Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Golman.
The non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium metrizamide (Amipaque) was used for high-dose urography in 11 patients with apparently normal renal function. Films of good quality were obtained. Adverse reactions and the effect on pulse and blood pressure as well as a large number of blood and urine laboratory parameters were recorded. Only clinically insignificant effects occurred, and the medium is recommended for further use in urography.
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The rate of transfer of contrast agents from cerebrospinal fluid to blood is of clinical importance in radiological examinations of the subarachnoid space. Metrizamide, a potential contrast medium, was injected intrathecally to humans and serum levels at different times after injection were measured. A one-compartment open model was found to apply to the data. Considerable individual variations were found, but the mean absorption rate constant indicated that more than 50% of the absorbed dose had disappeared from the cerebrospinal fluid 0.75 hr after injection. TLC of the fraction excreted in the urine showed that metrizamide was not metabolized in the body.
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The excretion mechanisms of the non-ionic contrast medium, metrizamide, and the ionic, sodium diatrizoate, are compared to investigate the potential usefulness of metrizamide in clinical urography. A mixture of 125I-labeled metrizamide and 131I-labeled diatrizoate was injected intravenously to rabbits or cats. Urine, bile and blood were analyzed for their concentration of iodine. From these concentrations the renal and total clearance was calculated. In the rabbit the excretion of metrizamide was also compared with that of 3H-inulin with or without influence of p-aminohippurate or probenecid. The earlier reported relatively low urinary iodine concentrations after intravenous injection to rabbits of low doses were explained by the following findings: In the rabbit the volume of distribution, the renal clearance and the total clearance of metrizamide were smaller than those measured for diatrizoate and inulin. The biological half-life in serum measured 30-150 min after injection was the same for all three compounds. No indication of tubular secretion was found. The excretion mechanism of the contrast media exhibits species differences as no differences between metrizamide and diatrizoate in the parameters mentioned above could be measured in the cat.
In nine subjects undergoing urography with metrizamide measurements of total serum clearance of 51Cr-EDTA have been made before, during, and after the urography. During the urography both total serum clearances and renal clearances were determined for 51Cr-EDTA and metrizamide. The present study in man confirms the previous results from investigations in rabbits, that most of the intravenously injected metrizamide is excreted through the kidneys, that tubular reabsorption of metrizamide occurs and suggests that metrizamide might be used with advantage for urography.