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Biomedical subjects

K Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to K Hirose.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with recurrent polyneuropathy: an autopsy report with special reference to the peripheral nervous system.

The clinical and pathological findings of a 21-year-old girl suffering from pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) with relapsing neuropathy are described. Episodic exacerbations were accompanied by intracranial hypertension and were relieved by the administration of corticosteroids. At autopsy, pathologic changes were almost restricted to the peripheral axons and showed distal dominant depletion of myelinated fibers without any active myelin breakdown or inflammatory changes. The neuropathy is thought to be similar to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP); however, the relationship, if any, between PPHP and CIDP is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Conformations of crossbridges in contracting skeletal muscle.

Conformations of crossbridges during isometric contraction were observed and compared with those in rigor state. Rabbit skeletal muscle fibers were chemically skinned, rapidly frozen during isometric contraction or in the rigor state, then freeze-substituted. Longitudinal and cross sections were observed. Crossbridges in contracting fibers are arranged on the thin filament, retaining a periodicity of approximately 14.3 nm with some variability, while crossbridges in rigor fibers tend to attach to actin target zones which have a periodicity of approximately 36 nm. Rigor crossbridges are wide near the thin filament; crossbridges in contracting fibers are thinner and have more uniform width from the proximal region to the distal region. The majority of the mass of the crossbridges during contraction is not as close to the thin filament as in rigor fibers. Shapes of crossbridges during contraction are variable, especially when viewed along the filament axis.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1991

Genotoxicity and cell proliferative activity of omeprazole in rat stomach mucosa.

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) as a marker of genotoxicity and induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity as a marker of cell proliferative activity by omeprazole were determined in the glandular stomach mucosa of male F344 rats after oral administration. Commercial enteric-coated omeprazole (Losec) at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight induced a dose-dependent increase in UDS but not replicative DNA synthesis in the pyloric mucosa of rat stomach 4 h after its administration. Dose-dependent significant induction of ODC activity was observed in fundic and pyloric mucosa with a maximum 8 h after administration of omeprazole at doses of 37.5-100 mg/kg body weight. These results show that omeprazole has genotoxicity and cell proliferative activity in the rat glandular stomach mucosa.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Application of a sucrose indicator strip to evaluate salivary sucrose clearance.

This study examined salivary sucrose clearance times of 96 subjects using sucrose indicator strips. Subjects with high caries experience had a longer salivary sucrose clearance time than those with a low caries experience. The flow rate of unstimulated but not of stimulated saliva was significantly related to sucrose clearance. This finding is consistent with that of other studies on salivary clearance. The sucrose indicator strips are simple to use and sucrose clearance tests using these strips do involve instrumental analyses. It is concluded that the strips investigated are simple and effective and merit further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sympathetic skin response in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with patients with spinal cord transection and normal controls.

In 28 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and 21 patients with a functionally complete transection of the spinal cord sympathetic skin responses (SSR) from both the palms and soles were studied. In the patients with a complete transection at T3 or 4, SSRs were impaired in the palms as well as the soles, and most patients with a transection at T11 or T12 had normal SSRs in the soles. These findings indicate that the central pathway mediating the SSR descends to the upper thoracic cord where connections are made with the sympathetic distribution to the palms, and then to the lower thoracic cord to reach the sympathetic outflow to the soles. This is compatible with the anatomical knowledge of the sympathetic system. Of the MS patients, 75% had abnormal SSR results. The SSR for the soles was more sensitive than that for the palms. The incidence of SSR abnormality was as high as those of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) (79%) and visual evoked potential (VEP) (75%) abnormalities. Of the patients with normal SEPs 14% had impaired SSRs and 21% had abnormal SSR with normal VEPs. When the results of these 3 tests were combined, the abnormality increased to 100%. From our study, the SSR probably reflects not only postganglionic sympathetic activity but also preganglionic function. The SSR is therefore useful in evaluating myelopathy, providing information different from that given by assessment of the somatic nervous system. Since the SSR detected a few MS lesions which were not demonstrated by other evoked potentials, it is potentially a new tool for the detection of MS lesions in addition to conventional evoked potential studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification of lysyl residues at the AMP-binding site of biodegradative threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli.

The biodegradative threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli is activated allosterically by AMP. To identify the residues interacting with the phosphate group of AMP at the binding site, we used the affinity labeling reagent, adenosine diphosphopyridoxal (AP2-PL). In the absence of AMP, the enzyme formed the Schiff base with AP2-PL and Scatchard plot analysis showed a biphasic pattern, the respective Kd values for the high- and low-affinity binding phases being 20 and 110 microM. The former value is comparable to the Kd value of the enzyme for AMP. In the presence of AMP, the Schiff base formation was greatly reduced. Although the maximal activating effect of adenosine diphosphopyridoxine, a non-reactive derivative of AP2-PL, was about 13% of that of AMP, the half-saturation concentration was almost the same. These findings suggest that AP2-PL specifically labeled the lysyl residue(s) at the AMP-binding site of the enzyme. To identify the labeled residue(s), we reduced the modified enzyme with sodium borohydride, then cleaved it with cyanogen bromide and Achromobacter lyticus protease I. Reverse-phase HPLC was used to isolate two labeled peptides from the digest. Their amino acid compositions and sequences showed that Lys-111 and Lys-113 were labeled. We conclude that these two lysyl residues are located around the phosphate group of AMP at the allosteric regulation site of the enzyme.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with selective impairment of position sense versus vibration sense.

Ten patients with selective impairment of either position sense or vibration sense were studied with somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). Five patients with spinal cord lesion (three with MS, one with spinal cord tumor and one with spinal cord injury) lost the vibration sense below the iliac crests without impairment of the position sense. However, five patients with cerebral vascular lesions involving thalamus unilaterally showed severe impairment of position sense, though there was no asymmetry as to the vibration sense. In all these cases with spinal and cerebral lesions, SEPs showed abnormalities in the distributions where the position sense was impaired and were not related to the impairment of vibration sense. Our study indicates that SEP is much better correlated with the position sense than with the vibration sense at any lesion level.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis fimbriae activate mouse peritoneal macrophages and induce gene expression and production of interleukin-1.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis fimbriae, an important structure involved in attachment of the bacteria to periodontal tissues, activate macrophages and subsequently induce gene expression and production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the cells. The fimbriae increased glucose consumption and lysozyme activity in BALB/c macrophages, both criteria of macrophage activation of peritoneal macrophages, in a dose-dependent fashion. A marked increase in the mRNA level of the c-myc gene, an oncogene, in the cells was observed after a 1-h treatment with the fimbriae, and the level decreased rapidly after 3 h. The fimbriae (4 micrograms of protein per ml) markedly induced IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta gene expression in the cells and IL-1 production. The expression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta genes measured in terms of specific mRNA increased 1 h after the start of treatment and peaked at 6 h. Such increased expression of IL-1 beta was also observed in C3H/HeJ mice, a lipopolysaccharide low-responder strain. The fimbriae stimulated transcriptional activity of IL-1 beta in the cells, but not that of IL-1 alpha. We also observed that fimbriae-induced IL-1 gene expression was not regulated by endogenous prostaglandin triggered by the fimbriae. Therefore, these observations suggest that B. gingivalis fimbriae may be involved in the pathogenesis of adult periodontal disease via triggering of IL-1 production by monocytes/macrophages in periodontal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Embryonic expression of beta-actin-lacZ hybrid gene injected into the fertilized ovum of the domestic fowl.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the expression of cloned DNA injected into the germinal disc of the chick fertilized ovum. The beta-actin-lacZ hybrid gene, MiwZ, was injected, in the closed circular form, into the cytoplasm of the germinal disc at the single-cell stage. The embryos were cultured in vitro, then in recipient eggshells up to day 4 of incubation. The survival rate of the embryos at day 4 was 42% (55/130), and the rate of embryos expressing MiwZ was 64% (35/55). Twenty-two embryos expressed the MiwZ in both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, while the remainder expressed the MiwZ in only extraembryonic tissues. Mosaic expression was observed in most of the embryos expressing MiwZ in embryonic tissues. Expression throughout all tissues of the embryo including blood cells occurred in one case. In this case, the injected DNA was assumed to have integrated at an earlier stage. The results indicate that it is now possible to investigate the promoter activities of introduced exogenous genes as well as the effect of introduced genes on embryogenesis in early chick embryos. This technique may also facilitate the production of transgenic chicks.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

Decrease in cytokine production by HIV-infected macrophages in response to LPS-mediated activation.

The capacity of human monocytes/macrophages (M/M) infected with a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) isolate to produce several immunomodulating cytokines including interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-8, and macrophage chemoattractant and activating factor (MCAF) was examined. Although HIV infection itself induced significant increases in the level of mRNAs for IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNAs for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and MCAF were decreased over those of uninfected LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, HIV-infected M/M produced lower amounts of IL-8 protein, as measured by radioimmunoassay over an 18-day culture period. These results suggest that HIV infection generally suppresses the LPS-inducible cytokine production in human M/M. The impact of the role of these cytokines in the immunity and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Monoparesis due to the brachial plexus neuritis by herpes zoster virus--report of a case].

A 73-year-old woman suffering from the acute onset monoparesis of her right arm which followed the skin eruption with mild sensory disturbance of right C4-6 level, was reported. Electrophysiological examinations revealed the brachial plexus neuritis and axonal degeneration of the proximal portion, with the evidence of herpes zoster infection. Her paresis of the right arm gradually improved without any medication during her hospital course. It was concluded that herpes zoster should be considered to be one of the causes of acute onset brachial plexopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Congenital facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy associated with tongue atrophy and sensorineural hearing disturbance].

An 18-year-old high-school boy presented facial muscle weakness since birth, and then developed wasting around the neck, shoulder girdle, upper arms, and thighs. He was born to un-consanguineous parents. His father had suffered from similar but milder muscle atrophy with predominance on the right side of the face and shoulder girdle since adolescence. His mother and his only sibling were clinically unaffected. Hearing disturbance was detected at the age of 6, and he also noted atrophy of the tongue and the bilateral thighs at the age of 10. The symptom progressed gradually. Neurological examination on admission revealed a well-developed boy (166 cm/60 kg) with a prominent facial diplegia with distinct proximal muscular atrophy of the extremities. Muscles of the tongue, neck, upper arms, shoulder and pelvic girdles, and hamstrings were markedly involved. The anterior tibial muscles were also affected, while the calf muscles were hypertrophic. High arched palate, X legs, mild lordoscoliosis were also noted. Serum CK was slightly increased (424 IU/l), and needle EMG in the extremities including the tongue revealed myopathic changes. Muscle CT demonstrated marked atrophy of the proximal muscles in the lower limbs and hypertrophy of the calf muscles. Audiogram showed bilateral sensorineural hearing disturbance. Muscle biopsy of the gastrocnemius showed myogenic as well as neurogenic changes consisting of atrophic and hypertrophic fibers with interstitial cellular infiltration, and type I fiber predominance. With these family history as well as clinical and laboratory examinations, this case could be diagnosed as "congenital facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A case of right ventricular hemangioma].

We report a case of right ventricular hemangioma which is extremely rare. It was situated on the anterior wall of the right ventricle and protruded into the out flow tract. Aortography revealed that the main feeding artery was the conus brunch. Operation was done under cardiopulmonary bypass. The tumor was situated between LAD and RCA and resected incompletely, because of the fear that complete removal would occlude blood flow of both LAD and RCA. Histological examination disclosed intramuscular hemangioma. The postoperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge, this is the second resected case in the Japanese literature and the eighth case in the world literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Expression of human epidermal growth factor and DNA ploidy pattern in gastric carcinoma].

Expression of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined immunohistologically in 93 surgically resected gastric carcinomas, using Biotin-StreptAvidin method pretreated by protease, and its relation with cancer progression and DNA ploidy pattern was studied. DNA ploidy pattern was determined by cytofluorometric measurement. The gastric cancers were divided into two basic ploidy patterns; a diploid mode and an aneuploid mode. EGF expressions were found in 5 out of 20 cases (25%) in intramucosal carcinomas and, the more deeply the carcinomas invaded into the gastric wall, the greater the frequency of EGF expressions did not always become. In the carcinomas with the aneuploid pattern, EGF expression was found only in 2 out of 12 cases (17%) in early cancers and significantly increased in advanced cancers, 15 out of 22 cases (68%). On the other hand, in the carcinomas with the diploid pattern, EGF was expressed in 9 out of 31 cases (29%) in advanced cancers, not significantly different in early cancers, 11 out of 28 cases (39%). Consequently, in advanced cancers, EGF was found more frequently in the aneuploid tumors than in the diploid tumors. These results suggested that EGF expression in the gastric carcinomas is closely correlated with the progression to the advanced cancer with DNA aneuploidy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Regional ploidy variations in signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach.

Regional ploidy variations within individual tumors were analyzed by in-situ cytofluorometry of metaphase cells in Feulgen-stained paraffin sections, using 45 resected stomachs with early and advanced signet ring cell carcinomas. Aneuploid cells were found in one of 30 early cancers and in eight of 15 advanced cancers, and were almost always accompanied by diploid cancer cells in the mucosal part of the cancers. The diploid and the aneuploid cells were generally found to be distributed in different territories in the mucosa, and aneuploid foci were often included in the diploid area. These findings suggest the diploid origin of signet ring cell carcinomas and the occurrence of aneuploidy during the tumor development. Moreover, the aneuploid cells appeared to infiltrate beyond the mucosa more readily than the diploid cells; most of the aneuploid populations already invaded the extramucosal tissue, and the cancer cells infiltrating in the extramucosal tissue were predominantly aneuploid in six of the nine cancers with aneuploidy. Thus, it appears that the occurrence of aneuploid clones may accelerate the progression of signet ring cell carcinomas from early to advanced stages.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Unusual blink reflex with four components in a patient with periodic ataxia.

Characteristic findings in blink reflex are reported in a 55-year-old female with periodic ataxia. The blink reflexes on the side ipsilateral to the stimulation consisted of four components with latencies of 11, 21, 35 and 47 ms, instead of the usual two components seen in normal subjects. On the contralateral side, the last three components were also present. The second component was different from the normal R2 response in that its latency was shorter than normal and it did not habituate by stimulation at a rate of 10 Hz. In addition, it was more affected by diazepam than the third or fourth components. It is considered that R2 may have consisted of three components and that a shorter latency of the second component could be explained by facilitation.

Ataxia↗