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Biomedical subjects

K G Warren

Publications and source records attributed to K G Warren.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Urodynamic studies in female patients with multiple sclerosis.

Patients with multiple sclerosis may have two fundamental, related problems in the lower urinary tract, i.e., urinary retention and/or urinary incontinence. Forty-six patients were assessed by urodynamic testing. Evidence of detrusor overactivity was seen in 40 patients (86.9%), elevated resting urethral pressures in 39 patients (84.8%), a positive bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) stress test in 24 patients (63.2%), and a significant residual urine in 26 patients (56.5%). Data were analyzed in an attempt to explain retention and incontinence in these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Multiple sclerosis and associated diseases: a relationship to diabetes mellitus.

One hundred multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and hospital controls were compared for coexisting illnesses, and other illnesses among their family members. The patients and controls were compared for allergy, migraine, and cancer among themselves and for a family history of these illnesses. The findings were negative. However a relationship was found between multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus. More MS patients than controls were either diabetic or reported a blood relative with diabetes. MS patients who reported another blood relative with MS were also more likely to report a family history of diabetes mellitus than MS patients who had no other relative with multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Anesthetic barbiturates in refractory status epilepticus.

Two patients with previous cerebral damage and seizures and three patients with acute inflammatory cerebral lesions developed status epilepticus. They were unresponsive to standard anticonvulsants, but anesthetic barbiturates (thiopental and pentobarbital) stopped the seizures promptly.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Herpes zoster mandibularis.

A case of Herpes zoster of the mandibular nerve in an 80 year old man is reported. Herpes zoster infection affecting only the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve is rare. It is proposed that the distribution of lesions is a consequence of a unique latent site of the virus within neurons of the gasserian ganglion innervating the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Variations in herpes simplex virus isolated from human ganglia and a study of clonal variation in HSV-1.

Growth of human sensory ganglia in culture has led to the reactivation of herpes simplex virus from over 50% of cases studied. Infected cell polypeptide and restriction enzyme analysis has led to the conclusion that each individual has one unique latent strain of HSV-1 that can be present in more than one ganglion in the body. Analysis of 91 isolates has shown that the long region of the genome is variable in terms of DNA restriction sites, DNA sequences, and in coding for the majority of variable polypeptides. The short region is stable with only polypeptides Vmw 21 and 22, restriction sites HindIII-(M-N) and BglII-(G-H) and the DNA sequence BamHI-1' having been found to vary. The insertion and deletion of small DNA sequences at specific locations allows individual reactivation events to be distinguished. Detection of information able to complement and produce ts+ virus on superinfection of otherwise negative ganglia with ts mutants, has led to the conclusion that ganglion cells may harbor herpes virus-related information that is only detectable by use of such genetic probes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Acute demyelinating disease in a chimpanzee three years after inoculation of brain cells from a patient with MS.

Brain cells from a patient with classic multiple sclerosis were inoculated intracerebrally into the frontal lobe of a newborn chimpanzee. The animal developed acute quadriplegia three years, two months later and was killed four days after the onset of symptoms. Central nervous system lesions were primarily localized in the spinal cord at root entry zones; these were characterized by demyelination and regeneration of myelin by Schwann cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Tissue culture of adult human neurons.

Dissociated neurons from adult human trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia were cultured in vitro for more than 2 months. Immediately after dissociation by incubation in 0.06% collagenase for 15--18 h, the cultures consisted of single neurons or clumps of neurons and degenerating fragments of myelinated or non-myelinated axons. After 7--10 days, bipolar Schwann cells, large neurons and fine nerve fibers were observed. Electron microscopic examination of these neurons revealed all the ultrastructural features of healthy adult neurons including those of lipofuscin pigments. By electrophysiological technique, extracellular recording to action potentials generated by these neurons were obtained indicating the neurons were alive and healthy. The availability of adult human neurons in culture should provide a model system for investigation related to the pathomechanism of lipofuscin formation and aging in general.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Detection by complementation of defective or uninducible (herpes simplex type 1) virus genomes latent in human ganglia.

Reconstruction experiments have shown that temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)(Glasgow strain 17) grow, complement, and recombine with similar efficiency in human nerve ganglion cells, human brain cells, normal human fibroblasts (WI38), and baby hamster kidney (BHK) 21/C13 hamster cells. Cultures of human trigeminal, superior cervical, and vagus ganglia that had failed to release herpes simplex virus spontaneously were superinfected with a range of ts mutants of HSV-1 and incubated at both permissive (31 degrees C) and nonpermissive (38.5 degrees C) temperatures. Progeny virus was assayed at both temperatures to determine if complementation of or recombination with the input genomes had occurred. The results showed that the ganglia from 8 of 14 individuals, which had been consistently negative for spontaneous release of virus, contained information that could be detected or rescued following superinfection with ts mutants of herpes simplex virus. In two additional cases, positive results were obtained after the superinfection of negative ganglia explants, but in each of these herpes simplex virus had previously been spontaneously released from one of six ganglia explanted.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1979

The polypeptide and the DNA restriction enzyme profiles of spontaneous isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 from explants of human trigeminal, superior cervical and vagus ganglia.

Analysis of the infected cell polypeptides and the DNA restriction profiles of 31 HSV-1 isolates from the trigeminal, superior cervical and vagus ganglia from 17 individuals (12 U.S.A., 2 Japanese, 3 Norwegian) could be classified as 15 different virus strains. With the exception of the three Norwegian isolates which gave identical profiles, virus isolates from the ganglia of different individuals could all be distinguished from one another. In contrast virus isolates from the trigeminal, superior cervical and vagus ganglia of the same individual, or virus isolates from the left and right ganglia of the same individual or multiple isolates from different explants of a single ganglion were indistinguishable. In conclusion, a single virus strain infects each individual initially and virus descended from this event subsequently infects and becomes latent in different cells of the same ganglion as well as in different ganglia.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1978

Varicella-zoster virus infection of human brain cells and ganglion cells in tissue culture.

The growth of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in cultures of human brain (HB) and human ganglion (HG) cells was compared to VZV growth in human fibroblasts. Infected cultures were monitored by histologic, electron microscopic (EM), and virologic techniques. Two to three days after VZV infection of all cell cultures at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, a multifocal cytopathic effect (CPE) developed. CPE was characterized by multinucleated cells and virus-specific intranuclear inclusions as determined by immunofluorescence and EM. In VZV- infected HB and HG cells only, large vacuoles were also seen in the cytoplasm of dying cells. Some vacuoles were almost devoid of structures. Within and at the limiting membranes of other vacuoles, aggregates of VZV particles (measuring 210--230 nm) were seen enveloped in osmiophilic material. VZV infection of HB and HG cultures was strongly cell-associated. Clarified tissue culture medium removed at maximum CPE failed to infect homologous HB or HG cells. When an inoculum of VZV-infected HB or HG cells was transferred to homologous uninfected cultures for 10--15 passages, the incubation period for CPE remained constant, and the titer of VZV in cells sampled randomly corresponded to the amount of virus that was used for original infection.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Virology and histopathology of the trigeminal ganglia of Americans and Japanese.

Herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal ganglia of humans was studied in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, and in Kyoto, Japan. The prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis and of clinically latent herpes simplex virus within trigeminal ganglia was determined in inhabitants of the two cities. In addition, a comparison was made of the prevalence of mononuclear cell infiltration in the trigeminal ganglia of Americans and Japanese. Recurrent herpes labialis was found to be significantly less common in the Japanese city than in the American city. Herpes simplex virus was rescued less commonly from the trigeminal ganglia of cadavers in Japan than in America. The difference was significant. The frequency of mononuclear cell infiltration in the trigeminal ganglia of Americans and Japanese is not significantly different. These observations, as well as previously reported serological studies, suggest that despite the ubiquitous nature of herpes simplex virus in America and Japan, the Japanese have less clinically overt disease caused by this virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Herpes simplex virus latency in patients with multiple sclerosis, lymphoma and normal humans.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was isolated from the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of 12 cadavers (10 traumatic deaths, one lymphoma and one multiple sclerosis). The cadaver with multiple sclerosis showed large bilateral trigeminal nerve root entry zone areas of demyelination. It is hypothesized that HSV is capable of migrating to the trigeminal nerve root entry zone and initiating demyelinating disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of Herpes simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglia, including ganglia from one patient with multiple sclerosis.

Herpes-simplex virus (H.S.V.) was isolated from 18 of 39 trigeminal ganglia (T.G.) obtained within 12 h of death. The virus was isolated from ten persons who had died of trauma, from one case of lymphoma, and from one case of multiple sclerosis. In the cadaver with histologically confirmed multiple sclerosis, large bilateral areas of demyelination were present near the points of entry of the nerve root, and the possibility that H.S.V. migration to the root entry zone caused demyelination cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

HLA-D typing with an association of Dw2 and absent immune responses towards herpes simplex (type i) antigen in multiple sclerosis.

We have confirmed that HLA-Dw2 is increased in MS patients to 47% (normals 20%). Lymphocyte transformation and antibody studies with herpes simplex antigen show that many of the DW2-positive MS patients have low or absent responses. The association of low responses to HSV and the presence of Dw2 is statistically significant at a p value less than 0.01.

Antibody Formation↗