Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Glavind

Publications and source records attributed to K Glavind.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women.

BACKGROUND: Incontinence can have a devastating effect on the lives of sufferers with significant economic implications. Non-surgical treatments such as pelvic floor muscle training and the use of mechanical devices are usually the first line of management. The latter more so when a person did not want surgery or when considered unfit for surgery. Mechanical devices are inexpensive and do not compromise future surgical treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of mechanical devices in the management of adult female urinary incontinence. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (7 December 2005). The register contains trials identified from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of mechanical devices in the management of adult female urinary incontinence determined either by symptom classification or by urodynamic diagnosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers assessed the identified studies for eligibility and methodological quality and independently extracted data from the included studies. Data analysis was performed using RevMan software (version 4.2). MAIN RESULTS: There were six trials involving a total of 286 women. Two small trials compared a mechanical device with no treatment and although they suggested that use of a mechanical device might be better than no treatment, the evidence for this was inconclusive. Five trials compared one mechanical device with another. Quantitative synthesis of data from these trials was not possible because different mechanical devices were compared in each trial using different outcome measures. Data from the individual trials showed no clear difference between devices, but with wide confidence intervals. There were no trials comparing a mechanical device with another type of treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The place of mechanical devices in the management of urinary incontinence remains in question. Currently there is little evidence from controlled trials on which to judge whether their use is better than no treatment and a large well-conducted trial is required for clarification. There was also insufficient evidence in favour of one device over another and no evidence to compare mechanical devices with other forms of treatment.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women.

BACKGROUND: Incontinence can have a devastating effect on the lives of sufferers with significant economic implications. Non-surgical treatments such as pelvic floor muscle training and the use of mechanical devices are usually the first line of management. The latter more so when a person did not want surgery or when considered unfit for surgery. Mechanical devices are inexpensive and do not compromise future surgical treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of mechanical devices in the management of adult female urinary incontinence. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (7 December 2005). The register contains trials identified from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of mechanical devices in the management of adult female urinary incontinence determined either by symptom classification or by urodynamic diagnosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers assessed the identified studies for eligibility and methodological quality and independently extracted data from the included studies. Data analysis was performed using RevMan software (version 4.2). MAIN RESULTS: There were six trials involving a total of 286 women. Two small trials compared a mechanical device with no treatment and although they suggested that use of a mechanical device might be better than no treatment, the evidence for this was inconclusive. Five trials compared one mechanical device with another. Quantitative synthesis of data from these trials was not possible because different mechanical devices were compared in each trial using different outcome measures. Data from the individual trials showed no clear difference between devices, but with wide confidence intervals. There were no trials comparing a mechanical device with another type of treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The place of mechanical devices in the management of urinary incontinence remains in question. Currently there is little evidence from controlled trials on which to judge whether their use is better than no treatment and a large well-conducted trial is required for clarification. There was also insufficient evidence in favour of one device over another and no evidence to compare mechanical devices with other forms of treatment.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Results and complications of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

Thirty-one patients with stress urinary incontinence were operated on using tension-free vaginal tape (TVT). All were evaluated preoperatively with urodynamics, pad test and stress test. Conservative treatment was without significant effect. Three months after the operation no patients had stress incontinence but I with mixed incontinence experienced deterioration of her urge incontinence and 2 experienced de novo urge incontinence. The de novo urge incontinence was significantly improved and the urodynamic investigation normal after approximately 5 months. One patient with a previous operation with Kelly sutures under the urethra developed a urethrovaginal fistula. Fifteen patients were observed for 1 year. One patient who was continent after 3 months developed slight stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Conservative treatment of stress incontinence with Geisha balls.

In a pilot study 6 women with stress urinary incontinence were treated with Geisha balls while performing pelvic floor muscle exercises at home half an hour a day for 12 weeks. Subjectively 4 patients were cured and 2 had improved. Before the treatment the 24-hour pad test was a mean 48 g and after the treatment a mean 10 g. There were no adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Genital prolapse].

The prevalence of genital prolapse in women is unknown. The development of prolapse is dependent on the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissue. Risk factors are vaginal birth, obstipation, high abdominal pressure and surgical procedures. Preventive measures are discussed. The classification of prolapse is somewhat difficult. Conservative treatment with pessaries and pelvic floor muscle exercises and various surgical procedures are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed2000

A prospective study of the discrete fascial defect rectocele repair.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to describe the results of the discrete fascial defect rectocele repair with special emphasis on dyspareunia after the operation. METHODS: Sixty-seven women underwent rectocele repair from October 1997 to January 1999. Repair was limited to reapproximation of discrete defects in the rectovaginal fascia when possible and a small perineorrhaphy. Each patient was evaluated as to whether or not a discrete defect was present and the location of the fascial defect. Outcome measures were complications, recurrent prolapse after 3 months, changes in defecation problems and dyspareunia after the operation. RESULTS: In 96% (64/67) of the patients a discrete defect was present. Before the operation 40% (27/67) reported problems with evacuation of the rectum and 12% (8/67) dyspareunia or problems with intercourse because of the prolapse. The patients were evaluated 3 months after the operation. Only three patients still complained of evacuation problems and only two patients with prior dyspareunia still had problems, which were cured after a further 3 months. Two patients had de novo dyspareunia but in only one patient was an anatomical defect found. CONCLUSIONS: The discrete defect rectocele repair offers an anatomical correction of the rectocele, which alleviates the symptoms but, most important, does not give the woman dyspareunia. Long term results of the operation are awaited.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of stress and urge incontinence in women].

Urinary incontinence has a great impact on the quality of life in many patients. This article gives simple regulations and advice which can improve the situation. The treatment of stress- and urge incontinence is discussed. In stress incontinence conservative treatment in the form of pelvic floor muscle exercise should always be the first choice of treatment. This treatment can be aided by biofeedback, cones or electrostimulation. Mechanical devices and pharmacological treatment is another option. Different surgical methods are discussed. Urge incontinence can be treated with bladder drill, biofeedback, hypnosis, acupuncture, pharmacological treatment electrostimulation or rarely surgery. Any treatment should consider the expectations and motivation of the patient and the need for treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of biofeedback in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence.

Thirty-seven women with stress incontinence were given biofeedback instruction on how to perform pelvic floor exercises correctly. After 3 months with home exercises 31 patients performed a new standardized pad-weighing test: 39% were objectively cured and 42% improved. After a mean of 2 years 15 patients were evaluated with another pad-weighing test: 27% were now objectively cured and 47% improved. A questionnaire showed that 78% had an exact knowledge about the location of the pelvic floor muscles and 47% were satisfied with their present situation, but only 58% performed daily exercises.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Use of a vaginal sponge during aerobic exercises in patients with stress urinary incontinence.

A newly marketed vaginal sponge intended to support the urethra was tested during aerobic exercise in a group of 6 women suffering from stress urinary incontinence. The patients performed half an hour of aerobic exercises on 2 consecutive days, with and without the vaginal sponge. A pad was worn during exercise and weighed before and after. Without the vaginal sponge the patients had a mean loss of 7 g (range 2-18 g) during exercise. With the vaginal sponge in situ there was no leakage. The sponge can be recommended for use during sports in patients with mild to moderate incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Biofeedback and physiotherapy versus physiotherapy alone in the treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence.

Biofeedback is a method of pelvic floor rehabilitation using a surface electrode inserted into the vagina and a catheter in the rectum. Forty women with genuine urinary stress incontinence were randomized to compare the efficacy of physiotherapy and physiotherapy in combination with biofeedback. The effect of the treatment was determined by a standardized pad-weighing test. Long-term status was determined using a questionnaire after 2-3 years. Thirty-four women completed the treatment. The study showed a statistically significant better improvement in the biofeedback group. The long-term effect in the biofeedback group seemed better and the patients were more motivated for training afterwards.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1994

The superiority of rectal thermometry to oral thermometry with regard to accuracy.

Electronic oral thermometry is performed routinely in most medical centres. From the studies available on this subject it seems difficult to find any documentation for this practice. We have conducted clinically controlled studies in which the accuracy of electronic oral thermometry (CRAFTEMP and TERUMO WCT) and that of electronic rectal thermometry (TERUMO WCT) were tested. Rectal glass mercury thermometry was used as a reference method. Two studies were designed. In study 1, 184 patients (72 women, 112 men), median age 70 (18-95) years were investigated. In study 2, 91 patients (41 women, 50 men), median age 59 (18-96) years were investigated. Electronic oral thermometry was found unacceptably inaccurate under daily routine conditions. Electronic rectal thermometry was found to be accurate. Calculations of mean temperature difference between reference measurements and test measurements (mean +/- SD) were found to be: routine oral CRAFTEMP at 0.70 +/- 0.50 degrees C, optimum oral TERUMO WCT at 0.75 +/- 0.74 degrees C, routine rectal TERUMO WCT at 0.08 +/- 0.26 degrees C and optimum rectal TERUMO WCT at 0.02 +/- 0.17. In the screening procedure for fever oral thermometry showed low sensitivity (routine CTAFTEMP 0.47 and optimum TERUMO WCT 0.59) whereas rectal thermometry showed high sensitivity (routine TERUMO WCT 0.74 and optimum TERUMO WCT 0.91). It was concluded that rectal thermometry must be preferred to oral thermometry for daily routine measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of urethral stricture recurrence using clean intermittent self-catheterization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) on prevention of urethral stricture recurrence after internal urethrotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 55 men who were randomly selected, 43 completed the investigation. Of these, 21 patients performed CIC weekly for 1 year following Sachse's operation for urethral stricture and 22 patients formed the control group after the same operation. All had an objective examination for urethral stricture every 2 months after surgery. RESULTS: Significantly fewer (P < 0.01) patients developed recurrence of urethral stricture within the first postoperative year in the CIC group (n = 4) compared with the control group (n = 15). No CIC complications were seen, and patients who completed the CIC programme considered the method fully acceptable. CONCLUSION: Weekly CIC is a simple method of reducing the frequency of urethral stricture recurrence after internal urethrotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intra-uterine hematoma in pregnancy.

In 60 patients with a live fetus and an intra-uterine hematoma (IUH) proven by ultrasonic scanning the outcome of pregnancy was spontaneous abortion in 12% and premature delivery in 10%. No correlation between the outcome of the pregnancy and the maximum size of the hematoma or the week of detection was found. A subplacentar localization of the hematoma was associated with a higher, but not statistically significant, incidence of spontaneous abortion than a subchorionic localization. Spontaneous abortion most often occurred in the first weeks after the formation of the hematoma.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Paternity in patients with testicular germ cell cancer: pretreatment and post-treatment findings.

Paternity before and after treatment was investigated in 177 patients with unilateral germ cell tumours of the testis. Before the cancer was diagnosed, 51% had fathered at least 1 child, 9% had a history of infertility and 40% had not wanted to have children. It was estimated that 72% of the patients would have fathered at least 1 child at the age of 40 years. After treatment 41 patients had wished to have children. Infertility was still a problem 5 years after the end of treatment in 53% of these men. No significant differences was observed between patients treated with orchiectomy alone and patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy or subdiaphragmatic irradiation. In 8 patients, infertility was present in spite of an evident recovery of spermatogenesis. Congenital malformations were recorded in 3.8% of the live-born children conceived before the orchiectomy. This incidence did not exceed the Danish national rate, the relative risk being 2.5 (95% confidence limits, 0.9-5.5). No malformations were observed in the 22 children conceived after ending treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Carcinoma of the lip. Therapeutic results and cosmetic assessment].

The results of treatment of 283 patients with histologically verified infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma of the lip are presented. The cosmetic results after interstitial implantation of cesium needles, surgery or external irradiation are assessed. In tumours with the maximal surface diameter between 1 and 2 cm, fewer visible scars were found after implantation (6.9%) than after surgical excision (23%). The recurrence rate after interstitial cesium implantation is 12% and after surgery 15%.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Physical complaints and granuloma formation after vasectomy].

42 patients were followed up for four years after vasectomy. 86% complained of pain ten days after the operation, 27% still had pain three months afterwards, and 12% for longer than three months. 35% of the patients experienced formation of granulomas in the scrotum. In many patients, vasectomy leads to increased pressure, as well as dilation of the ductus epididymus, with subsequent reaction and formation of granulomas. This probably causes temporary scrotal pain. Some patients experience repeated incidents of increased pressure and pain. Patients should be informed of these conditions prior to vasectomy.

Adult↗