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Biomedical subjects

K Heinonen

Publications and source records attributed to K Heinonen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Pain management in newborn infants].

Even new-born babies require adequate medication for painful surgery. It is not known whether they experience suffering in the same way, but physiological changes show that newborn, even premature, babies feel pain. It is incumbent on the doctor to identify the situations which may cause pain and treat the child. Inasmuch as the pharmacokinetics of drugs is more individual and diverse in neonates than in older children the probability of side-effects must be borne in mind.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal septicaemia in Finland 1981-85. Predominance of group B streptococcal infections with very early onset.

A survey of blood culture-confirmed neonatal septicaemia was carried out in seven delivery hospitals in 1981-85, for a second successive five-year period. The total number of cases was 377, to compare with 410 in the previous five-year period. Group B streptococcus (GBS) was throughout the major pathogen (29%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15%) and Escherichia coli (14%), while Staphylococcus epidermidis (10%) has emerged as a significant new causative agent. Septicaemia with very early onset was predominant: 49% of the cases had onset within the first 24 hours; in the majority the symptoms were present from birth. GBS was responsible for 49% of the cases detected in the first 24 hours of life. The overall mortality was 20% as compared to 23% in the previous five-year period, whereas in the very early onset septicaemia mortality was now 18%, down from the preceding 30%. Despite the modest progress, GBS septicaemia with very early onset remains a significant problem, and effective preventive measures are needed.

Finland↗
PubMed1989

Retained placenta in cattle: the effect of treatment or nontreatment on puerperal diseases and subsequent fertility.

In order to examine the effect of treated and untreated retained placenta (RP) on fertility and on the occurrence of puerperal and fertility diseases, the records of 248 cows with RP were examined: 199 cows were treated with intrauterine tetracycline or systemic therapeutics, and 49 were left untreated. One hundred and ninety-six herd mates without RP served as controls. The fertility of the cows with RP was lower than that of the controls. The effect of treatment on fertility was neither beneficial nor harmful. The untreated cows with RP seemed to be treated more often for endometritis and repeat breeding than either the treated animals or the controls. Mastitis within 1 week after calving was more common in both groups of RP cows than in the controls. Most cases of mastitis in the treated RP group could be diagnosed at the time of RP treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Survival of the smallest. Time trends and determinants of mortality in a very preterm population during the 1980s.

In a regionally representative preterm birth cohort, the fetal to first year survival of very preterm infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or less increased from 54% to 66% between 1978 and 1986. This improvement was due to a fall in numbers of stillbirths while neonatal mortality either declined or remained the same. Only among extremely immature preterm babies born at 26 weeks or less was improvement in fetal survival counteracted by an increase in neonatal mortality. Fewer than 5% of complete fetal to first year deaths occurred postneonatally. After the age of 26 gestational weeks, intrauterine growth retardation was a major unfavourable factor, associated with a 3-fold increase in neonatal mortality.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Effect of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on the psychological performance of preterm children at preschool age.

The present paper forms part of a larger prospective study and reports on the psychological performance of preterm children (n = 68) and fullterm control children (n = 36) at preschool age. Intelligence quotients (IQs) of intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) preterm children were lower than those of appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm children or fullterm controls at preschool age. Specific deficiencies (visuomotor, language) were found in 30% of the IUGR group and in 9% of the AGA group. When measuring general intellectual capacity, specific areas of intellectual function should be included by means of appropriate psychological tests, because a child may have a normal IQ but still show specific deficiencies.

Attention↗
PubMed1988

Cytogenetic study of 105 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 105 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Adequate mitoses for study were obtained in 79 of the cases (71%). A normal karyotype was found in 18 patients (23%), while clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 61 patients (77%). The karyotypes fell into five categories according to modal number: normal (18 patients), pseudodiploid (27 patients), hypodiploid (3 patients), hyperdiploid with 47-50 chromosomes (11 patients), and hyperdiploid with greater than or equal to 51 chromosomes (20 patients). Structural chromosome changes were found in 50 patients (63%); translocations were encountered in 15 of these patients (19%). The chromosome most often participating in translocations was number 19. Modal number was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Modal numbers 47-50 were associated with the poorest prognosis. The hyperdiploid clone with more than 50 chromosomes and the normal karyotype had the best prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prematurity-associated morbidity during the first two years of life. A population-based study.

Two-year patterns of postneonatal morbidity, both chronic and non-chronic, reported for all liveborn preterm infants (n = 612; malformations excluded) delivered in the province of Kuopio, Finland, between 1978 and 1982. The overall readmission rate was 30%, the commonest cause being respiratory infections, surgical disorders (inguinal hernias) and neurological problems. The higher readmission rate in preterms born at less than or equal to 33 weeks of gestation was due to a large proportion of children being admitted with chronic prematurity-associated conditions; preterms without chronic disabilities had similar rates of readmission irrespective of gestational age. Neonatal treatment variables were of little help in the identification of children requiring readmission after neonatal care. Instead, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or being of the male sex significantly increased the risk of subsequent readmission.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Occurrence, predictive factors and associated morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a preterm birth cohort.

The occurrence, predictive factors and associated morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was examined in a preterm birth cohort of 712 children, born before 37 weeks of gestation to residents of a geographically defined area between 1978-82. All cases of BPD (N = 16) were born at or before 32 weeks of gestation. The incidence of BPD, based on status at the age of 28 days, was 1 per 1000 live births, but 135 per 1000 live preterms born at or before 32 weeks. Most cases of BPD developed following respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), only one case developing after minimal respiratory symptoms was observed. BPD infants had higher neonatal morbidity, even when compared with preterms of equal gestational maturity, but only a few variables had predictive value with respect to the future development of BPD. Radiologic grading of RDS and associated early cardiologic signs did not increase their predictivity regarding the subsequent development of BPD. Two (12.5%) of the 16 BPD infants died postneonatally. The unfavorable effects of BPD on the health status of preterm infants extended far beyond the neonatal period. The BPD group, which consisted only of 18% of neonatal survivors born at less than or equal to 32 weeks, consumed 53% of all hospital days used by these preterms during the first two years of life. In particular, BPD survivors had markedly more respiratory infections (63%), more neurologic sequelae (37%) and more cases of retrolental fibroplasia (12%) than their non-BPD counterparts.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1987

Neurodevelopmental screening of in utero growth-retarded prematurely born children before school age.

As part of a prospective follow-up study of two premature cohorts (gestational age less than or equal to 36 weeks) born between 1976 and 1977, designed to evaluate the effects of IUGR on morbidity, mortality and neurological development in prematurely born children, 71 prematurely born children (48 AGA, 23 IUGR) without major neurological handicaps were subjected to detailed assessment of their neurological and psychological status at the age of 4 years. Thirty-six healthy full-term children formed a control group. The socioeconomic status of the families of the premature groups was similar to that of the families of the control group. The assessment consisted of a neurodevelopmental screening test and four psychological tests. Validation of the NDS test in relation to proven cognitive problems (sensitivity 96%, specificity 64%, relative risk 16.74) and determination of normal ranges were based on findings in the control group. There were significantly more children with moderate to high risk scores (greater than or equal to 10) among the IUGR group than among the AGA group. The neurodevelopmental profile of the preterm IUGR group was characterized by complex deviations of motor, visual and perceptual functions from normal. Preterm AGA children had only slightly higher risk scores in relation to fine motor, upper motor and perceptive functions than control children. Of the various perinatal factors studied, IUGR (especially in relation to boys who needed respirator therapy) was the most likely to be associated with abnormal NDS scores before school age.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗