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Biomedical subjects

K Hara

Publications and source records attributed to K Hara.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Apneic seizures in the newborn.

Electroclinical features of convulsive apnea and its relation to the behavioral state were described on the basis of polygraphic recordings from 21 newborns with various underlying disorders, including perinatal anoxia, purulent meningitis, and intracranial bleeding. The most frequent ictal discharges were rhythmic alpha waves, but other types of discharges, such as repeated sharp waves, rhythmic theta waves, delta waves, and repeated paroxysmal wave complexes, were also frequently seen. The area where the ictal discharges initially occurred or were most prominent was the temporal area, suggesting the limbic origin of apneic seizures. In more than half of the cases, the sleep cycle was abolished. In those cases where the sleep cycle was preserved, the seizures occurred most frequently in active sleep, but never in quiet sleep.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1982

Comparative studies on the distribution mode of orthomyxo-virus and paramyxo-virus receptor possessing cells in mice and birds.

Many experimental studies have shown that orthomyxo- and para-myxoviruses may be pneumotropic, but not enterotropic in mammals. On the other hand, these viruses are both pneumotropic and enterotropic in avian species. We have devised a new method for detecting virus receptor possessing cells (VRPC) in tissue sections. VRPC could be detected in the cells lining the airways of both mice and birds. The mode of distribution of VRPC in mouse digestive system differed remarkedly from that in avian digestive system. VRPC were not found in the epithelium of mouse digestive systems whereas the epithelium of bird digestive system were abundant in VRPC. When the large intestines from mice or duck undergoing laparotomy and inoculated directly into intestine with influenza virus were examined, viral antigen was detected in the epithelial cell of duck colon, but not in mouse intestines. From the study utilizing the new method, it could be concluded that the distribution mode of VRPC is one of the most important factors determining the virus tissue specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neonatal seizures and subsequent epilepsy.

Neonatal findings and evolutionary courses of epileptic seizures were described in newborns who had seizures during the neonatal period and later developed epilepsy. Neonates with CNS dysgenesis ran the highest risk (80%) for subsequent epilepsy. About 30% of those who suffered from perinatal hypoxia and/or intracranial birth injury and 30% of those who had meningitis developed subsequent epilepsy. In perinatal brain injury, those who developed epilepsy showed more abnormal neurological and electroencephalographic findings than those who did not. The more abnormal the neonatal background EEG, the more frequently epileptic fits developed later. There was no such relationship in CNS dysgenesis. Myoclonic seizures were associated with the most severe brain damage. Newborns who later displayed West syndrome had also very abnormal neonatal EEG whereas those who manifested other types of fits more often had less abnormal neonatal EEGs. In West syndrome, hypsarrhythmia was preceded by focal or multifocal spikes, and closely temporally related with the onset of spasms, but there was a variety of intervals between the onset of clinical fits and EEG spikes in generalized or focal motor seizures.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1982

Congenital myopathy and communicating hydrocephalus--a possible pathogenetic combination.

A 5 1/2-year-old boy with congenital myopathy associated with communicating hydrocephalus is described. Motor milestones were delayed with generalized nonprogressive muscular weakness and moderately elevated serum CK. Muscle biopsy revealed multifocal areas of decreased oxidative enzyme activity which were characterized ultrastructurally by myofibrillar disorganization and Z-band streaming with decrease or absence of mitochondria in this area. The head circumference measured more than 98 percentile at 14 months. The CT scan disclosed moderately dilated ventricles and enlarged cortical sulci. Radioisotope cisternograms showed early ventricular reflux and persistence of radioactivity especially in the parasaggital region even after 72 hours. Some common pathogenetic mechanism may have been involved in the development of both the myopathy and the hydrocephalus.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Hydranencephaly: sleep and movement characteristics.

Sleep and body movements were studied in 2 hydranencephalic neonates using visual analysis and polygraphic recording. They manifested periodic alternation of active and quiet sleep with peculiar movements of bilateral synchronized patterns. Generalized phasic movements were significantly increased and localized tonic movements were reduced. In view of the complete absence of cerebral hemisphere in this disorder, the movement of bilaterally synchronized pattern or increase of generalized phasic movement are considered to be generated from the basal ganglia and/or brain stem without cerebral hemisphere, whereas, localized tonic movements have more cortical correlation in its organization. The observation of body movements may be useful in detecting hydranencephaly in early infancy.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1982

Body movements during sleep in full-term newborn infants.

Body movements during sleep were observed in 14 full-term sick newborn infants such as perinatal asphyxia, purulent meningitis, meconium aspiration syndrome, melena, porencephaly, and hydranencephaly. Five newborn infants who had recovered from transient vomiting were examined as control. Infants with minimally depressed background EEG showed an increase of generalized movement (GM) and localized tonic movement (LTM) in quiet sleep. Hydranencephalic infants revealed an increase of generalized phasic movement (GPM) in active and quiet sleep. On the other hand, a decrease or an absence of body movements was observed in infants with severe EEG abnormalities such as moderate, marked and maximal depression. Hydranencephalic and porencephalic neonates showed a decrease of LTM in active sleep. One infant with purulent meningitis, showing markedly depressed EEG, revealed GPM-like movements of much longer duration. The follow-up study revealed that the absence of body movements or the increase of GPM might indicate a very poor outcome, whereas the presence of LTM, even in a small amount, suggested the preservation of cortical functions. The increase of body movements was also considered to correlate with sleep disturbance and served to indicate a brain dysfunction.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[The maternal perception of fetal movements during the last trimester of pregnancy].

In a prospective study the foetal movements were simultaneously registered with two real time ultra-sound instruments and compared with the maternal perception of the movements. 35 patients were studied with a mean investigation time of 20 minutes per patient. The mothers pushed a button when they perceived a movements. Synchronous to this registration and storage on a tape were done of the movements of the upper and lower extremities the body movements and the foetal respiratory movements, the foetal heart rate and the uterine contractions. The mothers noticed a total of 38% of all foetal movements. Most frequently the mother noticed in 78% of the cases total foetal movements of the body and extremities. Isolated movements of the foetal body without movements of the extremities were only perceived by the mothers in 31% of the cases and isolated movements of the extremities were only perceived in 15%. In 69% of the cases the mothers correctly indicated that foetal movement took place. In 31% of all maternal signals there was no sonographic evidence of foetal movements of the body or the extremities. In 24% of these cases foetal respiratory movements were evident and in 23% of the cases Braxton-Hicks contractions were found. In 54% of these cases the signal button was used by the mothers without detectable reason. This high failure rate of maternal perception of foetal movements needs to be considered in the evaluation of foetal movements by the mother.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Neurophysiological study of newborns with hypocalcemia.

The EEG, sleep cycle, visual and auditory evoked potentials (VEP and AEP) were studied in 38 newborns who presented with seizures and had serum calcium levels below 7 mg/dl. Nineteen infants displayed increased theta and alpha, and decreased delta waves with variable but mild degrees of background EEG depression during sleep, which may reflect neuronal hyperexcitability induced by hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemic infants spent less time in quite sleep than control infants, but the time spent in active sleep did not change significantly. Seventy-seven percent of seizures occurred in active sleep. 17% in indeterminate sleep and 1% during wakefulness. Most infants demonstrated normal VEP and AEP, although a few displayed prolonged latency. No correlation was found between peak latency and serum calcium levels. Two infants with complicated hypocalcemia who showed moderately depressed background EEG and other two with loss of sleep cycles developed abnormally, while the other infants showed normal development.

Calcium↗
PubMed1982

Protection of ischaemic myocardium with coenzyme Q10.

Protection of the ischaemic myocardium with Coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) following constriction of left anterior descending coronary artery was studied in 38 open-chest mongrel dogs. Left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow was independently reduced by tightening a constrictor around the vessel. Aortic pressure and left ventricular pressure were measured, and the Tension Time Index (TTI) was calculated. Myocardial segment shortening in the ischaemic area was measured with an ultrasonic dimension gauge. After obtaining haemodynamic data, the ischaemic myocardium was biopsied and the tissue sample was frozen in liquid nitrogen for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis. Animals premedicated with COQ10 (20 mg . kg-1 iv) had a significantly higher ATP content in ischaemic myocardium (3.25 +/- 0.35 mumol . g-1 wet weight) compared with that in ischaemic myocardium of control animals (2.96 +/- 0.19) (P less than 0.05), when coronary blood flow was reduced by 50 to 74%. There were failure of ATP preservation by COQ10 with a further reduction in coronary blood flow. Changes in the pattern of myocardial segment shortening in the ischemic area induced by a 50 to 74% coronary blood flow reduction were less in COQ10 treated animals than in control animals. Since there were no haemodynamic differences between control and COQ10 treated animals, these effects were considered not to be due to a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption secondary to haemodynamic changes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

The conduction velocity of slower and the fastest fibres in infancy and childhood.

Motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was measured in 54 infants of various ages. Conduction velocity of slower fibres was measured using Hopf's technique, and maximal conduction velocity was measured with the usual method. Both maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres increased with maturation. The former was about 65 m/s at the age of about 3-5 years, but thereafter it decreased slightly to about 60 m/s. Conduction velocity of slower fibres increased gradually until about 3 or 4 years of age, and then ranged about 40-50 m/s. The difference between the two velocities increased until 7 or 9 months of age; during the next 8 years, it tended to decrease to about 8-16 m/s. The increasing difference in size between the largest and the smallest myelinated fibres with maturation correlated with the developmental increase of the difference between maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres. The anatomical evidence of the slight decrease of the axon diameter of the large fibres at the age of 7-14 years may correspond to the slight reduction of maximal conduction velocity after about 5 years of age.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Xeroderma pigmentosum: neurological, neurophysiological and morphological studies.

In 3 cases of xeroderma pigmentosum showing signs of peripheral neuropathy, electrophysiological studies were made. In one of them, a sural nerve biopsy was performed. MCV obtained from the lower limbs were moderately reduced in all cases, and SCV could be obtained in only 1 case from the median nerve. Auditory brain stem responses were not obtainable in all cases. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a marked decrease of myelinated fibers and also suggested severe damage in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Teased fiber study showed myelin ovoids and indicated axonal degeneration. Sensory nerves including the acoustic nerve may suffer damage earlier than the motor nerve. In all cases CT scans revealed brain atrophy and thickening of the skull.

Adolescent↗