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Biomedical subjects

K Haram

Publications and source records attributed to K Haram.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serum protein pattern in normal pregnancy with special reference to acute-phase reactants.

The concentrations of acute-phase protein reactants, total protein, albumin and globulin fractions were measured throughout normal pregnancy in 27 women. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin concentrations increased gradually to reach their highest levels in the third trimester. Orosomucoid and haptoglobin showed similar patterns: higher levels in the first and third trimester with a decline around 24 weeks gestation. C-Reactive protein showed levels similar to those of non-pregnant healthy individuals (less than 5 mg/l) throughout pregnancy. alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta-Globulin concentrations increased from the first trimester towards term. gamma-Globulin concentration changed little during gestation. The data obtained provide reference ranges for serum proteins in healthy pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Haemoconcentration in severe pre-eclampsia.

The last maternal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration before delivery was related to the perinatal outcome in 87 non-anaemic women suffering from severe pre-eclampsia. Abnormally high Hb concentrations were found in most women with evidence of placental dysfunction. An inverse correlation was found between the centile weight of the newborn and the maternal Hb. Significantly higher Hb levels were found in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation and perinatal distress compared with those in pregnancies with good outcomes. Particularly high levels were found in pregnancies that ended in perinatal deaths. The hypothesis is put forward that raised haemoconcentration during severe pre-eclampsia causes increased blood viscosity which predisposes to placental pathology and initiates a vicious circle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of the placental transfer of thiopental and diazepam in caesarean section.

Drug concentrations were measured in whole blood obtained from mother and child after induction of general anaesthesia with thiopental or diazepam and delivery by Caesarean section. In 27 cases given thiopental 3 mg/kg intravenously the 5-min child/mother concentration ratio rose with increasing injection-delivery (I-D) interval up to 8-10 min. The concentration in the newborn at 2 h showed a similar trend. In 30 cases given diazepam 0.3 mg/kg for sleep induction, there were some low values in cases delivered within 4 min after the injection. However, higher neonatal concentrations and child/mother ratios were observed when the operation lasted 4-5 min, and there was no further increase in cases with longer I-D intervals. There is evidence to suggest that net transfer to the fetus proceeds at a slower rate with thiopental than with diazepam. However, in the present series of low risk elective Caesarean sections, there was no appreciable difference between the induction agents with regard to their effect on the newborn infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of thiopentone and diazepam as induction agents of anaesthesia for Caesarean section.

Clinical effects of thiopentone (3 mg/kg body weight) and diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) were compared for elective caesarean sections in two groups of 43 and 39 women, respectively. They were given general anaesthesia in left lateral tilt. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were moderately elevated at onset of surgery in both groups, probably indicating light anaesthesia. Later, a gradual decrease to the preinduction levels was observed. The mean injection-delivery (I-D) interval was 344 s in the thiopentone group and 339 s in the diazepam group. The I-D intervals were shorter than 10 min in 39 of the cases in the thiopentone group and 38 cases in the diazepam group. Low Apgar scores at 1 min (6 or less) occurred in five of the neonates in each group, while all had normal Apgar scores at 5 min ( 7 or mor) As judged by the Apgar scores and the acid-base status of umbilical cord blood, the effects of the induction agents on the neonatal condition were indistinguishable in the two groups. In the thiopentone group, unpleasant recollections were reported in 5 out of 40 patients (12.5%) compared to none in the diazepam group. Diazepam-nitrous oxide anaesthesia is well accepted by the mothers and is alternative to supplementing thiopentone induction with a volatile gas for patients who have previous experienced wakefulness or express fear of awareness. The main drawback with diazepam induction, however, is the slow induction of sleep. Harmful drug effects on the neonates must be expected if the dose has to be increased in order to ensure sleep.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1980

Diazepam as an induction agent for caesarean section: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study of fetal drug exposure.

The transplacental passage and clinical effects of diazepam have been studied in 30 patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. General anaesthesia was induced with diazepam (20 mg) and maintained with nitrous oxide/oxygen. The time from completed intravenous injection of diazepam to clamping of the umbilical cord varied from 184 to 810 seconds. The concentrations of diazepam in serial blood samples obtained from the mothers, the umbilical cord and the newborn infants demonstrated that the transplacental passage of the drug was rapid and there was evidence that the distribution of the drug between the mother and the fetus came close to equilibrium. There was no consistent relation between Apgar scores and the extent of the fetal exposure to diazepam.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Foetal drug exposure following intravenous injection of diazepam immediately before breech delivery.

The transplacental passage of diazepam (DZ) was studied in 32 cases of vaginal breech delivery. DZ (30 mg) was injected intravenously 15--170 seconds before delivery in order to induce sleep, and general anaesthesia was maintained with N2O/O2. The concentration of DZ was measured in blood obtained from the mother, the umbilical cord and the newborn. In the majority of the infants the drug concentrations in mixed cord blood and in capillary blood at the age of 2 hours were lower than previously observed in infants with cephalic presentations delivered by forceps. The short injection-delivery (I-D) intervals in breech deliveries may limit the transfer of drug to the foetus, but cord compression and circulatory changes may also lead to reduced materno-foetal exchange of DZ.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Transplacental passage of diazepam during labor: influence of uterine contractions.

The rate of transplacental passage of diazepam (DZ) has been studied in 33 cases of cephalic presentation where operative forceps delivery was indicated by intrauterine hypoxia or by prolonged second stage of labor. The drug (30 mg) was injected intravenously immediately before delivery either during uterine contractions (Group I) or in the relaxation period (Group II) according to a randomized protocol. As judged by the concentration in the newborn and the child/mother concentration ratio at 2 hr after delivery, and the concentration on the second day, the fetal exposure to the drug was probably less when the injection was timed to coincide with uterine contractions. In the group of patients given the drug in the relaxation period, the injection-delivery (I-D) interval was up to 305 sec and the 2-hr child/mother concentration ratio was close to unity in some cases. It therefore appears that the transplacental passage of DZ is rapid when the high initial concentrations in the maternal circulation coincide with favorable conditions for transfer in the relaxation period. Although sleep was induced by the injection of DZ in all of the mothers, the amounts of drug transferred during the short I-D intervals in the present study did not exert delterious effects on the newborn infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy treated with clotrimazole.

An open trial of local clotrimazole therapy in 56 pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by mycotic culture. The patients were given one vaginal tablet daily and cream was applied to the vulva 2 or 3 times daily. Their male partners were treated with cream only. The duration of therapy was 6 days. Fifty of the patients (89.3%) were clinically cured after 6 days of therapy. Six patients (10.7%) had slight complaints and 10 (17.9%) without symptoms or signs of infection harboured Candida albicans or other yeast species in the genital tract. Six of the patients were given a second treatment with clotrimazole and their remaining symptoms subsided. Candidiasis recurred later in pregnancy in 4 of the 56 patients studied. The implications of the presence of Candida in the genital tract are discussed. It is concluded that clotrimazole is an effective antimycotic agent which can be used for vulvovaginal candidasis during pregnancy without causing side effects. Two of the patients had trichomoniasis concurrently. One of these was cured with clotrimazole.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

Rubella reinfection.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1977

Ketamine and diazepam as anaesthesia for forceps delivery. A comparative study.

In a clinically controlled trial in forceps delivery, a comparison was made between the general anaesthesia induced by ketamine and that by a combination of diazepam and N2O. Local anaesthesia was added in the diazepam group for episiotomy and suturation. The indication for operative delivery was in all cases a prolonged second stage of labour. In the katamine group, awareness was noted in four cases out of 13, even if the analgesic effect was found to be good. Four patients showed marked, short-lasting elevation of blood pressure and seven had unpleasant dreams. All thirteen mothers in the diazepam group found the anesthesia effective and the recovery pleasant. The blood pressure was stable. One mother in each group required ventilation with oxygen due to respiratory depression of short duration. Three of the children in the ketamine group and two in the diazepam group had subnormal Apgar score with slight acidosis. This was probably not attributable to the anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Transplacental passage of ketamine after intravenous administration.

This study was designed to measure how fast and at what concentrations ketamine would enter the foeto-placental circulation, when administered intravenously to 10 healthy mothers immediately before forceps delivery, which was indicated by a delayed second stage of labour. It is shown that ketamine very rapidly passes the placenta, and that ketamine levels in cord blood exceed the levels in the maternal venous blood as early as 1 min 37 s after the injection. The ketamine levels in cord blood reach a maximum in the period 1 min 37 s to 2 min 5 s after the injection. Later they show a tendency to decline. A short-lasting, marked elevation of blood pressure was produced by the ketamine anaesthesia. Two of the newborn showed low Apgar scores at 1 min. In one of them this was probably attributable to the anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Alveolar soft part sarcoma. Report of a case.

In 1967 an 18-year-old woman was operated on because of a tumour in her right thigh, of which she had been aware for one year. Histological examination led to a diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Re-excision of the area was performed but not amputation of the extremity. Ten years later the woman is in good health. She is married and has two children. The patient must be kept under observation for years and should local recurrence arise, amputation will probably be necessary.

Adolescent↗