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Biomedical subjects

K Harada

Publications and source records attributed to K Harada.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Blunted hypoxic ventilatory drive in subjects susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema.

It has been proposed that subjects susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) show exaggerated hypoxemia with relative hypoventilation during the early period of high-altitude exposure. Some previous studies suggest the relationship between the blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and HAPE. To examine whether all the HAPE-susceptible subjects consistently show blunted HVR at low altitude, we evaluated the conventional pulmonary function test, hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), and hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) in ten lowlanders who had a previous history of HAPE and compared these results with those of eight control lowlanders who had no history of HAPE. HVR was measured by the progressive isocapnic hypoxic method and was evaluated by the slope relating minute ventilation to arterial O2 saturation (delta VE/delta SaO2). HCVR was measured by the rebreathing method of Read. All measurements were done at Matsumoto, Japan (610 m). All the HAPE-susceptible subjects showed normal values in the pulmonary function test. In HCVR, HAPE-susceptible subjects showed relatively lower S value, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (1.74 +/- 1.16 vs. 2.19 +/- 0.4, P = NS). On the other hand, HAPE-susceptible subjects showed significantly lower HVR than control subjects (-0.42 +/- 0.23 vs. -0.87 +/- 0.29, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that HAPE-susceptible subjects more frequently show low HVR at low altitude. However, values for HVR were within the normal range in 2 of 10 HAPE-susceptible subjects. It would seem therefore that low HVR alone need not be a critical factor for HAPE. This could be one of several contributing factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pressure-volume curve of the remaining lung after lung resection.

In order to evaluate ventilatory function of the remaining lung after lobectomy, using dogs, we measured the pressure-volume curve of the right lower lobe separately from the other lobes. The right lower lobe bronchus was surgically separated from the other bronchi and the expiratory volume of the right lower lobe was measured independently. The dogs were put in an airtight box. Transpulmonary pressure and expiratory volume in the right lower lobe were measured before lobectomy, after the left upper lobectomy and subsequently after the right upper and middle lobectomy. As a result, the esophageal pressure at endoexpiratory state became more subatmospheric following the lobectomies and the pressure-volume curves of right lower lobe shifted down to the right. Though the right lower lobe was intact after surgery, the pressure-volume curve shifted. This might be caused by the imbalanced postoperative volume of the lung and thoracic cage, and it is one of the problems remaining after lobectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A new pharmacological testing method--different effects of levamisole and the serum of mice orally treated with levamisole on mitogenic activity of lipopolysaccharide.

The direct addition of levamisole to murine splenic lymphocytes had no effect on the mitogenic activity of lipopolysaccharide. However, the addition of serum of mice orally treated with levamisole increased the mitogenic activity, and this increased activity using serum was similar to the result obtained in an in vivo experiment. These results suggest that the new in vitro experimental method using serum may be able to reproduce the in vivo effect of drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Coagulation and fibrinolysis in chronic subdural hematoma. Measurement of fibrinopeptides].

The pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma is not fully understood. It is thought that fibrinolytic hyperactivity within the hematoma capsule plays an important role. However, since this hyperactivity has not been found in the systemic blood, accelerated fibrinolysis is thought to occur only locally. To evaluate coagulant and fibrinolytic activities in the peripheral blood, the authors measured fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 (FPB beta), which are relatively sensitive hematologic factors, in 14 patients with chronic subdural hematoma. Peripheral venous blood was collected within 24 hours before surgery and FPA and FPB beta levels were determined. In the eight cases followed for more than 1 month after surgery, pre- and postoperative FPA and FPB beta values were compared. The possible relationship between preoperative FPB beta and hematoma density as well as elevated intracranial pressure (judged by preoperative computed tomography) was also examined. The following results were obtained: 1) Preoperative FPA and FPB beta values were both statistically significantly elevated suggesting systemic acceleration of coagulant and fibrinolytic activities. FPB beta levels exceeded those of FPA in almost all cases, indicating that fibrinolysis was more dramatically enhanced. 2) Many patients with high FPB beta values had high-density areas on computed tomography scans. 3) Patients with choked disc had high FPB beta values, suggesting a correlation between chronic intracranial hypertension and FPB beta. 4) Postoperatively, there was a marked decrease in FPA values, whereas FPB beta values remained above normal, which may reflect persistence of accelerated systemic fibrinolytic activity in patients with chronic subdural hematoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study on computed tomography and neurotological findings in spinocerebellar degeneration.

The classification of SCD on the basis of the neurotological findings was with classification based on CT findings in 40 cass of SCD. The areas of pons, cerebellar hemisphere, vermis and posterior fossa on CT films were measured by craniometer, and were compared in order to estimate the degree of atrophy. From these assessments, patients were classified into 3 types as follows; (1) 14 cases of cerebellar type, (2) 9 cases of brain stem type and (3) 17 cases of combined type. The classification of SCD based on the neurotological findings including the findings of gaze test, positioning test, eye tracking test, OKN, and fixation suppression test of caloric nystagmus, was well correlated to the classification based on CT findings. From the results, neurotological examination was demonstrated to make a contribution to the estimation of lesions and types in SCD.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1989

[The histopathological study of human palatine tonsils--especially age changes].

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the age-related histopathological changes of human palatine tonsil. As for specimens of total 118 tonsils, 52 palatine tonsils obtained at autopsy and 66 palatine tonsils obtained by tonsillectomy from patients with the diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis were used. Of these specimens, 71 were from male and 47 were from female, and the age ranged from 6 months to 89 years. The palatine tonsil was routinely sectioned longitudinal at its median, toward the tonsil hilus. 4 microns thick sections were prepared and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and according to the elastica-van Gieson staining method. The I-BAS one picture analyzer of ZEISS Co. was used to determine the areas covered with the parenchymal (lymphatic tissue) and extraparenchymal tissue (crypt, fibrous connective tissue and fatty generation) of the palatine tonsil. The results obtained are as follows; 1) The ratio of the parenchymal area to the total area of tonsils, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, decreased with age. 2) The average area of lymphoid follicles, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, decreased with age. 3) The number of lymphoid follicles per unit area, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, did not show any correlation with age. However, the number remarkably decreased in patients with the age of above 70. 4) The lymphocyte infiltration number per unit area of crypt epithelium, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, decreased with age. 5) The ratio of crypt area to the total area, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, did not show any correlation with age. However, increasing tendency with age was seen. 6) The ratio of fibrous connective tissue area to the total area for, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, increased with age. 7) Collagen fibers and elastic fibers, in both specimens obtained at autopsy and tonsillectomy, showed the tendency to proliferate with age. 8) Fatty degeneration was shown to begin in specimens of about 25 years old in age, and subsequently, was seen in most of specimens of above 35 years in age. Fatty degeneration tends to increase with age. The above results indicate that the parenchymal and extraparenchymal tissues of the palatine tonsil undergo both quantitative and qualitative changes with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Improved staining of leprosy bacilli in tissues.

A technique which reliably demonstrates Mycobacterium leprae, M. tuberculosis and fungi in tissues is described. It is based on the oxidation of cell wall lipid substances by chromic or periodic acid, and the subsequent release of aldehydes which are then capable of reducing ammoniacal silver salt solutions to metallic silver. The organisms so demonstrated appear uniformly solid. The sensitivity of the method and the ease of examination and recognition of bacilli and their products are recommendations for the use of the method in diagnosis and research, disregarding morphological appearances.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of M-VAC chemotherapy (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) for advanced urothelial cancer].

Combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin (M-VAC regimen) was administered to 12 patients with advanced epithelial cancer of the urinary tract in a clinical trial undertaken to assess clinical efficacy of this multiagent therapy. This series comprised 11 males and 1 female ranging in age from 46 to 76 years (mean age: 63), with performance status (PS) being rated 0 in 2, 1 in 5, 2 in 2, 3 in 2 and 4 in 1 of these 12 patients. The site of primary lesion was bladder in 8, renal pelvis in 3 and ureter in 1. Histologically, these tumors were all identified as transitional cell carcinoma (grade 3) with the exception of 1 mixed type (transitional cell carcinoma plus squamous carcinoma). Nine of the patients had already their primary tumor resected surgically while the remaining 3 had undergone only biopsy. The site of metastasis was lung in 7, bone in 4 and lymph nodes in 3. In consideration of the patients' general condition, the dosages of the chemotherapeutic agents were set at 80% of those recommended by Sternberg. Of the 9 patients with primary tumor resected, 1 died of chemotherapy; of the remaining 9 patients, the M-VAC regimen brought about CR in 1 and PR in 4, hence with a response rate of 62.5%. The 4 patients showing PR underwent surgical resection of residual tumor and 2 of them achieved CR and have been free of a recurrence during a 33- or 29-month period of the chemotherapeutic regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Structural investigation of the antibiotic sporaviridin. XIV. Isolation of components of intact sporaviridin.

Six components of sporaviridin (SVD) were successfully isolated by HPLC using methano-1 M ammonium chloride as the mobile phase. Each component possesses expectedly antimicrobial activity. To ensure the structural relationship between the intact SVD and N-acetylated sporaviridins (N-Ac-SVD), they were converted to the corresponding of N-acetates by acetylation in methanol, whose structures had already been determined as glycosides consisting of a 34-membered macrocyclic lactone, viridopentaoses, D-glucose and N-acetylvancosamine.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1989

Structural elucidation of aculeximycin. I. Further purification and glycosidic bond cleavage of aculeximycin.

A new insecticidal antibiotic, aculeximycin (ACM), was produced by an actinomycete identified as Streptosporangium albidum. ACM has been successfully isolated from culture filtrate by a combination of Diaion HP-20, Amberlite CG-50, reversed phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatographies. It was found that ACM is a basic glycosidic antibiotic with a molecular weight of 1,672 including five monosaccharide units, three double bonds and a hemiketal ring by preliminary spectral analyses. Treatment of ACM with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undecene-7 caused a glycosidic bond cleavage to give aculexitriose, pseudoaglycones I and II.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1989

Structural elucidation of aculeximycin. II. Structures of carbohydrate moieties.

Treatment of aculeximycin with 2% 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undecene-7 (DBU)-methanol yielded three products, aculexitriose, pseudoaglycones I and II. The structural elucidation of aculexitriose was carried out by spectral analyses (MS, NMR (1H-1H 2D NMR spectroscopy, nuclear Overhauser effect] and chemical degradations of aculexitriose and its derivatives. The structure of aculexitriose was established to be a branched trisaccharide, O-6-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-[3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-beta- D- arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1----3)]-6-deoxy-D-glucopyranose. On the other hand the pseudoaglycones I and II were stereoisomers with respect to a chiral center newly formed by the DBU reaction. The pseudoaglycones contain one neutral sugar and one amino sugar, which turned out to be D-mannose and L-vancosamine, respectively.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1989

[Histological study on root resorption of upper permanent incisor].

In the permanent tooth, physiological root resorption does not occur, but inflammatory resorption occurs due to the orthodontic force, ectopic eruption of neighboring tooth and others. In this study, the morphological and histological investigation of the root resorption of the upper permanent incisors caused by the ectopic eruption of the canine was carried out. The left central incisor and lateral incisor from a 12-year-old female were examined. The roots were resorbed almost completely, and in part the resorption extended into the enamel. The results were as follows: 1. In the resorbed dentine, two types of resorption lacuna were observed. One was in direct contact with resorption tissue and the other was repaired with cementum-like tissue. 2. In the resorption lacuna, no odontoclast was recognized. 3. The pulp tissue was normal and the internal resorption was not seen. 4. On the wall of the root canal connected with root resorption, a large amount of hard tissue was formed, and on the external surface of the root, secondary cementum was formed on the primary cementum. 5. Under the scanning electron microscope, the clear dentine tubules in the resorption lacuna, the shallow, unclear resorption lacuna with deposition of the hard tissue and the various steps between them were observed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Severe root resorption of maxillary incisors and ectopic eruption of maxillary canine].

A 12-year-old female with severe root resorption in the maxillary left central and lateral incisors (Case 1) and a 27-years-old female with the maxillary left canine erupted in the position of the central incisor (Case 2) were examined and treated. The findings and treatment procedures were as follows: 1. In Case 1, severe root resorption was caused by the ectopic eruption of the canine. On the lingual surface, the resorption had proceeded to a part of enamel. 2. In the Case 1, after the central and lateral incisors were extracted, the canine was carefully guided into the position of the lateral incisor. 3. In Case 2, treatment was not performed, because the chief compliant was carious lesions and the patient did not mind the malposition of the canine. 4. In both Case 1 and 2, the main reason of ectopic eruption of canines was presumably not a discrepancy between the tooth material and the basal arch length but the malposition of the tooth germ and/or abnormal eruption process of the canine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Brain function and blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery in subarachnoid hemorrhage: evaluation with multimodality evoked potentials (MEPs) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound].

Brain dysfunction and blood flow velocity changes in the middle cerebral artery (MCAFV) were studied in 59 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain function and blood flow velocity were evaluated by multimodality evoked potentials (MEPs) consisting of ABR, SEP and VEP as reported, and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound. The abnormality on MEPs were graded into 4 grades. Nearly normal, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal and severely abnormal. The results on MEP study were compared with clinical Hunt and Hess (H. H) grade or Fisher's CT group of subarachnoid hemorrhage in 44 patients. MCAFV was measured in 15 patients and mean velocity as well as CO2 reactivity and effect of head elevation were studied. Control value of MCAFV was 64 +/- 13 cm/sec in 50 healthy adults. CO2 reactivity was determined by K values obtained from the modified formula of cerebral blood flow by Olesen et al. MEP grade in H. H grade III and IV patients showed, on admission, variations in their grades in comparison with those in H. H grade I II and V patients. There was no definite correlation between the abnormality in MEPs and the degree of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Fisher's group 3 and 4 patients. When the surgical results in early and late operation in H. H grade III and IV patients were compared, it was shown that the outcome was favourable in early operated patients of H. H grade III if initial MEP grades were between I-III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation of the remaining lung function after lung surgery using ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy].

The lung function after lung resection was studied in 18 patients using ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy. All patients underwent posterolateral thoracotomy. Scintigraphy was performed before and 1 month after surgery in 8 lobectomized patients and in 4 partially resected ones. Another 8 patients underwent scintigraphy 6.5 to 43 months after lobectomy. Mean transit time (MTT) on scintigraphy was used to estimate a regional washout function in lung. The value of MTT on the operated side minus MTT on the contralateral side increased after surgery. This change was more remarkable in lobectomized patients than in partially resected ones. MTT on the operated side lung was even more prolonged after operation. Reduction of %V and %Q was observed on the operated side of remaining lung after surgery, and Q decreased more than V after lobectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Endoscopic hemostasis against hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract: its indication and limitation].

We reviewed endoscopic hemostasis that had been performed upon 353 acutely hemorrhagic peptic ulcer cases: Among them, 145 received thrombin spraying; 36, electrocoagulation; 145, topical injection of ethanol; and 27, topical injection of aetoxyscrelol. Hemostasis lasting for more than 24 hours after the treatment was defined as transient hemostasis, and hemostasis lasting for more than two weeks, as permanent hemostasis. The overall rate of transient hemostasis was 87.5%; 84.8% by thrombin spraying, 83.4% by electrocoagulation, 89.0% by injection of ethanol, 100% by injection of aetoxyscrelol, respectively. The overall rate of permanent hemostasis was 71.1%; 75.9% by thrombin spraying, 58.3% by electrocoagulation, 69.7% by injection of ethanol, 70.4% by injection of aetoxyscrelol, respectively. The rate of emergency operation for bleeding was reduced to 9.9% after the induction of endoscopic hemostasis from 64.0% before the induction. The mortality was also reduced to 3.1% from 8.9%. Particularly, over the last 4 years, the emergency operation and the mortality have been reduced, accounting from 7.2% and 2.2%, respectively. In conclusions, thrombin spraying is the first choice for mild and diffuse hemorrhage, and topical injection of ethanol is indicated for hemorrhage from exposed vessels and for localized hemorrhage.

Aged↗