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Biomedical subjects

K Harada

Publications and source records attributed to K Harada.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction with extension to the cervical esophagus].

A 51-year-old woman with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (E-G J), which spread from the E-G J to the cervical esophagus, is reported. Only two cases of carcinoma in the E-G J with the extension of the tumor to the upper or middle portion of the intrathoracic esophagus have been reported in the Japanese literature in the past two decades and there have been no previous reports of E-G J carcinoma with extension to the cervical esophagus. At first, the invasion to the esophagus in our case was thought to be continuous. Histological examination, however, revealed that the tumor in the esophagus was discontinuous in some portions and that the lymph vessels were remarkably invaded. These findings suggested that the extension of the tumor to the esophagus was lymphogenous metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Galactose-specific lectin in the hemolymph of solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. Molecular, binding and functional properties.

Galactose-specific lectin isolated from the hemolymph of solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, has been further characterized. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin is Ca2+-dependent. The lectin has a large molecular form as revealed by gel-permeation chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium and velocity measurement, and electron microscopic observation. The lectin is adsorbed to columns of blue-Sepharose and phenyl-Sepharose, and eluted with ethylene glycol, not with lactose or high concentration of NaCl. The lectin shows a stimulatory effect on the superoxide anion production by guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the effect is inhibited, among various sugars, most strongly by melibiose.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Role of the nucleus of the optic tract in monkeys in relation to optokinetic nystagmus.

Nine monkeys were used in order to clarify the role of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in the generation of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). In 3 monkeys whose NOTs were almost totally damaged, optokinetic stimulus toward the lesioned side failed to generate either eye deviation or OKN and revealed only voluntary saccades, whereas that toward the side contralateral to the lesion generated normal gain of OKN. The phenomenon was identical in either monocular or binocular stimulation. In two of 3 monkeys whose NOTs were partially destroyed, optokinetic stimulus toward the lesioned side produced OKN, but the gain of OKN, but the gain of OKN was at maximum less than 60% in both binocular and monocular stimulation. In the remaining one monkey whose NOT was injured, but superficially, OKN showed normal gain in both directions. In 3 other monkeys whose NOTs were spared, this OKN asymmetry was not observed. Pursuit and saccadic eye movements were normal in all NOT-lesioned monkeys. Visually induced eye movements in the vertical axis were likewise normal. The present experiment suggests that the NOT in monkeys may be the first relay station in the horizontal optokinetic path and that in primates as in non-primates both crossed and uncrossed fibers reach motor centers for OKN via the NOT.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Involvement of lysophospholipase D in the production of lysophosphatidic acid in rat plasma.

A vasoactive lipid present in rat plasma that had been incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h was identified as lysophosphatidic acid with the following fatty acid composition: palmitic acid (25.2%), stearic acid (8.4%), oleic acid (7.0%), linoleic acid (44.4%) and arachidonic acid (11.9%). The involvement of lysophospholipase D in the production of lysophosphatidic acid was suggested on the basis of extensive analyses of phospholipids in the plasma. Results indicated that lysophospholipase D hydrolyzed polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines preferentially to the saturated species. Exogenously added platelet activating factor was found to be first converted to its lyso derivative by an acetylhydrolase in rat plasma and then degraded by lysophospholipase D to 1-alkyllysophosphatidic acid to a similar extent with exogenously added lyso derivative of platelet activating factor; their percent conversions to lysophosphatidic acid were higher than those of saturated 1-acyllysophosphatidylcholines, but lower than those of polyunsaturated 1-acyllysophosphatidylcholines.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treadmill exercise test in children with cardiomyopathy and postmyocarditic myocardial hypertrophy.

The treadmill exercise test with the Bruce protocol was performed in three patients with post-myocarditic myocardial hypertrophy (PMH) and ten patients with cardiomyopathy, including three with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), five with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), and two with hypertrophic and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM). The endurance time was below the normal level in all but one case and was normal or near normal in the three cases with PMH. ST depression was observed in five cases, none of which were of HCM. A marked increase in amplitude of the negative phase of the P wave in V1 was observed in one patient with DCM. The response of blood pressure during the exercise was abnormal in patients with DCM and HCM but was normal in PMH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Mechanisms of acute gastric mucosal lesion accompanying obstructive jaundice--role of bile acids in plasma.

The mechanism of acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) accompanying obstructive jaundice was studied in male Wistar rats, with special reference to the effect of bile acids in plasma on mucosubstances in the gastric mucosa. Following ligation of the common bile duct, total plasma level of bile acids increased 24 folds over the control level, and gastric mucosal mucus contents, measured biochemically or histochemically, significantly decreased. Effect of increased bile acids in the blood stream on the gastric mucosa was estimated by continuous intravenous administration of sodium taurocholate. After 24 hours infusion, both gastric acid output and gastric mucus contents significantly decreased. Further imposition of restraint and water immersion stress produced AGML significantly earlier than in control rats with continuous intravenous infusion of 0.9% NaCl. These data suggest that the increased plasma level of bile acids play an important role on the reduction of the gastric-mucosal defense mechanism in obstructive jaundice directly through their toxic effects, and that this easily results in the formation of AGML under additional stresses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Cranial coverage involving scalp, bone and dura using free inferior epigastric flap.

Four cases of successful reconstruction of scalp and skull defects are described. The advantages of the free inferior epigastric flap are that it is large enough to cover massive defects of the head and has an excellent vascular pedicle which allows it to be directly sutured to recipient vessels in the neck without interpositional vein grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Electronystagmographic assessment of cerebellar lesions.

Remarkable progress has been achieved in the neurophysiological study of the cerebellum. Based on these neurophysiological data, electronystagmographic (ENG) assessment of cerebellar lesions was made to ascertain to what extent cerebellar lesions could be diagnosed. In 13 patients out of 17 whose lesions were mainly localized on one side through CT, cerebellar lesions could be diagnosed by electronystagmographic findings. In the 1 patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of the remaining 4, asymptomatic cerebellar infarction was detected unexpectedly through CT. In the remaining 3 patients, differential diagnosis from brainstem lesions was difficult to evaluate on the basis of ENG findings. In 13 patients showing cerebellar signs and symptoms, pursuit eye movements, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus were impaired on both sides, suggesting large mass effects upon the bilateral brainstem. However, either rebound nystagmus or opposing positioning nystagmus characteristic of cerebellar lesions was detected in 13 patients (81%). The same was true in patients with bilateral cerebellar lesions. ENG test, however, could not detect any patients who showed neither cerebellar signs nor symptoms. Further investigations are needed to supplement the gap between basic and clinical research.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1986

The 2-electron reduction of sperm whale ferryl myoglobin by ethanol.

Upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide or ethyl hydroperoxide to sperm whale metmyoglobin (MbIII) in the presence of ethanol, MbIII was converted to oxymyoglobin (MbIIO2) under aerobic conditions and carboxymyoglobin (MbIICO) under CO-saturated conditions. MbIIO2 and MbIICO were also formed when ethanol was added to ferryl myoglobin (MbIV) which had been formed from the reaction of MbIII with hydrogen peroxide. From the stoichiometry, the primary reaction was formulated as follows. MbIV + ethanol----MbII + acetaldehyde The reaction was optimal at pH 7.0-7.5. Sperm whale ferryl myoglobin was reduced less effectively by methanol and n-butanol, but not at all by sec- and tert-butanols. The reduction of ferryl hemoproteins by ethanol was slower with horse heart myoglobin and was not observed with bovine hemoglobin or horseradish peroxidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Low endotoxic activities of synthetic Salmonella-type lipid A with an additional acyloxyacyl group on the 2-amino group of beta (1-6) glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphate.

A synthetic lipid A (Salmonella type, compound 516), beta (1-6)-linked D-glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphate, with three acyloxyacyl groups and one hydroxyacyl group, i.e., (R)-3-hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoyl, (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl, (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl, and (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups at the 2-amino, 3-hydroxyl, 2'-amino, and 3'-hydroxyl groups, respectively, was less biologically active than the synthetic Escherichia coli-type lipid A (compound 506), which has only two acyloxyacyl groups at the 2' and 3' positions and is substituted with a (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl group at the 2-amino group. Compound 516 exhibited considerably weaker pyrogenic and leukopenic activity than compound 506, and it scarcely prepared rabbit skin for the Shwartzman reaction and lacked lethal toxicity on chicken embryos, although its lethal toxicity in galactosamine-loaded mice was as strong as that of compound 506. Compound 516 was also less active than compound 506 or natural E. coli lipid A (from Restrain F515) in other biological test systems, such as the Limulus test, stimulation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and interferon-inducing activity but not for interleukin-1 induction or complement activation. This observation suggests that there is an optimal number of acyloxyacyl groups on the glucosamine backbone for producing the biological activities of lipid A, especially the endotoxic activities. The 4'-monophosphate analog (compound 514) of compound 516 in general had significantly weaker activity than compound 516 in the above assays, most probably because of its greater hydrophobicity and consequently lower solubility in assay systems. Bacterial R595 lipid A derived from S. minnesota Re-mutant, which is a mixture of compounds 516 and 506, their 4'-monophosphate analogs and other compounds, exerted intermediate degrees of activity between compounds 506 and 516 in the various test systems employed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Immunobiological activities of synthetic lipid A analogs with low endotoxicity.

Synthetic lipid A analogs, beta(1-6)glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphates, which possesses four tetradecanoyl groups at the 2- and 2'-amino, and 3- and 3'-hydroxyl groups (LA-17-PP), and each two of the (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl and tetradecanoyl groups at the 2- and 2'-amino and 3- and 3'-hydroxyl groups, respectively (LA-18-PP), were far less endotoxic than synthetic (506, LA-15-PP) and bacterial Escherichia coli type lipid A's; neither compound showed any detectable lethal toxicity in chicken embryos or preparatory activity for the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. Also both compounds were only weakly pyrogenic and comparably less lethally toxic in galactosamine-loaded mice than the reference synthetic and bacterial lipid A's and a synthetic counterpart to biosynthetic lipid A precursor Ia (406, LA-14-PP). Nevertheless, LA-17-PP and LA-18-PP exhibited definite in vivo immunoadjuvant activity in mice, and the ability to induce a possible tumor necrosis factor and alpha/beta interferon in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Propionibacterium acnes-primed mice, respectively, although these activities were weaker than those of the reference lipid A's. 4'-Monophosphate analogs of the above two test compounds exhibited neither endotoxic nor beneficial activities, but they showed remarkable in vitro bioactivities comparable to those of the corresponding bisphosphate compounds; the ability to activate the human complement system and the clotting enzyme cascade of horseshoe crab amoebocyte lysate, stimulatory effects on guinea pig and murine peritoneal macrophages, and murine splenocytes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Thalamic tumours invading the brain stem produce crossed cerebellar diaschisis demonstrated by PET.

Two cases of thalamic tumour, spreading through the midbrain into the pons ventrolaterally, showed suppression of cerebellar blood flow on the opposite side to the tumour, and also showed reduction of blood flow in the pons on the side of the tumour in positron emission tomographic studies. The pathophysiological mechanism of crossed cerebellar diaschisis may be due to functional suppression of the pontine nuclei by destruction of descending fibres from the cerebral cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Incidence of gonorrhoea due to penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Japan 1981-3 and treatment using a new antibiotic combination, BRL25000 (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid).

During the three years 1981-3, 134 (9.1%) of 1473 patients presenting at our clinics were found to be infected with penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of benzylpenicillin and ampicillin against these PPNG strains were 8 mg/l or more, whereas against non-PPNG strains they were consistently 4 mg/l or less. In contrast, the MIC of BRL25000 (two parts amoxycillin and one part clavulanic acid, the beta lactamase inhibitor) was 4 mg/l or less even against PPNG strains. MICs of a number of other drugs commonly used to treat gonorrhoea, such as cephaloridine, cefoxitin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, kanamycin, and spectinomycin, showed no appreciable differences between non-PPNG and PPNG strains and the MIC of cephaloridine in particular was relatively high. BRL25000 proved to be very effective in the treatment of PPNG infection and cured all of 121 patients treated. A daily dose of 2.25g, cured 105 patients in two days, 11 patients in three days, four patients in four days, and one patient in five days. A new rapid diagnostic method for detecting PPNG strains, capable of application at an outpatient clinic and providing a result on the following day, is described.

Amoxicillin↗