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Biomedical subjects

K Harada

Publications and source records attributed to K Harada.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Spontaneous mutations modifying the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Drosophila melanogaster.

In a marked-inversion balanced lethal system of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, mutations were accumulated under minimum pressure of natural selection in 1000 individual lines that originated essentially from two individuals. After about 300 generations, the specific activities of alcohol dehydrogenase of 69 randomly selected individual lines were measured with replications using four replicated vials (on 2 days--two replications per day) by observing the reduction of NAD+ to NADH at 340 nm. Total soluble protein as the basis of standardization of enzyme activity was measured by the Lowry method for each vial. A control experiment was made immediately after the establishment of 20 individual lines from a single genotype. A significant increase in genetic variance was observed among the mutation-accumulating lines but was not detected in the control experiment. The statistical analysis of the data on the basis of the one-band/one-gene hypothesis suggests that many mutations controlling the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase occurred in regions different from the alcohol dehydrogenase locus itself, mainly in the noncoding DNA. Furthermore, it is suggested that transposon-like elements are related to the induction of these changes in alcohol dehydrogenase specific activities. Additional experimental evidence supporting this conclusion is also given.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1984

Immunobiologically active lipid A analogs synthesized according to a revised structural model of natural lipid A.

Synthetic lipid A analogs which have two amide-bound and two ester-bound (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl groups at the C-2 and -2' and C-3 and -3' positions of beta(1-6)glucosamine disaccharide mono- or diphosphates showed high activities in most in vitro assays, and the lethality of a diphosphate derivative to galactosamine-treated mice was almost comparable to that of natural lipid A. The pyrogenicity and Shwartzman induction activity of the synthetic analogs, however, were much less than those of natural lipid A.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Use of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, in the management of the postpneumonectomy pleural space.

After a pneumonectomy in patients of advanced age with lung cancer, overinflation of the contralateral lung causes a further emphysematous change. This aggravation of emphysematous disturbances occasionally leads to serious cardiopulmonary dysfunctions. Therefore, we have devised a new therapeutic method which consists in injecting sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, an inert gas, into the postpneumonectomy pleural space so as to maintain the chest cavity. As SF6 gas is slowly absorbed through the pleura, gas injection at intervals of 6 months can maintain a clear pleural space with neither retention of pleural effusion nor deformity of the thorax. As a result, in 23 patients who were treated by this method, overinflation of the contralateral lung after unilateral pneumonectomy could be prevented, and respiratory functions could be improved, i.e., the vital capacity increased about 20% and the residual volume decreased over 20% after SF6 gas injection. All patients have been in good condition of their performance status, and it was not disadvantageous to continue the SF6 gas injection for a long term such as several years.

Empyema, Tuberculous↗
PubMed1984

Restoration of pulmonary functions after reinflation in chronic atelectasis.

Recovery of the lungs after the reinflation of chronic atelectasis was studied experimentally using adult dogs. Obstructive absorption atelectasis was induced by banding the left main bronchus with a thin metallic plate. Tests were conducted 1 month after reinflation of the lungs. In the group of dogs which had suffered atelectasis for 3 months, static compliance and pulmonary blood flow were decreased by half at 1 month after reinflation; the conditions of reduced PO2, increased A-aDO2, and increased shunt flow rate in the affected lung persistently continued, and histological findings also showed collapse of the majority of alveoli and dilatation of the peripheral bronchioli, while macroscopically the lungs appeared to be aerated. It was therefore assumed that further aeration of the alveolar areas was impossible. The pulmonary function of the dogs within 1 month of atelectasis was restored to the same degree as that of the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Studies on an antibiotic, albocycline VII. Minor components of albocycline.

As an approach to the search for new potentially useful macrolide antibiotics, we explored the minor components of albocycline (ALB) from the culture broth of Streptomyces bruneogriseus. Eight minor components were isolated and their structures were confirmed as 1 approximately 8. Unexpectedly, they were not glycosidic compounds but only oxidation or reduction products of ALB. Three or four of them will serve as a useful intermediate to introduce amino sugar moiety into ALB skeleton.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Structural investigation of the antibiotic sporaviridin. X. Isolation and characterization of components of N-acetylsporaviridins.

Isolation and characterization of the major components of N-acetylsporaviridins, a derivative obtained by treatment of sporaviridins with acetic anhydride in methanol were carried out. The isolation procedure as shown in Scheme 1 gave successfully six components whose molecular weights are all about 2,200. Each component was suggested to be a glycosidic compound consisting of a macrocyclic lactone, one of viridopentaoses, a D-glucose and an N-acetyl-L-vancosamine by various spectral data.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

A case of pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea.

An unusual tumor of the trachea was found in a 76-year-old woman. The tumor resembled an adenoid cystic carcinoma in having many cystic spaces, but the fairly uniform tumor cells gradually merged with the myxomatous or hyalinous stroma, and foci of squamous metaplasia and glycogen-rich adenoma-like components were also observed. S-100 protein was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the tumor cells. This tumor was diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) of the trachea.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Preservation of the nipple and areola for breast cancer--histopathological study on cancerous involvement of the nipple and areola].

In 141 mastectomy specimens, performed for invasive or non-invasive carcinomas, histopathologic study was performed to assess the extent of nipple-areola involvement by the tumor. In this study, patients were excluded when 1) the tumor was located beneath the areola, 2) nipple and/or areola abnormalities were clinically present. Tumor involvement of the nipple and/or areola was found in 44 of 141 specimens (31%), with intraductal growth in 36 (82%) of 44, stromal invasion in 3 (7%) and ductal & stromal invasion in 5 (11%). Analysis of nipple-areolar involvement with consideration of the different variables indicates that it occurred in association with tumor size, tumor-areola distance and histological type. Such information provides clinically relevant guide lines in decision making for limited breast surgery.

Breast Neoplasms↗