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Biomedical subjects

K Golman

Publications and source records attributed to K Golman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Experimental urography with new non-ionic dimeric and monomeric contrast agents.

The potential usefulness in urography of two new non-ionic dimeric ratio 6 contrast media (iodixanol and cpd. 2-5410-4A) and a new non-ionic monomeric ratio 3 contrast medium, iopentol, was investigated in a rabbit model and compared with iohexol. Urinary iodine concentrations, urine flow, estimated attenuation capacity and radiographic scoring by visual observation was determined at three dose levels in normally hydrated and at one dose level in dehydrated animals. At the high dose (500 mg I/kg) and in dehydrated animals at 200 mg I/kg the dimers yielded higher urinary iodine concentrations, an increased estimated attenuation capacity and a higher radiographic score than the monomers. Iopentol was as effective as iohexol in all the recorded parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Albuminuria following nephroangiography with low osmolar contrast media in the rat.

The degree of albuminuria after selective nephroangiography was investigated in anaesthetized rats. Iopentol, iopromide, iodixanol and compound 2-5410-4A all caused a slight but not statistically significant increase in albuminuria when compared with the control group. After ioxaglate injection a high degree of albuminuria was observed which was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) compared with all other contrast media and control groups.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1985

Contrast media for CT. An analysis of the early pharmacokinetics.

Iohexol and meglumine-sodium diatrizoate were injected intravenously into 18 pigs as either a 99:1 or 1:99 mixture. Blood samples were taken for 30 minutes and the concentration of each of the two contrast media was measured by means of a double labeling technique with 125I and 131I. Relative concentrations of iohexol were significantly higher during the first 3 minutes when it was injected as a moderately hyperosmolar (99% iohexol) solution than when it was injected as a very hyperosomolar (99% diatrizoate) solution. The greater intravascular dilution of the 99% diatrizoate solution by extravascular water may explain this finding as well as the significantly longer rapid disposition phase and the slightly lower distribution volume of iohexol.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Contrast enhancement of the liver and blood. Nonionic versus ionic contrast media in the pig.

The contrast enhancement of low-osmolality (iohexol) and high-osmolality (diatrizoate) contrast media was compared in 18 pigs following intravenous bolus administration. Liver and blood attenuation and blood sample iodine concentration were measured during the first 3 minutes after injection. Iohexol produced a significantly higher contrast enhancement in the blood during the period from 0.5 to 3 minutes after injection. Diatrizoate produced a significantly higher contrast enhancement in the liver during the period from 9 to 30 minutes after injection. The greater contrast enhancement of iohexol during the acute phase should be advantageous in dynamic CT.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Excitative effects in anaesthetized rabbits from subarachnoidally injected iso- and hyperosmolar solutions of iohexol and metrizamide.

Equimolar doses of iohexol and metrizamide (0.48 mmol/kg body weight = 185 mg I/kg), administered in solutions iso- and hyperosmolar to the CSF, were injected subarachnoidally into rabbits under pentobarbital anaesthesia. No excitative effects of iohexol were observed in the behaviour of the rabbits during a 3-h period immediately after the injection. Metrizamide caused significant, severe excitative effects, ranging from hyperexcitability to repeated generalized seizures. The frequency and severity of excitative effects were independent of the osmolality of the metrizamide solutions injected.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Interaction between chlorpromazine and intrathecally injected non-ionic contrast media in non-anaesthetized rabbits.

During a 14-day period, 45 of 78 rabbits were treated intravenously with chlorpromazine (5 mg kg-1 day-1). Metrizamide or iohexol was injected subarachnoidally and the neurotoxic effects of each substance on rabbit behaviour were evaluated for 3 h in both chlorpromazine-treated and non-treated rabbits. Chlorpromazine increased both the excitative and the depressive effects of metrizamide and the depressive effects of iohexol. No signs of excitation were observed in chlorpromazine-treated and non-treated rabbits after subarachnoid injections of iohexol. In spite of a free flow of clear fluid from the needle both before and after the intended subarachnoid injection, radiography disclosed that 26 of 67 suboccipital injections inadvertently resulted in a subdural deposition of the contrast medium. Contrast medium effects following subdural injection significantly differed from those following subarachnoid injection.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

Renal function following nephroangiography with diatrizoate. Effects of saline, mannitol, and diatrizoate on renal blood flow, glomerular permeability and filtration rate and diuresis in dogs.

The ionic contrast medium diatrizoate used in high-dose unilateral nephroangiography in dogs produced an abnormal nephrogram, 'patchy contrast medium retention', and a marked decrease in renal blood flow in five of eight injected kidneys. Increased glomerular permeability (albuminuria), reduced glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), and reduced osmotic diuresis were demonstrated in all selectively injected kidneys.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1980

Proteinuria following nephroangiography. V. Influence of calcium and magnesium ions in non-ionic contrast media.

The influence on albuminuria following nephroangiography was investigated after addition of Ca2+ to the non-ionic contrast medium metrizamide (Amipaque) in the rat and after addition of Ca2+ or Ca2+ and Mg2+ to the experimental non-ionic contrast medium C 29 in the dog. When Ca2+ or CA2+ and Mg2+ were added to metrizamide or C29 in concentrations two to three times th plasma level no influence occurred. Higher concentrations of Ca2+ (10-25 mmol/l) in the metrizamide or C29 solutions resulted in increased albuminuria.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1980

Effect of angiographic contrast media on the liver. I. Serum concentration of enzymes after coeliacography with balloon catheter in the pig.

In pigs serum concentrations of ASAT, ALAT, gamma GT, AP and amylase were determined during one week after coeliacography balloon catheter for temporary arterial occlusion. One group of pigs was injected with iohexol (non-ionic contrast medium) and another group with metrizoate (ionic contrast medium) and another group with metrizoate (ionic contrast medium). In a control group metrizoate was injected into the lumbar artery. Small and transient increases in serum concentrations of hepatic enzymes and amylase were recorded 180 min to one day after the injection in all 3 groups. No significant differences in enzyme reactions between the groups were observed.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Proteinuria following nephroangiography. VII. Comparison between ionic monomeric, monoacidic dimeric and non-ionic contrast media in the dog.

The degrees of albuminuria induced by nephroangiography in dogs with the ionic monomeric contrast medium diatrizoate, the non-ionic iopamidol, iohexol and C29 and the monoacidic dimeric contrast medium ioxaglate were compared. Diatrizoate induced significantly higher albuminuria than the other contrast media. No significant differences in the degree of albuminuria following angiography were found between iopamidol, iohexol, C29 and ioxaglate.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1979

Absorption of a non-ionic contrast agent from cerebrospinal fluid to blood.

Intrathecal injection of a non-ionic contrast agent in the lumbar area of rabbits resulted in: (1) a rapid rise in blood iodine level with a maximum after 23-46 min; (2) low concentrations in cisterna magna during the observation period (24 h); and (3) complete or almost complete disappearance of visible contrast medium on the radiographs within 30 min. This indicates that after injection in the lumbar area of the rabbit most of the contrast medium absorption takes place from the lumbar area. Similar injections in cisterna magna showed the following: (1) a slow rise in blood level with a maximum after 150-275 min; (2) little or no disappeared of visible contrast medium on the radiographs within the first hour. This indicates that in the rabbit the absorption from the subarachnoid space of the spine takes place at different rates dependent on the level at which the injection has been made and the area of deposition of contrast medium.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Excretion of metrizamide (Amipaque) in humans following lumbar subarachnoid injection.

The excretion of metrizamide through the kidneys and intestinal tract was determined in 10 patients submitted to myelography because of sciatica, for a period of 7 days following the examination. In the faeces, less than 5 per cent of the injected contrast medium was recovered during this period. Total recovery in the urine varied considerably from patient to patient, but most of the contrast medium was excreted during the first 48 hours. From the fourth day on, only small amounts were excreted, but even on the 7th day 3 to 11 mg iodine remained, which corresponds to 6 to 22 mg of metrizamide.

Adolescent↗