tumor levels of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). FT was very compatible with IVH solutions, because the decomposition of FT in IVH solution was very low, 3%. High levels of 5-FU, which is an active metabolite of FT, were obtained in the tumors, averaging 0.369 mcg/g. The ratios of 5-FU levels in the tumor to those in serum and normal tissues were 13.6 and 3.7, respectively. The difference in 5-FU levels between normal tissues and the tumors was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Therefore, continuous intravenous administration of FT should be widely used to treat patients with colorectal cancer, as the method of administration of antitumor agents.

Colonic Neoplasms↗