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Biomedical subjects

K Hill

Publications and source records attributed to K Hill.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A simple technique for assessing the propensity for crystallization of calcium oxalate and brushite in urine from the increment in oxalate or calcium necessary to elicit precipitation.

In an effort to develop a simple and reliable method with which to assess the propensity for spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate and brushite in urine, the permissible increment of oxalate and calcium was calculated. This represented the additional amount of oxalate or calcium that could be added to urine in three hours before spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate or brushite was initiated. The permissible increment of oxalate inversely correlated (P less than 0.001) with the formation-product ratio-activity-product ratio discriminant score of calcium oxalate, which was previously shown to reflect a quantitative measure of the likelihood for spontaneous nucleation. Similarly, the permissible increment of calcium inversely correlated (P less than 0.001) with the formation-product ratio-activity-product ratio discriminant score of brushite. The permissible increments in oxalate and calcium were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in patients with renal stones than in control subjects. Moreover, treatment with thiazides, allopurinol, sodium cellulose phosphate, orthophosphate, and diphosphonate significantly raised the permissible increment of oxalate in patients with stones. Thus, the permissible increment was reliable in discriminating "stone-forming" from control urine and in assessing response to treatment.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

Contrasting effects of potassium citrate and sodium citrate therapies on urinary chemistries and crystallization of stone-forming salts.

Effects of potassium citrate therapy (60 mEq/day) on urinary chemistries and crystallization were compared to those of sodium citrate treatment in five patients with uric acid lithiasis. Both alkali treatments significantly increased urinary pH (P less than 0.001), from 5.35 +/- 0.18 SD to 6.68 +/- 0.14 for potassium citrate and 6.73 +/- 0.20 for sodium citrate. During potassium citrate therapy, urinary calcium significantly declined from 154 +/- 47 mg/day to 99 +/- 23 mg/day (P less than 0.01) and urinary citrate rose from 398 +/- 119 mg/day to 856 +/- 103 mg/day (P less than 0.001). The urinary saturation (activity product ratio) of calcium oxalate decreased from 3.21-fold to 1.69-fold saturation (P less than 0.01), and the inhibitor activity against calcium oxalate precipitation (formation product ratio) significantly increased. However, sodium citrate therapy did not significantly decrease urinary calcium (to 139 +/- 24 mg/day), although it increased urinary citrate substantially (to 799 +/- 89 mg/day, P less than 0.01). Urinary environment became supersaturated with respect to brushite (calcium phosphate) and monosodium urate. The inhibitor activity against calcium oxalate precipitation was not significantly altered for the whole group; in two patients, it decreased by more than 30%. The results indicate that (1) both alkali therapies are equally effective in preventing uric acid stone formation because of their ability to increase urinary pH, and (2) potassium citrate may prevent the complication of calcium nephrolithiasis in patients with uric acid stones, whereas sodium citrate may not.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of amiloride with or without hydrochlorothiazide on urinary calcium and saturation of calcium salts.

To assess the therapeutic role of amiloride in calcium nephrolithiasis, seven patients with renal stones were evaluated before and after 1 month of treatment each with amiloride (2.5 mg twice daily), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg, twice daily), and both drugs at the same dosages. Although amiloride alone reduced urinary calcium in only two patients, it caused a slightly more prominent decline in urinary calcium when added to hydrochlorothiazide treatment in five patients. The urinary saturation of stone-forming salts (brushite and calcium oxalate) decreased significantly during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with amiloride. Although the decrease in brushite saturation was slightly more marked with the combined treatment, the reduction in calcium oxalate saturation was equivalent during the two treatment phases. Although serum potassium was significantly reduced during combined treatment with amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide, this reduction was not as prominent as that occurring during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide alone. The results suggest that the addition of amiloride to hydrochlorothiazide treatment in calcium nephrolithiasis may be advantageous, because of its stimulation, though slight, of the thiazide-induced reduction of urinary calcium and saturation of calcium phosphate and because it may avert the development of severe hypokalemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[A note on the use of information concerning the residence of surviving siblings to estimate emigration].

"Two improvements are presented in the previously developed method for measuring international emigration based on information provided by surviving siblings. The first is a simplification of the procedure for estimating surviving siblings when the information does not exist because they all live abroad. The second...is a procedure for estimating the distribution by age of the surviving emigrant siblings using models." The improved procedures are applied to data for Barbados. (summary in ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of fracturing renal osteodystrophy by desferrioxamine.

Aluminium removal by desferrioxamine chelation has been demonstrated in three long-term haemodialysis patients with dialysis encephalopathy and fracturing renal osteodystrophy. Aluminium concentrations in serum and in both bone marrow and bone trabeculae, determined separately in transiliac biopsy specimens, fell significantly over the treatment period. Bone aluminium removal was confirmed by specific histochemical staining. In two patients osteomalacia disappeared, and in two patients osteitis fibrosa emerged but improved in one following vitamin D therapy. We conclude that desferrioxamine is capable of mobilising aluminium from bone and that the calcification defect in fracturing renal osteodystrophy may be overcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The different sequelea of hyaline membranes in the adult and in the newborn (author's transl)].

The sequelae of pulmonary hyaline membrane in the newborn and in the adult are demonstrated. At both ages the forming and the increased cellularity of the alveolar interstitium are identical. The latter is accompanied by a reduction of the number of capillaries and tends to change into interstitial fibrosis. The further outcome of the intraalveolar exudate is different: in the newborn the hyaline membranes are completely dissolved whereas they are organized in the adult. In the late stages of this process the lung of the newborn shows varying diameters of alveoli and squamous metaplasias of the bronchiolar epithelium. These changes are known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and impress as honey-comb lung in x-ray. As explanations of the different reactions to pulmonary hyaline membranes preexisting damage in the lung of the adult, a different function of the macrophage system, a different resistance against toxins, disturbances of blood circulation and the postnatal continuing growth of the lung of the newborn are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mineral oil vacuum distillation method for nitrosamines in fried bacon, with thermal energy analyzer: collaborative study.

Nine laboratories participated in a collaborative study of a method for determining 6 nitrosamines, dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine, dibutylnitrosamine, nitrosopiperidine, nitrosopyrrolidine, and nitrosomorpholine, in the 5-17 ppb range. The coefficients of variation for repeatability were 10.8, 8.5, 10.4, 8.5, 8.7, and 7.8% with corresponding coefficients of variation for reproducibility of 16.4, 12.0, 13.6, 10.8, 11.2, and 10.3% and recoveries of 89.6, 91.6, 84.7, 90.0, 89.6, and 88.1%, respectively. The method was adopted official first action.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Notes on estimating the age distribution of emigrant surviving children].

"A procedure is described to obtain an age distribution of emigrant surviving children from the reports of such children obtained from women by a census or survey. A simple form of the procedure, requiring a minimum of calculation, is shown to work almost as well as the more elaborate form, and is recommended for most uses. "These new procedures, explicitly introducing an age model of migration, yield age distributions which are substantially different from, and probably more realistic than those obtained through the use of model fertility and mortality schedules alone.... The age distributions of migrant children [in Colombia] as obtained in this paper are compared with those obtained by Somoza.... The procedure described here produces a total almost 10 percent higher because it shifts the age distribution of the migrant children towards higher ages with lower proportions of surviving mothers." (summary in ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The use of hypothetical cohorts in estimating demographic parameters under conditions of changing fertility and mortality.

The indirect methods of demographic estimation available to date are often inadequate to estimate levels in the presence of trends. The use of measures relative to hypothetical cohorts to minimize the effects of trends and estimate period levels is described. Procedures allowing the estimation of inter-survey levels of fertility, child mortality and adult mortality are illustrated using data from Thailand and Peru.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Kawasaki syndrome (author's transl)].

In a 2-year 4-month-old boy endarteritic changes and spindle-shaped aneurysmas of the coronary arteries were found as a complication of Kawasaki syndrome. The vascular alteration, probably immunopathologically based, must be differentiated as a primary endarteritic process from primary necrotising periateritis nodosa which also occurs in childhood. The fate of the affected children is determined by the complications of coronary artery changes which however occur only in 1--2% of affected persons.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

[Lethal course of myocarditis successive to polymyositis].

The clinical course and post mortem findings of a 57 year old woman stuffering from polymyositis are reported. Besides the symptoms of the inflammatory musculoskeletal process the myocardial involvement finally gaines importance leading to the fatal outcome. Therefore the indication to early preventive pacemaker implantation is recommended in all cases of myocardial involvement with symptoms of conduction defects.

Adipose Tissue↗