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Biomedical subjects

K Hamano

Publications and source records attributed to K Hamano.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Automated measurement of amylase isoenzymes by a double kinetic assay with "blocked" beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl maltopentaoside as substrate and with wheat germ inhibitor.

We evaluated the enzymic mechanism by which 3-keto butylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl maltopentaoside (3KB-G5-CNP) serves as a substrate for serum pancreatic (p-) and salivary (s-) amylases. In aliquots of the reaction mixture, three kinds of beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl oligosaccharides (glucose, maltoside, and maltotrioside) were separated from the substrate by high-performance liquid chromatography. Both isoenzymes behaved nearly identically and produced almost the same products. We automated a double kinetic procedure for determining total (t-) and p-amylase with use of a selective inhibitor from wheat germ in a single channel on the Hitachi 7050 analyzer. Within- and between-run CVs were, respectively, 0.5% and 1.7% for t-amylase (240 U/L), and 0.7% and 2.3% for p-amylase (230 U/L). The test results varied linearly with concentrations up to approximately 2000 U/L for t- and p-amylase activities. p/s ratios varied from 0.2 to 5.0. Results correlated well with those obtained by the monoclonal inhibition method (r = 0.992).

Amylases↗
PubMed1991

[Total parenteral nutrition for home therapy in cancer patients].

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was used in 14 cancer patients within a 4-yr and 4-month period. Indications included severe malabsorption, short bowel syndrome, radiation enteritis, and malignancies. The mean duration of HPN was 184 days (range: 21-706 days). HPN duration for patients with benign causes (BP) was longer [427 days (range: 176-706 days)] than for cancer-related patients (CP) [49 days (range: 21-121 days)]. The mean catheter life spans to date for BP and CP have been 596 days (range: 187-1173 days) and 127 days (range: 73-278 days), respectively. Serious catheter problems occurred 4 times in BP with the external catheter. Metabolic complications with clinical symptoms occurred in one BP who had short bowel syndrome. We followed with an evaluation of the quality of life of HPN patients. Three in 14 cases returned to work, two of them part time, and two others did most of the housekeeping, but 9 remained at home receiving only outpatient treatment. Some physical distress was recorded in all but one case. We concluded that HPN for cancer patients is a relatively safe, effective means of improving and maintaining the nutritional status, and it can reduce the length of hospitalization. We attempted to evaluate whether these patients were able to achieve a meaningful and satisfactory social and familial life. Our study was not sufficient to assess the psychological and social problems. We should establish criteria for quality of life to evaluate overall satisfaction with conditions of life under HPN.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinicoencephalographic study of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in infants].

The mechanism of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) still remains unclear, although it has been the subject of a number of theories. We investigated the relationship between the level consciousness and PLEDs in order to clarify both the clinical significance and the mechanism of PLEDs. We studied two neonates and two infants with acute organic lesions of the brain (cerebral infarction, meningoencephalitis, cerebral hemorrhage, acute infantile hemiplegia), of whom all showing PLEDs in EEG. In each case, we analyzed sequential EEG records and the level of consciousness, and measured the periodicity, voltage and duration of PLEDs by a computer controlled digitizer. In each case, the periodicity and voltage of the discharges were related to the level of consciousness. The appearance rate of PLEDs was relatively high at the level of consciousness from III-100 to III-200. The inverse correlation between the frequency (1/periodicity) and the voltage of PLEDs was significant in 53% of the total records of PLEDs; it was also frequently observed at the level of consciousness between III-100 and III-200. From above findings we concluded that an appropriate degree of damage to produce PLEDs is required in both the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter corresponding to the level of consciousness from III-100 to III-200.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Localization of two calcium binding proteins, calbindin (28 kD) and parvalbumin (12 kD), in the vertebrate retina.

We used immunocytochemistry to locate two calcium binding proteins, calbindin (CaB) and parvalbumin (PV), in the retina of goldfish, frog, chick, rat, guinea pig, dog, and man. The location of CaB depended on the type of dominant photoreceptor cells in birds and mammals. In cone-dominant retinas such as those of the chick, CaB-like immunoreactivity was found in the cones, cone bipolars, and ganglion cells. Amacrine cells 5-12 microns across were also labeled. In rod-dominant retinas, such as those of the rat, guinea pig, and dog, horizontal cells, small amacrine cells (about 6 microns across), and cells in the ganglion cell layer were labeled. In the human retina, which has both cones and rods in abundance, cones, cone bipolars, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and small and large amacrine cells were labeled. In the frog and goldfish, the level of CaB-like immunoreactivity was low. In the frog, a few cones, amacrine cells, and cells in the ganglion cell layer were labeled. No immunoreactive structures were seen in the goldfish retina. PV-like immunoreactivity was found in chicks, rats, and dogs. No such immunoreactive structures were seen in the other species. In the chick, only amacrine cells were labeled. In the rat, amacrine cells and several displaced amacrine cells were labeled. In the dog, in addition to amacrine cells and displaced amacrine cells, horizontal cells were strongly labeled. Thus, PV-like immunoreactivity was found in those elements relating to the modulation of the main pathway of the visual transmission system.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Volumetric quantification of brain volume in children using sequential CT scans.

We devised a three dimensional method for the accurate measurement of brain volume and applied it to 32 neurologically normal children, 7 children with only mental retardation and 15 children with both mental retardation and motor disturbance. In the group of neurologically normal children, the total brain volume increased from 723 cm3 to 1407 cm3 in order of age. The correlation ratio between the total brain volume and age was significant (P less than 0.0001). The values of the total brain volume and the developmental curve were similar to those of the total brain weight of normal children previously reported. The combined volume of the cerebellum, the midbrain, the pons and the medulla also increased from 76 cm3 to 200 cm3 in a manner similar to that of the total brain. The correlation between total brain volume and head circumference was significant (P less than 0.0001). In the group of children with mental retardation, the total brain volume was relatively smaller than that of neurologically normal children. In the group of the children with mental retardation and motor disturbance, 10 out of 15 cases showed values below -2 SD of those of neurologically normal children. The values of the total brain volume were each less than -3 SD in 3 cases whose head circumferences were each more than -3 SD. Our method for the direct measurement of brain volume based on serial CT scans may be useful for the accurate examination of brain development.

Biometry↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of carp, Cyprinus carpio.

The localization of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (IR-TRH) in the forebrain and pituitary of carp was studied immunohistochemically using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In the hypothalamus. IR-TRH was present in the neuronal processes extending from the preoptic nucleus (NPO) to the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL). Cell bodies appeared to be present in the inside of the medial NRL. Most of these neurons were fusiform and bipolar. Immunoreactive-beaded fibers streamed from the anterior part of the NRL toward the nucleus posterioris periventriculas and nucleus lateral tuberis pars posterioris. Vertical strands of the beaded fibers ran in the nucleus lateral tuberis pars anterioris. In the pituitary, the reaction product was found in the neural lobe, where intense immunoreactivity was evident along neural fibers entering the intermediate lobe. Staining could be detected only rarely in the anterior lobe. IR-TRH-beaded fibers were present in the olfactory stalk as well as in the caudal and inner parts of the olfactory bulb. In contrast to the high concentration of IR-TRH in the olfactory bulb, immunohistochemical data from this work indicated weak immunoreactivity in this region.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of calcium ion concentration on the permeability of the corneal endothelium.

The effect of free Ca2+ ion concentration on the integrity of the barrier function of the corneal endothelium was studied using the endothelial permeability to carboxyfluorescein (Pac) as a quantitative index according to the method of Araie. Paired rabbit corneas were isolated and mounted in a chamber. To serve as a control, one eye of each pair was perfused with a glucose-glutathione-bicarbonate solution at a Ca2+ concentration of 1.1 mEq, the other with a solution at various Ca2+ concentrations ranging from 0.23-1.1 mEq. The Pac ratio of a solution with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.38 mEq or higher to the control solution was close to unity, and the Pac ratio of a solution with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.33 mEq or lower to the control solution was significantly greater than unity. In a separate experiment, it was found that only slight swelling was seen when a solution with a Ca2+ concentration of 0.23 mEq or higher was used; significant swelling was seen with a solution of a Ca2+ concentration of 0.17 mEq or lower. The lowest free Ca2+ concentration needed for maintaining the barrier function of the corneal endothelium, 0.38 mEq, was found to be higher than that needed for maintaining the corneal thickness, 0.23 mEq.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH) and hearing loss].

It has been reported that cochlea is the lesion of hearing loss in FSH. However, the details of this lesion are not yet sufficiently known. We performed detailed audiologic studies to examine hearing loss in FSH. We experienced 2 cases of FSH associated with hearing loss. Case 1 was a girl aged 5 years, and case 2 a boy aged 15 years. Clinical findings, EMG and muscle biopsy gave a diagnosis of FSH in both cases. Hearing loss was evaluated by pure tone audiography, speech audiography, tympanometry, stapedial reflex, auditory brain stem response and electrocochleography. In case 1, pure tone audiograms revealed high tone hearing loss without an A-B gap. On speech audiography, the maximum articulation score was 100% and proved normal. The tympanogram was type A. Stapedial reflex was normal bilaterally. The threshold of the 5th wave increased markedly on auditory brain stem response. On electrocochleography, the H-curve of the input-output function curves of action potential was recorded, but the L-curve was absent. There were no complaints of hearing loss in case 2, but pure tone audiograms revealed high-tone hearing loss without an A-B gap. The tympanogram was type A. Stapedial reflex was normal bilaterally. On auditory brain stem response, threshold was increased and latency was prolonged when intensity was lowered. The electrocochleograms were almost normal. It has been reported that, in electrocochleography, the L-curve represents the function of the outer hair cells and the H-curve that of the inner hair cells. The electrocochleograms in case 1 showed damage to the outer hair cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Significance of measuring Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in open heart surgery].

Cu, Zn-SOD levels, free hemoglobin (Hb) and CPK-MB were measured in 18 patients undergoing open heart surgery. In order to evaluate the serum level of Cu, Zn-SOD, the ratio of Cu, Zn-SOD/free Hb was used to eliminate an influx of Cu, Zn-SOD released from erythrocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass. The value of Cu, Zn-SOD/free Hb was decreased significantly 30 minutes after aortic declamping and the minimal value was indicated 1 hour after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass compared with the preoperative status. We thought that the decrease was due to the consumption of SOD competing against free radical generation. The correlation between the minimal value of Cu, Zn-SOD/free Hb and the ischemic time was apparent but the correlation between the minimal value of Cu, Zn-SOD/free Hb and the value of peak CPK-MB was not determined. It was suggested that the serum free radicals were not only derived from the heart but also from the lung or other parts of the body during open heart surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coexistence of enkephalin and somatostatin in the chicken retina.

A double immunostaining method was used in the present study to demonstrate that enkephalin (ENK) and somatostatin (SOM) coexist within single amacrine cells of the chicken retina. The ratio of double-labeled cells to either ENK- or SOM-bearing cells was more than 90%, indicating that retinal ENK and SOM are most likely to be found together in the same amacrine cell. This rate of colocalization is the highest yet observed among any neurotransmitters and modulators that coexist.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A case of multiple arteriovenous malformations and diffuse venous abnormalities with facial port-wine stain.

A case of left facial port-wine stain with right hemiparesis is reported. Radiologically, two arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and diffuse venous abnormalities were observed in the left hemisphere. AVM were seen in the basal ganglia. One was fed by a perforating artery from the MCA and drained into the superior petrosal sinus, and the other was fed by a perforating artery from the basilar artery and drained through the vein of Rosenthal into an extremely dilated vein of Galen. Venous abnormalities were obstruction and a decrease in the superficial cortical veins, as well as the formation of collateral veins in both the cortex and white matter. This case resembles Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), but there were no signs of leptomeningeal angiomatosis or venous angioma. We have been unable to find any case reports on SWS with AVM or AVM with diffuse venous abnormalities. We discuss the differences between our case and SWS.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1989

Co-localization of adrenergic receptors and vitamin-D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin) in the dopaminergic amacrine cells of the rat retina.

Using antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and purified beta 2-adrenergic receptors (beta 2-AdR), we found that TH- and AdR-like immunoreactivities coexisted in large amacrine cells. These findings indicated an association between dopamine-containing amacrine cells and adrenergic amacrine cells. The present study also showed that amacrine cells with TH-like immunoreactivity have vitamin-D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin, 27,000 kDa)-like immunoreactivity as well, suggesting that calbindin plays an important postsynaptic role in dopaminergic amacrine cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of donor specific transfusion (DST) is restricted to the rat combination used and closely related with alloantibody in heart transplantation.

The effect of donor specific transfusion (DST) in several donor-recipient combinations was examined using the rat heart transplantation model. In some donor-recipient combinations such as LEW to DA, LEW to ACI, LEW to PVG and PVG to DA, DST pretreatment could induce permanent graft survival (greater than 100 days). But in DA to LEW, ACI to LEW, LEW to BN, BN to LEW, PVG to LEW and BN to DA combinations DST pretreatment had no effect on graft survival. The effect of pre-immunization with several DA antigens (heart, liver, lymph node cells and red blood cells) was examined using the DA to LEW combination in which DST pretreatment was not effective. In no case was permanent graft survival obtained. Alloantibody levels (anti-class I and anti-class I + II, respectively) were analysed at the time of heart transplantation and in the post-transplantation period. The anti-class I antibody levels were low or not detected in rats with surviving grafts, but in the rats which failed to have the prolonged graft survival, anti-class I antibody levels were high. This study showed that the effect of DST was restricted to particular donor-recipient rat combination in the heart transplantation model.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in acute pyelonephritis patients with spinal cord injuries].

The urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were determined in acute pyelonephritis patients with spinal cord injuries. The urinary NAG activity was significantly elevated in 23 of 31 cases (74%) compared with normal controls. Out of 7 acute pyelonephritis patients without spinal cord injuries, 4 patients (57%) showed significantly elevated urinary NAG activities. The urinary NAG activities were within normal range in 20 patients with acute simple cystitis and 11 patients with chronic complicated cystitis. Out of 6 patients with urethritis, only one case (17%) showed a significantly higher level of urinary NAG activity. Significantly higher levels in urinary NAG activities were observed in 6 of 9 patients (67%) with acute prostatitis and 5 of 9 patients (56%) with acute epididymitis. In patients with spinal cord injuries, having frequent urinary tract infections and complicated pathophysiological conditions, urinary NAG is one of the helpful laboratory findings for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗